Pore pressure fluctuations of overlying aquifer during residual coal mining and water-soil stress coupling analysis

Three test models and a simulation model were constructed based on the prevailing conditions of the Taiping coalmine in order to analyze pore pressure fluctuations of an overlying aquifer during residual coal mining. As well, the relation between pore pressure and soil stress was evaluated. The model tests show the vibrations of pore pressure and soil stress as a result of mining activities. The simulation model tells of the response characteristics of pore pressure after mining and its distribution in the sand aquifer. The comparative analysis reveals that pore pressure and soil stress vibration are activated by unexpected events occurring in mines, such as collapsing roofs. An increased pore pressure zone always lies above the wall in front or behind the working face of a mine. Both pore pressure and vertical stress result in increasing and decreasing processes during movements of the working face of a mine. The vibration of pore pressure always precedes soil stress in the same area and ends with a sharp decline. Changes in pore pressure of sand aquifer are limited to the area of stress changes. Obvious changes are largely located in a very small frame over the mining face.

Rate transient analysis methods for water-producing gas wells in tight reservoirs with mobile water

Tight gas reservoirs with mobile water exhibit multi-phase flow and high stress sensitivity.Accurately analyzing the reservoir and well parameters using conventional single-phase rate transient analysis methods proves challenging.This study introduces novel rate transient analysis methods incorporating evaluation processes based on the conventional flowing material balance method and the Blasingame type-curve method to examine fractured gas wells producing water.By positing a gas-water two-phase equivalent homogenous phase that considers characteristics of mobile water,gas,and high stress sensitivity,the conventional single-phase rate transient analysis methods can be applied by integrating the phase's characteristics and defining the phase's normalized parameters and material balance pseudotime.The rate transient analysis methods based on the equivalent homogenous phase can be used to quantitatively assess the parameters of wells and gas reservoirs,such as original gas-in-place,fracture half-length,reservoir permeability,and well drainage radius.This facilitates the analysis of production dynamics of fractured wells and well-controlled areas,subsequently aiding in locating residual gas and guiding the configuration of well patterns.The specific evaluation processes are detailed.Additionally,a numerical simulation mechanism model was constructed to verify the reliability of the developed methods.The methods introduced have been successfully implemented in field water-producing gas wells within tight gas reservoirs containing mobile water.

Influence of underground water seepage flow on surrounding rock deformation of multi-arch tunnel

Based on a typical multi-arch tunnel in a freeway, the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions(FLAC3D) was used to calculate the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel under which the effect of underground water seepage flow was taken into account or not. The distribution of displacement field around the multi-arch tunnel, which is influenced by the seepage field, was gained. The result indicates that the settlement values of the vault derived from coupling analysis are bigger when considering the seepage flow effect than that not considering. Through the contrast of arch subsidence quantities calculated by two kinds of computation situations, and the comparison between the calculated and measured value of tunnel vault settlement, it is found that the calculated value(5.7-6.0 mm) derived from considering the seepage effect is more close to the measured value(5.8-6.8 mm). Therefore, it is quite necessary to consider the seepage flow effect of the underground water in aquiferous stratum for multi-arch tunnel design.

Numerical analysis of rapid drawdown: Applications in real cases

In this study, rapid drawdown scenarios were analyzed by means of numerical examples as well as modeling of real cases with in situ measurements. The aim of the study was to evaluate different approaches available for calculating pore water pressure distributions during and after a drawdown. To do that, a single slope subjected to a drawdown was first analyzed under different calculation alternatives, and numerical results were discussed. Simple methods, such as undrained analysis and pure flow analysis, implicitly assuming a rigid soil skeleton, lead to significant errors in pore water pressure distributions when compared with coupled flow-deformation analysis. A similar analysis was performed for the upstream slope of the Glen Shira Dam, Scotland, and numerical results were compared with field measurements during a controlled drawdown. Field records indicate that classical undrained calculations are conservative but unrealistic. Then, a recent case of a major landslide triggered by a rapid drawdown in a reservoir was interpreted. A key aspect of the case was the correct characterization of permeability of a representative soil profile. This was achieved by combining laboratory test results and a back analysis of pore water pressure time records during a period of reservoir water level fluctuations. The results highlight the difficulty of predicting whether the pore water pressure is overestimated or underestimated when using simplified approaches, and it is concluded that predicting the pore water pressure distribution in a slope after a rapid drawdown requires a coupled flow-deformation analysis in saturated and unsaturated porous media.

