Coupled Transfer of Water and Heat in Red Soil: Experiment and Numerical Modelling

Coupled transfer of soil water and heat in closed columns of homogeneous red soil was studied under laboratory conditions. A coupled model was constructed using soil physical theory, empirical equations and experimental data to predict the coupled transfer. The results show that transport of soil water was affected by temperature gradient, and the largest net water transport was found in the soil column with initial water content of 0.148 m3 m-3. At the same time, temperature changes with the transport of soil water was in a nonlinear shape as heat parameters were function of water content, and the changes of temperature were positively correlated with the net amount of water transported. Numerical modelling results show that the predicted values of temperature distribution were close to the observed values, while the predicted values of water content exhibited limited deviation at both ends of the soil column due to the slight temperature changes at both ends. It was indicated that the model proposed here was applicable.

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Coupled Model for Deep-Water Lifting System

The underwater installation of marine equipment in deep-water development requires safe lifting and accurate positioning. The heave compensation system is an important technology to ensure normal operation and improve work accuracy. To provide a theoretical basis for the heave compensation system, in this paper, the continuous modeling method is employed to build up a coupled model of deep-water lifting systems in vertical direction. The response characteristics of dynamic movement are investigated. The simulation results show that the resonance problem appears in the process of the whole releasing load, the lifting system generates resonance and the displacement response of the lifting load is maximal when the sinking depth is about 2000 m. This paper also analyzes the main influencing factors on the dynamic response of load including cable stiffness, damping coefficient of the lifting system, mass and added mass of lifting load, among which cable stiffness and damping coefficient of the lifting system have the greatest influence on dynamic response of lifting load when installation load is determined. So the vertical dynamic movement response of the load is reduced by installing a damper on the lifting cable and selecting the appropriate cable stiffness.

Advances in the Coupled Soil Water and Groundwater Models

Models simulating the reciprocal transformation between the soil water and groundwater are of great practical importance to the development and utilization of water resources and prevention and remedy of water pollution. In this paper,popular coupled models of soil water and groundwater will be analyzed. Besides,advantages and disadvantages of different models will be summarized as a reference for the numerical model of soil water and groundwater.

3D Finite Element Analysis of TBM Water Diversion Tunnel Segment Coupled with Seepage Field

In most studies of tunnel boring machine(TBM)tunnelling, the groundwater pressure was not considered, or was simplified and exerted on the boundary of lining structure. Meanwhile, the leakage, which mainly occurs in the segment joints, was often ignored in the relevant studies of TBM tunnelling. Additionally, the geological models in these studies were simplified to different extents, and mostly were simplified as homogenous bodies. Considering the deficiencies above, a 3D refined model of the surrounding rock of a tunnel is firstly established using NURBS-TIN-BRe P hybrid data structure in this paper. Then the seepage field of the surrounding rock considering the leakage in the segment joints is simulated. Finally, the stability of TBM water diversion tunnel is studied coupled with the seepage simulation, to analyze the stress-strain conditions, the axial force and the bending moment of tunnel segment considering the leakage in the segment joints. The results illustrate that the maximum radial displacement, the minimum principal stress, the maximum principal stress and the axial force of segment lining considering the seepage effect are all larger than those disregarding the seepage effect.

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

A COUPLING THREE DIMENSIONAL BAROCLINIC MODEL OF BIWA LAKE AIR-WATER SYSTEM

A numerical model coupling atmosphere with hydrodynamics is set up in this paper, and is applied in the experimental study of Lake Biwa. Some results are obtained as : (1) whatever (SSW) in sunimer or (NNW) in winer, there exists a positive wind-stress curl over a lake; (2) in summer the positive wind-stress curi plays an important role to form circulation in a lake and produces a special temperature field corresponding to circulation, lower in the deep water, higher in the shallow water; (3) in summer, the hypothesis of initial horizontal inhomogeneous water temperature has little effiect on the results of simulation, and (4) in winter,there is no obvious circulation formed in the lake.

Coupled effect of cement hydration and temperature on hydraulic behavior of cemented tailings backfill

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB) is made by mixing cement, tailings and water together, thus cement hydration and water seepage flow are the two crucial factors affecting the quality of CTB. Cement hydration process can release significant amount of heat to raise the temperature of CTB and in turn increase the rate of cement hydration. Meanwhile, the progress of cement hydration consumes water and produces hydration products to change the pore structures within CTB, which further influences the hydraulic behavior of CTB. In order to understand the hydraulic behavior of CTB, a numerical model was developed by coupling the hydraulic,thermal and hydration equations. This model was then implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the evolutions of temperature and water seepage flow within CTB versus curing time. The predicted outcomes were compared with correspondent experimental results, proving the validity and availability of this model. By taking advantage of the validated model, effects of various initial CTB and curing temperatures, cement content, and CTB's geometric shapes on the hydraulic behavior of CTB were demonstrated numerically. The presented conclusions can contribute to preparing more environmentally friendly CTB structures.

