Inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization

The coordinated development between touristization and urbanization is the key to optimizing regional industrial structure and building a long-term dynamic mechanism for urbanization. Based on constructing the measurement index system of touristization and urbanization level, the evaluation model on the coupled and coordinated degree is used in this paper to measure the inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China. The results show that the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization is significantly different in different regions, which presents a gradient decline pattern of the highest in the east, the lower in the middle and the lowest in the west. In the future, measures should be taken to promote the coordinated development between touristization and urbanization in accordance with the regional differences and actual development needs.

The Coupling Relationship between the Uplift of Longmen Shan and the Subsidence of Foreland Basin,Sichuan,China

Depending on the analysis of the coeval sedimentary geometry and subsidence mechanism in the Longmen Shan foreland basin, three models about the coupling relationship between Longmen Shan uplift and foreland basin subsidence since the Indosinian have been proposed：（1） crustal shortening and its related wide wedge-shaped foreland basin,（2） crustal isostatic rebound and its related tabular foreland basin, and（3） lower crustal flow and its related narrow wedge-shaped foreland basin. Based on the narrow wedge-shaped foreland basin developed since 4 Ma, it is believed that the narrow crustal shortening and tectonic load driven by lower crustal flow is a primary driver for the present Longmen Shan uplift and the Wenchuan（Ms 8.0） earthquake.

Research on Coupling Relationship between Social Economy and Ecological Environment in Jinghe County of Aiby Lake Basin,Xinjiang

Based on the theory of sustainable development,using the theory and method of coupling relationship,the main city of Aiby Lake basin——Jinghe County in Xinjiang is selected. Based on the analyses of natural condition,population growth,land use type and ecological environment,the comprehensive evaluation index systems of socio-economic development level and eco-environment quality in Jinghe County are constructed. Using principal component analysis,a comprehensive evaluation of socio-economic development level and ecological environment quality in Jinghe County is conducted by combining with Excel. Their coupling relationship is studied,and quantitative coordination degree between social economy and ecological environment in Jinghe County is obtained. The results show that in recent 50 years,socio-economic development level in Jinghe County is rising,but the ecological environment quality is falling. Their coupling degree C changes during [- 1. 260, ＋ 0. 482],in other words,their coupling relationship is changing between ＂ reluctant coordination＂ and ＂ not coordination＂. After entering into the 21 stcentury,their coupling relationship is basically ＂ reluctant coordination＂. On this basis,the existing problems in the process of sustainable development in Jinghe County are analyzed,and the suggestions about promoting coordinated development between social economy and ecological environment are put forward.

Coupling Relationship Among Technological Innovation,Industrial Transformation and Environmental Efficiency:A Case Study of the Huaihai Economic Zone,China

The 14th Five-Year Plan period is a critical period for China to achieve high-quality development. Based on super-efficiency slacks-based measure(SBM) model, grey-related analysis(GRA) and other models, this paper studies the heterogeneity of the coupling relationship among technological innovation, industrial transformation and environmental efficiency in the Huaihai Economic Zone during the period of 2005-2019. In addition, it analyzes the coupling mechanism of single and binary systems to the ternary system, which is of great significance for the collaborative symbiosis among systems. The findings are as follows. 1) The technological innovation, industrial transformation and environmental efficiency(TIE) systems of the Huaihai Economic Zone had significant spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Although their evaluation value fluctuated, the development trends are all positive. Ultimately, technological innovation is characterized by being high in the northeast and low in the southwest around Xuzhou, while other systems are relatively staggered in space. 2) The coupling of TIE systems is in transition, lack of orderly integration and benign interaction. However, the developing trend of interaction is also upward, and a spatial pattern driven by Xuzhou and Linyi as the dual cores has gradually formed. Moreover, the coupling is mostly manifested as outdated technological innovation and industrial transformation. Except for the final coordination of regenerative cities, the other resource types are all in transition. Cities in all traffic locations are still in transition. The overall system interaction of cities on Longhai Line(Lanzhou-Lianyungang Railway) is relatively optimal, and cities on Xinshi Line(Xinxiang-Rizhao Railway) are accelerating toward synergy. 3) The coupling status of TIE systems depends on the development of the single system and the interaction of the binary(2E) system. The coupling is closely related to technological innovation and Technology-Industry system,and is hindered by the inefficient interaction of Technology-Environment system. Specifically, the synergy of regenerative cities is attributed to the advantage of a single system and the effective integration of 2E systems. Beneficial from the advantages of environmental efficiency, the cities on Xinshi Line promote the synergy of the 2E and TIE systems. Therefore, while the Huaihai Economic Zone stimulates the development potential of the single and 2E systems, it is necessary to amplify the superimposition effect of systems in accordance on the basis of resource and location.