螺杆泵转速对油水旋流分离管流场特性的影响

旋流分离器在井下采油螺杆泵作用下会发生复杂的振动现象,对旋流分离器内部流场造成一定影响。为研究螺杆泵不同转速下旋流分离器内部流场的变化规律,以同井注采工艺中螺杆泵作用下的旋流分离管柱为研究对象,针对振动壁面旋流分离管柱结构及工作特点,基于计算流体动力学方法、计算固体力学方法以及流固耦合理论,建立流固耦合力学模型;利用流固耦合分析方法,对双螺杆泵转动条件下井下旋流分离管柱内速度场、油相分布、涡量及湍动能等流场特性进行分析。分析结果表明:随着螺杆泵转速升高,分离器内切向速度和轴向速度强度逐渐减弱,径向速度的不对称性逐渐加剧,转速的周期性变化还会造成径向速度场分布的偏移;螺杆泵不同转速下旋流分离器内部涡量分布不同,随着转速升高,溢流管以及锥段部分附近相关流场的涡旋明显增强;旋流器溢流口附近油相体积分数会随着螺杆泵转速的升高而减小;不同螺杆泵转动状态下,大颗粒油滴的分布不同。所得结果可为螺杆泵井下旋流分离同井注采系统的设计及螺杆泵的转速设定提供参考。

枞树形榫结构参数对应力的影响

航空发动机枞树形榫结构在工作时的应力状态较复杂,容易发生疲劳破坏。本文通过有限元分析研究拉削角、楔形角、接触长度对榫结构应力的影响,为榫结构的设计和优化提供参考。根据四齿枞树形榫结构的几何特点,提取典型设计参数建立枞树形榫结构的参数化模型;考虑榫结构在实际工作中的受载形式及温度的影响,采用三维接触分析方法建立枞树榫结构热-力耦合分析流程;通过调整拉削角、楔形角和接触线长度的取值,计算榫齿接触区域应力分布情况,得到各设计参量对结构应力的影响规律。结果表明:拉削角增大会导致榫槽局部应力集中加剧以及榫头两侧榫齿应力差值增大,楔形角增大会导致榫头榫槽承担的应力载荷增加,接触长度增大会导致接触应力减小;航空发动机枞树形榫结构在设计时,拉削角在20°以下,楔形角18°、20°为宜,接触长度应适当增大。

高外水隧洞变形稳定性的基质压缩效应

深埋水工隧洞通常会面临高地下水位问题,为准确分析高外水隧洞围岩变形稳定性,需合理模拟外水内渗的力学作用。现阶段,学者们虽已认识到在饱和岩体渗流-应力耦合分析中考虑岩石基质压缩的必要性,但针对岩石基质压缩对高外水隧洞变形稳定性影响的相关研究尚未见报道。基于饱和多孔介质有效应力原理和孔压修正系数,并考虑围岩渗透特性动态演化,建立了高外水隧洞渗流-应力耦合分析模型,并在ABAQUS中进行了数值实现。依托某深埋引水隧洞,在分析其渗流场和变形稳定性的基础上,开展了不同岩石基质可压缩性条件下的高外水隧洞渗流-应力耦合分析,揭示了高外水隧洞围岩变形稳定性随岩石基质可压缩性的变化规律。结果表明:岩石基质压缩直接影响着高外水隧洞的外水内渗过程,对高外水隧洞围岩变形稳定性不利,岩石基质可压缩性越大,则围岩变形和塑性区范围越大,在分析中忽略岩石基质压缩将得出偏于危险的结果。

新型动态旋流器流体仿真分析

该文构建一种新型复合式动态旋流器,通过电机控制使主轴带动4个动态旋流器单元同时工作,提高装置分离效率。应用Fluent软件,采用多相流中的VOF模型,对油水混合液分离进行数值模拟并对内部流场进行仿真分析。结果表明,当新型动态旋流器的入口流量为1.8 m3/h,滚筒的转速为750 r/min时,对油量占比49%的油-水混合液分离效率达到78%。动态旋流器中的油先由小颗粒逐步聚集成团状后和水形成明显的界限,切向速度对动态旋流器分离性能影响较大,转筒壁面附近的湍流强度较高。