Study on inhomogeneous cooling behavior of extruded profile with unequal and large thicknesses during quenching using thermo-mechanical coupling model

The interfacial heat transfer coefficient between hot profile surface and cooling water was determined by using inverse heat conduction model combined with end quenching experiment. Then, a Deform-3 D thermo-mechanical coupling model for simulating the on-line water quenching of extruded profile with unequal and large thicknesses was developed. The temperature field, residual stress field and distortion of profile during quenching were investigated systematically. The results show that heat transfer coefficient increases as water flow rate increases. The peak heat transfer coefficient with higher water flow rates appears at lower interface temperatures. The temperature distribution across the cross-section of profile during quenching is severe nonuniform and the maximum temperature difference is 300 ℃ at quenching time of 3.49 s. The temperature difference through the thickness of different parts of profile first increases sharply to a maximum value, and then gradually decreases. The temperature gradient increases obviously with the increase of thickness of parts. After quenching, there exist large residual stresses on the inner side of joints of profile and the two ends of part with thickness of 10 mm. The profile presents a twisting-type distortion across the cross-section under non-uniform cooling and the maximum twisting angle during quenching is 2.78°.

Water and heat transport in hilly red soil of southern China:II. Modeling and simulation

Simulation models of heat and water transport have not been rigorously tested for the red soils of southern China. Based on the theory of nonisothermal water-heat coupled transfer, a simulation model, programmed in Visual Basic 6.0, was developed to predict the coupled transfer of water and heat in hilly red soil. A series of soil column experiments for soil water and heat transfer, including soil columns with closed and evaporating top ends, were used to test the simulation model. Results showed that in the closed columns, the temporal and spatial distribution of moisture and heat could be very well predicted by the model, while in the evaporating columns, the simulated soil water contents were somewhat different from the observed ones. In the heat flow equation by Taylor and Lary (1964), the effect of soil water evaporation on the heat flow is not involved, which may be the main reason for the differences between simulated and observed results. The predicted temperatures were not in agreement with the observed one with thermal conductivities calculated by de Vries and Wierenga equations, so that it is suggested that Kh, soil heat conductivity, be multiplied by 8.0 for the first 6.5 h and by 1.2 later on. Sensitivity analysis of soil water and heat coefficients showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity, KS, and the water diffusivity, D(θ), had great effects on soil water transport; the variation of soil porosity led to the difference of soil thermal properties, and accordingly changed temperature redistribution, which would affect water redistribution.

Coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of expansive soils:Parametric identification and calibration

A methodology for identifying and calibrating the material parameters for a coupled hydro-mechanical problem is presented in this pape r.For validation purpose,a laboratory-based water infiltration test was numerically simulated using finite element method(FEM).The test was conducted using a self-designed column-type experimental device,which mimicked the wetting process of a candidate backfill material in a nuclear waste repository.The real-time measurements of key state variables(e.g.water content,relative humidity,temperature,and total stresses)were performed with the monitoring sensors along the height of cylindrical soil sample.For numerical simulation,the modified Barcelona Basic Model(BBM)along with soil-water retention model for compacted bentonite was used.It shows that the identified model parameters successfully captured the moisture migration process under an applied hydraulic gradient in a bentonite-based compacted soil sample.A comparison between the measured and predicted values of total stresses both in axial and lateral directions along with other state variables revealed that heterogeneous moisture content was distributed along the hydration-path,resulting in non-uniform stress-deformation characteristics of soil.