Spatial coupling relationships of gas hydrate formation in the Tibetan Plateau

At present, gas hydrates are known to occur in continental high latitude permafrost regions and deep sea sediments. For middle latitude permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau, further research is required to ascertain its potential development of gas hydrates. This paper reviewed pertinent literature on gas hydrates in the Tibetan Plateau. Both geological and ge- ographical data are synthesized to reveal the relationship between gas hydrate formation and petroleum geological evo- lution, Plateau uplift, formation of permafrost, and glacial processes. Previous studies indicate that numerous residual basins in the Plateau have been formed by original sedimentary basins accompanied by rapid uplift of the Plateau. Ex- tensive marine Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in these basins could provide rich sources of materials forming gas hydrates in permafrost. Primary hydrocarbon-generating period in the Plateau is from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, while secondary hydrocarbon generation, regionally or locally, occurs mainly in the Paleogene. Before rapid uplift of the Plateau, oil-gas reservoirs were continuously destroyed and assembled to form new reservoirs due to structural and thermal dynamics, forcing hydrocarbon migration. Since 3.4 Ma B.P., the Plateau has undergone strong uplift and extensive gla- ciation, periglacier processes prevailed, hydrocarbon gas again migrated, and free gas beneath ice sheets within sedi- mentary materials interacted with water, generating gas hydrates which were finally preserved under a cap formed by frozen layers through rapid cooling in the Plateau. Taken as a whole, it can be safely concluded that there is great temporal and spatial coupling relationships between evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and generation of gas hydrates.

A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework of Water-Energy-Food System Coupling Coordination in the Yellow River Basin,China

For mankind’s survival and development,water,energy,and food(WEF)are essential material guarantees.In China,however,the spatial distribution of WEF is seriously unbalanced and mismatched.Here,a collaborative governance mechanism that aims at nexus security needs to be urgently established.In this paper,the Yellow River Basin in China with a representative WEF system,was selected as a case.Firstly,a comprehensive framework for WEF coupling coordination was constructed,and the relationship and mechanism between them were analyzed theoretically.Then,we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of the coupling coordination degree(CCD)with a composite evaluation method,coupling coordination degree model,spatial statistical analysis,and multiscale geographic weighted regression.Finally,policy implications were discussed to promote the coordinated development of the WEF system.The results showed that:1)WEF subsystems showed a significant imbalance of spatial pattern and diversity in temporal changes;2)the CCD for the WEF system varied little and remained at moderate coordination.Areas with moderate coordination have increased,while areas with superior coordination and mild disorder have decreased.In addition,the spatial clustering phenomenon of the CCD was significant and showed obvious characteristics of polarization;and 3)the action of each factor is self-differentiated and regionally variable.For different factors,GDP per capita was of particular importance,which contributed most to the regional development’s coupling coordination.For different regions,GDP per capita,average yearly precipitation,population density,and urbanization rate exhibited differences in geographical gradients in an east-west direction.The conclusion can provide references for regional resource allocation and sustainable development by enhancing WEF system utilization efficiency.