输水隧洞穿越典型断面围岩结构安全分析

复杂地质条件是影响TBM输水隧洞结构安全的重要因素,以某引水工程中输水隧洞为研究对象,理论推导了渗流—应力全耦合作用的数学模型,针对TBM输水隧洞穿越断层和最大埋深段,建立三维有限元模型,计算分析围岩初始地应力场、渗流场,以及不同工况下围岩位移、塑性区和应力的分布规律,研究结果表明:初始地应力和孔隙水压力随着埋深的增加而增大,最大埋深处和断层处初始地应力分别达到1.342MPa、0.680MPa,孔隙水压力分别达到0.260MPa、0.200MPa;开挖过程中,断层和最大埋深段隧洞拱顶沉降量基本接近,相对差值仅为0.11%,而拱底抬升量差值较大,达到31.28%;断层处围岩塑性区主要出现在隧洞两侧,最大深度为2.920 m,最大埋深处围岩塑性区主要出现在隧洞拱顶,最大深度为8.627 mm;围岩最大压应力在断层和最大埋深段分别为7.987MPa、6.510MPa;内水压力作用,围岩位移和最大压应力相对于开挖阶段均有一定程度的降低。

A Model of Debris Flow Forecast Based on the Water-Soil Coupling Mechanism

Debris flow forecast is an important means of disaster mitigation. However, the accuracy of the statistics-based debris flow forecast is unsatisfied while the mechanism-based forecast is unavailable at the watershed scale because most of existing researches on the initiation mechanism of debris flow took a single slope as the main object. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed a model of debris flow forecast based on the water-soil coupling mechanism at the watershed scale. In this model, the runoff and the instable soil caused by the rainfall in a watershed is estimated by the distrib- uted hydrological model （GBHM） and an instable identification model of the unsaturated soil. Because the debris flow is a special fluid composed of soil and water and has a bigger density, the density esti- mated by the runoff and instable soil mass in a watershed under the action of a rainfall is employed as a key factor to identify the formation probability of debris flow in the forecast model. The Jiangjia Gulley, a typical debris flow valley with a several debris flow events each year, is selected as a case study watershed to test this forecast model of debris flow. According the observation data of Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation and Research Station, CAS located in Jiangjia Gulley, there were 4 debris flow events in 2006. The test results show that the accuracy of the model is satisfied.

基于流固耦合的抽水蓄能电站水轮机转轮强度分析

为防止水轮机转轮发生疲劳破坏,探讨转轮应力、位移分布规律。以某抽水蓄能电站水轮机转轮作为研究对象,采用流固耦合方法建立三维数值模型,对不同工况下的水轮机转轮位移及应力等参数开展研究,研究结果表明:水轮机转轮的最大位移发生在飞逸工况下,最小位移往往出现在叶片上冠附近,最大位移通常在下环位置发生;应力分布的最大值往往出现在上冠附近叶片的出水边,该位置是关注转轮疲劳破坏的重点区域,在不增大水头损失、恶化流态的前提下,建议适当增加该区域出水边厚度,提高其刚度;研究结果为抽水蓄能电站水轮机结构设计及安全运行提供了参考依据。

承压水底板突水失稳过程的数值模型初探

利用自行开发的岩石破裂过程渗流与应力耦合分析系统F RFPA2D,对承压水底板破裂失稳过程进行了数值模拟。在这个数值模型中,材料在开裂破坏过程中流体压力传递通过单元渗流 损伤耦合迭代来实现。根据模拟结果,分析了承压水底板失稳的机理,对承压水底板的突水部位的预测进行了探讨。得出了与实际基本一致的结果,说明了F RFPA2D作为一种新的数值模拟方法,可以用来研究承压水底板突水问题。

断层破裂带附近采场采动效应的流固耦合分析

矿井底板突水是一个复杂的多物理场耦合问题,结合含断层破裂带条件下采场开采的工程背景,通过离散元流固耦合分析,研究了采场工作面推进过程中断层带的变形与受力情况以及底板支承压力、渗流矢量和渗流速度的动态发展规律和分布特征。相关模拟结果表明,采场中煤层的开采与断层破裂带之间是相互影响的,以支承压力为代表的采动应力是底板破坏形成导水裂隙带及断层"活化"突水的一个主要诱因,而断层的存在也使得工作面与断层带范围内的围岩应力更加集中,增大了底板破坏突水的危险性。采动过程中,底板破坏所形成的导水裂隙带主要集中在工作面前方及下方围岩中,这些区域渗流速度较大,是形成突水的主要通道。

甘肃永靖黑方台灌区潜水渗流场与斜坡稳定性耦合分析

渗流场与斜坡稳定性的耦合分析是揭示灌溉诱发型黄土滑坡机理的重要途径,也是后续开展基于水位的滑坡灾害风险控制的基础。在综合分析研究区地质结构和水文地质条件的基础上,以调查、钻探、测量、三维激光扫描和监测资料为依据,联合应用Visual Modflow和FLAC3D数值模拟软件,开展潜水渗流场与斜坡稳定性的耦合分析,模型计算结果与监测及野外调查结果吻合较好,潜水渗流场的演化对斜坡稳定性具有控制作用,随着潜水位的升高,台塬周边不稳定区域逐年增加,1990、2000和2010年焦家崖头附近最大位移值分别为0.85、1.19和1.80m。