2000-2020年黄河流域水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调时空演变特征

[目的]探讨黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调时空演化特征,可为定量评估流域高质量发展和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]通过耦合协调度模型分析水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展水平和耦合协调特征,并利用灰色关联度对各子系统内部指标进行排序,进而判断对水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度的影响程度。[结果](1)黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展指数呈上升趋势,水资源子系统波动幅度最大。(2) 2000—2020年黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度从初级协调向良好协调阶段发展;不同省区间的系统耦合协调发展水平差异较为明显,整体上可表现为上游地区>中下游地区。(3)各子系统与系统耦合协调度的影响程度排名可表示为水资源子系统>粮食子系统>能源子系统,其中水资源子系统内部指标与系统耦合协调度关联度均在85%以上,水资源子系统相对其他子系统的严格管理尤为重要。[结论]水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调发展水平有待提高,为促进系统协调发展和流域高质量发展应综合考虑各子系统的相互作用关系。

隧道突涌水灾害缩尺物理模型试验研究综述

随着我国经济的快速发展,隧道工程建设越来越多地面临着大埋深、高地应力、高地温、高渗透压力等复杂地质环境,运用物理模型试验开展复杂环境下隧道突涌水灾变机理与安全防控研究已成为岩石力学的热点问题。结合近年来国内外针对隧道突涌水灾变缩尺物理模型试验开展的研究工作,重点对该类物理模型的流固耦合相似理论、相似材料研制、渗透压加载方法等内容进行了系统梳理,并对下一步的可能发展方向进行展望。参考部分文献和突水典型案例后,总结了流固耦合相似准则和高地应力下的相似准则、相似材料选用方案及材料配比、试验中的水压加载方案,认为未来关注的重点包括考虑温度场的物理模型试验相似准则的研究和涌水涌泥与突水突泥间渐变过程的研究2个方面。

基于水文水动力模型和机器学习模型耦合的河道水位预报方法

为探讨利用水文水动力模型和机器学习模型来提高河道水位预报精度的可行性,首先利用水文水动力模型进行河道水位预报,采用支持向量机模型对水文水动力模型的预报结果进行校正,进而构建了一种耦合水文水动力模型和机器学习模型的河道水位预报模型。在广州市南沙区蕉西水闸的应用结果表明,构建的耦合模型的预报效果优于单一的水文水动力模型,明显地提高了不同预见期下的水位预报精度;尽管随着预见期的增加,耦合模型的预报精度有一定的衰减趋势,但整体上仍优于水文水动力模型提供的水位预报结果。

平原河网水动力优化调度与水环境改善的响应关系研究

平原河网河道流动性较差是引起水环境污染严重的主要原因,引调水是改善平原河网地区水环境的重要措施之一。本文以佛山市三山围为例,基于实测资料构建了河网水动力水质耦合模型,采用15天的连续水动力水质监测数据对模型进行了验证,并将NSE和RMSE模型评价指标用于模型评价。同时结合地势、潮汐规律和景观水位等设计了4种闸控模式和7种景观控制水位,共28种模拟工况,模拟分析了不同条件下的水动力水质改善与内外江潮位变化、引排水流量及其空间分布、闸控方式和景观水位等综合响应机理。结果表明:构建的模型合理可靠。研究区域受引排水路径的影响,河道流动性差异较为显著。综合考虑河道流量分布、水流路径、分汊河道分流作用和外江污染物浓度等对河道水质的作用效果并有效结合潮汐河网的动态水环境容量和污染源排放的时空分布对水环境的改善作用将非常显著。与低景观控制水位相比,高景观控制水位的内江动态水环境容量相对较大,污染物浓度较低。景观控制水位从0.2 m上升至0.8 m时,不同引调水路径的引水流量上升28.00%~64.70%,断面氨氮浓度削减了0.85~5.50 mg/L,削减比例达到28.89%~67.23%。本研究为平原潮汐河网水环境优化调度研究提供了新的思路,为相关部门对平原河网的水环境改善提供了重要的参考。

陆地高分辨率水文—生物地球化学过程CNMM-DNDC三维模型的研发及应用进展

CNMM-DNDC模型是本文作者团队研发的陆地高分辨率水文—生物地球化学过程三维模型。本文系统介绍了建模背景和理念、核心过程和模型特点、模拟功能和观测验证、多尺度区域或流域初步应用以及未来发展展望。自2018年刊发首个版本以来,该模型经过了多方面科学过程改进和模拟功能扩展,在元素化学反应、物质相变和机械迁移等基本物理、化学、生物过程层面,完成了对陆地表层系统碳氮磷水循环全耦合的精细刻画。迄今开展的观测验证表明,CNMM-DNDC模型基本普适于不同生物气候带(从热带到寒区多年冻土地带)的流域或区域长时间序列“三高”(时间、空间和过程高分辨率)综合模拟,实现对陆地生态系统的碳、氮、磷、水三维运移、水土流失、水力驱动溶解态和颗粒态碳氮磷横向迁移、碳氮温室气体和污染气体排放、生态系统生产力、水分蒸散发和水分能量平衡等众多可持续发展目标表征变量的预测。该模型广泛推广应用于多尺度区域或流域的复杂过程虚拟科学试验研究和服务于面向生态环境建设与减污降碳的优化调控决策,可望为协同落实联合国多个可持续发展目标提供先进的数值模拟技术支撑。