Potash–Forming Regularity of the Ordovician Marine Northern Shaanxi Salt Basin: Insight from Review and Prospect of the Deep Geology of the Ordos Basin

The Ordovician Northern Shaanxi Salt Basin （ONSSB）, located in the east-central Ordos Basin, western North China Craton （NCC）, is one of the largest marine salt basins yet discovered in China. A huge amount of halite deposited in the Mid-Ordovician Majiagou Formation, and potash- containing indication and local thin layer of potash seam were discovered in O2m^65 （6th submember, 5th member of the Majiagou Formation）. This makes ONSSB a rare Ordovician potash-containing basin in the world, and brings new hope for prospecting marine solid potash in this basin. However, several primary scientific problems, such as the coupling relationship between ONSSB and the continent nucleus, how the high-precision basement fold controls the ONSSB, and how the basement faults and relief control ONSSB, are still unclear due to the limitations of the knowledge about the basement of the Ordos Basin. This has become a barrier for understanding the potash-forming regularity in the continental nucleus （CN） area in marine salt basin in China. Up to now, the material accumulation has provided ripe conditions for the answers to these questions. Latest zircon U-Pb ages for the basement samples beneath the Ordos Basin reveal that there exists a continental nucleus （Yi-Meng CN） beneath the northern Ordos Basin. And this brings light into the fact that the ONSSB lies not overlying on the Yi- Meng CN but to south Yi-Meng CN. Both do not have superimposed relationship in space. And borehole penetrating into the basement reached Palaeoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks, which suggests the ONSSB is situated in the accretion belt of Yi-Meng CN during geological history. Basement relief beneath the ONSSB area revealed by seismic tomography and aeromagnetic anomaly confirms the existence of basement uplift and faults, which provides tectonic setting for sedimentary center migration of the ONSSB. Comparative research with various data sources indicates that the expanding strata in the ONSSB adopted the shape of the basement folds. We found that the orientations of the potash sags showed high correlation with those of several basement and sedimentary cover faults in the ONSSB. The secondary depressions are also controlled by the faults. Comparative research between all the global salt basins and continental nuclei distribution suggests that distribution of the former is controlled by the latter, and almost all the salt basins developed in or at the margin of the continental nucleus area. The nature of the tectonie basement exerts a key controlling effect on potash basin formation. And on this basis we analyzed in detail the geological conditions of salt-forming and potash-forming in the ONSSB.

Exchange Sex, the Perfect Job, Understanding the Exchange of Sex for Money: The Concept of Partial Happiness, Total Happiness and the New Concept of Supra-Happiness

According to Freud, Happiness is defined as the discharge of sexual drive (Orgasm); obtaining happiness usually costs a lot of energy for women and even more for men, but what happens when that happiness is obtained without energy expenditure, when happiness is obtained with gain of energy or money. Exchange sex is defined as the exchange of sex for energy (in this case money), nevertheless, the classic normal relationships between men and women in society function in general as an exchange of sex for energy (money). So it could be argued that relationships between men and women in our society function on the basis of exchange sex. However, the intrapsychic conflict of individuals complicates and makes it difficult to achieve that happiness. We will also analyze the way to obtain Partial Happiness (get orgasms with people you are not in love with), Total Happiness (get orgasms from the people you are in love with), and a new concept The Supra-Happiness (get orgasms from many attractive people simultaneously; even if you are fall in love with these people or not). That happiness is only temporary, the original dissatisfaction and lack of the human psyche has to be filled and constantly satisfied with that temporary happiness.

Regional coupled C-N-H2O cycle processes and associated driving mechanisms

From a molecular level to an ecosystem scale,different coupling mechanisms take place during coupled carbonnitrogen-water(C-N-H2O)cycle,of which essential are water flux and related biogeochemical processes through physicochemical reactions associated with terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Meanwhile,regional coupled C-N-H2O cycle will subsequently impact regional gross primary productivity(GPP)and C and N exchanges during air-water interactions that occur downstream of watersheds.This study aimed to first synthetically analyze the regional dynamics of C,N and H2O cycles in ecosystems and determine their interactional relationships;second,to specify regional C-N-H2O coupled relationships of ecosystems and their theoretical ecological principles;third,to classify coupled regional response and adaptation of the C-N-H2O cycle to climatic and environmental changes under anthropogenic activities,providing a theoretical basis to fully understand and make adjustments to interactional C,N and H2O cycling relationships at different ecosystem scales and under associated coupling processes.