基于双重孔隙介质模型的渗流–应力耦合并行数值分析

为模拟天然岩石中孔隙和裂隙的不同渗透性能及应力耦合特性,基于双重孔隙介质模型,建立渗流–应力耦合分析的迭代计算模型。岩石基质渗透系数和孔隙率通过体积应变进行更新。裂隙系统的耦合模型通过立方体单元模型来建立,渗透系数和孔隙率随有效应力的变化进行更新。考虑到耦合分析时步多、计算量大的问题,采用基于element-by-element策略的有限元并行计算方法进行数值模拟。编制相应的耦合分析并行程序CoupledGF,并在分布存储的并行机上实现。对包含一个生产井和一个注入井的封闭区域进行渗流–应力耦合分析,模拟约22 000个时步。计算结果表明,并行耦合分析模型对于渗流应力的耦合分析是很有效的。

裂隙岩体渗流应力耦合研究综述

系统综述了裂隙岩体渗流应力耦合的研究情况。阐明了单裂隙面的各种经验公式、间接公式及其适用条件，分析了裂隙岩体渗流应力耦合模型优缺点及目前工程应用情况。

高压节流阀节流特征及流固耦合失效分析

以川东北地区高压裂缝性气藏开发钻井现场普遍使用的楔形节流阀为例,分析开度与节流面积、节流压降、流体速度的关系,并依据伯努利方程建立节流压降与开度、流体密度、进口流量的数学模型,采用workbench流固耦合数值模拟方法,对所述条件下的节流阀内部流场和阀芯应力分布对比分析。结果表明,楔形节流阀节流能力随开度的增大迅速减小,随流体密度、进口流量的增大而增大,在一定开度下,由于阀腔内流体的高速流动,阀芯变径台阶面与轴销连接孔位置处出现应力集中,同时阀芯节流面附近有明显漩涡产生,引起阀芯振动,容易导致断裂失效;当开度较小时,节流效果显著,含固相颗粒的流体容易造成节流阀堵塞,且高速流体对阀座冲刷引起刺漏,该分析结果与现场节流阀失效情况十分吻合。

渗水高压引水隧洞衬砌的设计研究

在借助渗流体积力考虑渗流场的力学效应，并由室内试验获得渗透系数随应力水平而变化的关系式的基础上，建立了裂缝混凝土衬砌和渗水围岩地层中渗流场与应力场的耦合计算模型，然后根据衬砌混凝土裂缝出现和开展后的受力变形的特征，提出了一种可供高压引水隧洞衬砌配筋采用的计算方法，并将其应用于广蓄电站二期工程高压引水隧洞衬砌的设计研究。

涡轮导向叶片热冲击数值模拟研究

研究热冲击作用下涡轮导向叶片的热应力及振动模态,旨在从热-结构影响角度揭示静子叶片损伤机理,对其热疲劳寿命分析及抗热疲劳设计具有重要意义。基于瞬态热/流耦合理论,采用有限元/边界元方法,实现某型航空发动机涡轮导向叶片在热冲击作用下的温度场计算,在此基础上求解出叶片的热应力及振动模态。研究表明,采用瞬态流/热耦合可以有效预测叶片的温度分布,其结果与试验误差为6%;依据计算所得热应力及模态振型,可以推断出叶片出现热损伤的位置,且与实验结果吻合较好;根据数值模拟结果,固有频率随温度的升高而下降,前六阶频率平均下降24.7%。

矿井断裂构造带滞后突水的流–固耦合模拟方法分析与滞后时间确定

矿井断裂构造带滞后突水是威胁煤矿深部开采的主要水害类型。基于流–固耦合理论,提出弹塑性应变–渗流耦合、流变–渗流耦合及变参数流变–渗流耦合3种模拟评价模型。将断层破碎带物质等效为连续介质模型,材料本构模型分别采用弹塑性模型和流变模型,应用FLAC3D软件,对上述3种评价模型进行数值模拟,结果表明弹塑性应变–渗流耦合模拟结果在某些情况下可以适用;流变–渗流耦合模拟结果最接近实际;渗透性可变的条件下变参数流变–渗流耦合对渗流参数变化机制的解释最好。以流变–渗流耦合模拟结果为例,最危险滞后突水可能发生时间得以确定,在模拟开采的不同阶段,岩石巷道附近(即模型8#点处)分别产生3.26,3.63,3.77 MPa的最高水压,对应滞后时间分别为15,131,546 d。