基于耦合协调模型的人水和谐度评价

为了合理地定量评价人水关系,以西安市为例,在人水和谐概念的基础上,构建人水和谐评价指标体系,通过改进G1赋权法计算各指标权重;以水系统和人文系统综合发展水平为基础,采用耦合协调模型计算人水系统协调度,并通过障碍度模型识别人水系统协调发展障碍因素;采用单指标量化—多指标综合—多准则集成评价方法,先计算出水系统健康度和人文系统发展度,再与人水系统协调度集成,最终得到西安市2012—2021年人水和谐评价结果。结果表明:西安市人水协调度逐渐提高,各年份各指标对人水系统协调发展的阻碍程度清晰可见,人水和谐从较不和谐提升至和谐等级;该方法评价结果与实际相符,具有良好适用性,障碍因素的识别对人水关系进一步和谐有一定启发性。

核电工程异形水箱流固耦合分布式参数模型与效用研究

在流固耦合动力分析领域,传统的Housner模型在工程设计中发挥重要作用。但其理论推导仅适用于规则水箱,采用集中质量总体模型描述液体晃动的整体效应,难以有效模拟异形水箱储液结构的局部精细响应,亟须建立适用于不规则水体晃荡的分布式附加质量模型。基于势流理论推导了一种模态综合法模型,实现了分布质量与储液器壁激振加速度的解耦。该模型能够有效剥离分布式的脉冲质量与对流质量;同时,实体网格的振型分析适用于任意形状水体的动力分析。通过算例的形式将该模型与精细声学-结构耦合(Acoustic-Structural coupling,CAS)模拟法进行了比较,验证了模型的精确性与可靠性。最后,基于本文的模型研究了核电异形的安全水箱在不同水位和减晃格栅分布下的动力响应规律,并检验了其在工程中的适用性。

基于GSFLOW的萨尔瓦多共和国某供水项目水资源预测评估研究

水资源作为重要的战略资源,是制约城市与经济发展的主要因素。科学地进行水资源评价,不仅是项目立项的关键,更是社会经济稳定发展的基础。本文基于中国援萨尔瓦多共和国某供水重点项目,在整理和分析现场收集及测试得到气象、地形、水文和地质等资料的基础上,构建和使用了地表水—地下水耦合模型,对研究区的地表水和地下水交互作用进行模拟,并运用已有的地下水观测数据对模型进行验证,预测未来场区内地下水的变化动态,为项目实施提供技术保障与决策依据。

考虑水动力条件及水系连通的平原河网圩区畅流活水方案

针对平原河网地区水动力条件不足等问题,以嘉兴市新塍镇为例,探究不同畅流活水方案对河道水质的改善效果。构建MIKE11水动力学水质耦合模型,分析“引水/水系连通—水质”驱动响应规律,以NH3-N浓度为主要指标,分析不同活水方案的水质改善效果,并提出优化调控方案。结果表明,集中引水对区域水质改善影响较小,分散设置多个引水点可明显提高水质;直接对水质较差河道进行补水,污染物消减率在8%~30%之间,水质改善效果较明显;合理的水系连通工程可进一步增加畅流活水方案水质改善效果。

降雨-波浪-水位对库岸崩滑泥沙空间分布影响

库岸崩滑对库区含沙量有显著影响,掌握崩滑泥沙与水文因素的关系有助于分析库区泥沙的淤积过程和输移规律.通过降雨-波浪-水位多因素耦合模型试验分析了崩滑泥沙在不同水文因素作用下的空间分布规律.结果表明,降雨能减弱含沙量的变化幅度,促使悬移质泥沙颗粒细化.降雨后含沙量平均变异系数降幅为22%,极细砂粒含量降幅为53%.波浪可加大离岸方向库区含沙量,同时降低此方向含沙量变异系数.波浪作用下离岸方向的平均含沙量增幅为78%,含沙量平均变异系数降幅为67%.水位升高促使离岸方向和水深方向的含沙量降低,悬移质泥沙颗粒粗化.离岸方向和水深方向的平均含沙量在水位升高时降幅分别为14%和20%,极细砂粒含量增幅为15%.