The Coupling Relationship between the West Shandong Rise and the Jiyang Depression, China

This article reports 21 AFT （apatite fission track） data from the West Shandong （山东） rise （WSR） and Jiyang （济阳） depression, and mainly studies their Cenozoic uplifting/subsidence history and the relationship between them. Furthermore, we improve our insights into the Bohai Bay Basin （BBB）. Our AFT analysis and AFT T-t modeling indicates that the WSR was uplifted at ca. 65 Ma with apparent uplift rate of 0.019 mm/a; it underwent two relatively rapid uplifting events at 43-33 and 16-0 Ma with rates of 0.097 and 0.052 mm/a, respectively. Meanwhile, the Jiyang depression subsided at rate of 0.032 mm/a at 52-43 Ma, and the rate increased to 0.13 mm/a at ca. 42-33 Ma; finally the subsidence rate increased to 0.053 mm/a in 16-0 Ma. They all underwent a uplift in time of 23-16 Ma with rate of 0.04-0.07 mm/a. A careful comparison shows that the Cenozoic uplifting of the WSR coupled well with the subsidence of the Jiyang depression. Our research also suggests that the uplift- basin coupling events are part of the couplings between the Bohai Bay Basin and its peripheral moun- tains. This intraplate mountain-basin coupling is a reflection of global tectonic events.

Cognitive deficiency,parental relationship,and coping strategies are related with anxiety and depression among parents of children with epilepsy

Background:The diagnosis of epilepsy in a child often and understandably causes psychological adjustment difficulties in the parents.To help parents of children with epilepsy cope with stress,it is important to understand how parents cope with the sickness of their child.The objective of this study was to assess factors related to the state of anxiety and depression among parents of children with epilepsy.Methods:The present study was a cross-sectional study,and the data were collected through an anonymous,Internet-based survey platform between October 2018 and October 2019 from 250 participants aged 22-65 years.Participants were invited to fill questionnaires include socioeconomic questionnaire,anxiety,depression,and coping strategies scale.Result:Among the parents of children with epilepsy,48.8%(122/250)had depressive symptoms(Patient Health Questionnaire-9[PHQ-9]score>4)and 46.4%(116/250)had anxiety symptoms(7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder[GAD-7]score>5).Depression among parents of children with epilepsy was significantly associated with comorbidity(odds ratio[OR]=0.392,95%CI=0.182-0.846),a poor parental relationship(OR=0.283,95%CI=0.130-0.614),positive coping(OR=0.947,95%CI=0.903-0.992),and negative coping(OR=1.287,95%CI=1.179-1.405).Anxiety among parents of children with epilepsy was significantly associated with a poor parental relationship(OR=0.416,95%CI=0.207-0.835)and negative coping(OR=1.155,95%CI 1.087-1.228).Conclusions:The present study indicates the importance of couple support and providing effective coping to make parents of children with epilepsy more resilient in the presence of negative life events,especially for parents of children with comorbidity with cognitive deficiency.

Resilience assessment framework toward interdependent bus-rail transit network:Structure,critical components,and coupling mechanism

Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on assessing the vulnerability and characteristics of single-mode PTNs,neglecting the impacts of heterogeneous disturbances and shifts in travel behavior within multimodal PTNs.Therefore,this study introduces a novel resilience assessment framework that comprehensively analyzes the coupling mechanism,structural and functional characteristics of bus-rail transit networks(BRTNs).In this framework,a network performance metric is proposed by considering the passengers’travel behaviors under various disturbances.Additionally,stations and subnetworks are classified using the k-means algorithm and resilience metric by simulating various disturbances occurring at each station or subnetwork.The proposed framework is validated via a case study of a BRTN in Beijing,China.Results indicate that the rail transit network(RTN)plays a crucial role in maintaining network function and resisting external disturbances in the interdependent BRTN.Furthermore,the coupling interactions between the RTN and bus transit network(BTN)exhibit distinct characteristics under infrastructure component disruption and functional disruption.These findings provide valuable insights into emergency management for PTNs and understanding the coupling relationship between BTN and RTN.

Self-stabilizing maintenance process in plant communities of alpine meadows under different grazing intensities

Backgrounds:Grazing prohibition and reduced grazing intensity,as two important“vegetation close-to-nature recovery”methods,have been suggested as economical and effective technologies for enhancing forage production.However,numerous studies have found that the yield of forage could be increased by removing or reducing grazing in a short time in some steady stage of alpine Kobresia meadows,but not in others.To reveal the mechanism behind this phenomenon,we proposed a series of experiments.Methods:We monitored the plant and soil characteristics in the key steady stages of Kobresia meadows under reduced and prohibited grazing conditions in the same geographic and climatic environments in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for 6 years.We estimated the relationships between the plant community and soil nutrients and obtained the following results.Results:All measured variables were positively correlated with each other.The plant community structure had higher path coefficients to aboveground biomass,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen than to other factors.The plant community structure played an important role in response to grazing intensity.Different plant functional groups(PFGs)had different responses to grazing intensity,which led to plant community re-establishment or re-organization under different grazing intensities.Poaceae and Kobresia were more sensitive to grazing intensity than other PFGs,and the ratio of Kobresia biomass(including Kobresia humilis and Kobresia pygmaea)to the total biomass of Poaceae and Kobresia could be used as an indicator of regime shifts within plant communities.With Kobresia pygmaea as the dominant species,the prohibition of grazing was not an efficient approach to increase the yield in the steady stages because this treatment needed more time to recover aboveground biomass.If Poaceae is the dominant PFG,grazing should only be prohibited for 3 years in the steady stages because the aboveground biomass will decrease if grazing is prohibited for more than 3 years.Conclusions:Therefore,the different steady stages of alpine meadows require different recovery methods to increase recovery efficiency and speed.

Quantifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecosystem services and livelihoods in China’s poverty-stricken counties

Understanding the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods is a prerequisite for poverty eradication and ecological protection in China.In this paper,we intended to quantify the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods in 717 poverty-stricken counties in China.First,we identified distinct levels of ecosystem services and poverty respectively in the poverty-stricken areas based on the ecosystem services subsystem index and poverty livelihoods subsystem index.Then,we calculated the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between the ecosystem services and the poverty livelihoods in China^poverty-stricken counties from 2000 to 2015.Finally,we analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of the coupling between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods.The results indicate that the ecosystem services showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the poverty level showed an increased trend.In addition,the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods in poverty-stricken counties was also improved from 2000 to 2015.However,the coupling degree value or coupling coordination degree values in some counties or contiguous impoverished areas showed a decreased trend,the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods in those counties or areas was higher conflict.Future more,the coupling relationship in China's poverty-stricken counties was mainly intermediate conflict and low conflict,which need to improve in the future.Thus,it is suggested that effective measures are required to lift ecosystem services out of the poverty trap and into sustainable livelihoods.

Coupling and evolution mechanism of infrastructure mega-projects complex ecosystem： Case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Infrastructure mega-projects(IMP), which involve complex interactions and feedback, have more significant impact on economic, social, and other systems.This paper proposes a concept—the IMP complex ecosystem—to analyze IMP from a broad perspective of organic links across engineering, social, economic, and resource environments. Moreover, this paper proposes the theoretical concept, framework, and functions for the IMP complex ecosystem based on complex ecosystem theory.First, the coupling process between IMP complex ecosystem subsystems is analyzed through material flows, energy flows, information flows, and value streams.Second, a logistic model of the IMP complex ecosystem is proposed by analyzing the evolution conditions and motivations. Third, the evolution pattern of the IMP complex ecosystem is determined. Fourth, the positive evolution strategy of the IMP complex ecosystem based on dissipative structure theory and the influencing factors of the evolutionary process is introduced. Finally, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Sousa chinensis are used as the case study. This paper also analyzes the coupling structure on the complex ecosystem of the Hong KongZhuhai-Macao Bridge and investigates the coupling and evolution mechanism application of the IMP complex ecosystem on Sousa chinensis protection for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project.