Taurolithocholate impairs bile canalicular motility and canalicular bile secretion in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets

AIM: To investigate the effects of taurolithocholate (TLC)on the canalicular motility in isolated rat hepatocyte cou-plets (IRHC).METHODS: TLC was added to IRHC at concentrationsof 10 and 50 μmol/L, respectively. In each group, fi vetime-lapse movies containing 3 representative bile cana-liculi were taken under phase-contrast microscopy for12 h. The number of bile canalicular contractions andthe intervals between consecutive canalicular contrac-tions were calculated. Furthermore, the effects of TLC onIRHC were examined by transmission electron micros-copy.RESULTS: The bile canalicular contractions were spon-taneous and forceful in the controls. Active vesicularmovement was observed in the pericanalicular region.Immediately after the addition of TLC, the bile canaliculiwere deformed, and canalicular bile was incorporatedinto the vacuoles. The canaliculi were gradually dilated,and canalicular contractions were markedly inhibited byTLC. The vesicular movements became extremely slowin the pericanalicular region. The number of canalicularcontractions significantly decreased in the TLC-treatedgroups, as compared with that in the controls. The timeintervals were prolonged, as the TLC dosage increased,indicating that bile secretion into the canaliculi wasimpaired with TLC. Transmission electron microscopyrevealed the lamellar transformation of the canalicularmembranes in IRHC treated with TLC.CONCLUSION: TLC impairs both the bile canalicularcontractions and the canalicular bile secretion, possiblyby acting directly on the canalicular membranes in TLC-induced cholestasis.

On the Traditional Architecture Couplets to Create the Type of Space

Couplets financial literature,calligraphy and seal carving is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.To create a space of traditional architecture couplets attaches great importance to the overall order of;convey the connotation,but also to convey a visual space;Joining Sentences people across time and space of unlimited imagination,greatly sublimation of the people's psychological space and beyond time and spaceextension,easy to create an image space.The couplet has become to create one of the indispensable element of traditional Chinese architectural conception of space.

On the Informative Function of Language in the Poems and Couplets in Benzhu Temples in Dali,Yunnan

In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu temples.The poems are carved on the walls and tablets.The couplets,being on both sides of the doors,are carved on planks or written on red paper.Lan guage used in the poems and couplets plays the informative function.

Dated deposition couplets link catchment erosion flux with storm discharge on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Tracing erosion flux within a single catchment is one of the major targets for the Earth's Critical Zone science. The sedimentary succession in landslide-dammed reservoirs within the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) serves as a valuable archive of past erosion history. Deposition couplets and annual freeze–thaw layers were firstly identified for the sedimentary succession of the Jingbian reservoir on the northern CLP with high-resolution XRF core scanning. The deposition couplets in the reservoir since 1963 A.D. were further dated with ^(137) Cs activity. We found consistent one-to-one correspondence between couplet specific sediment yield and storm intensity. The reconstructed soil erosion history highlights the control of storm intensity and frequency on loess erosion on the northern CLP in the past hundreds of years.

Dalu VillageA Probe into Preservation and Sustainable Development of Chinese Couplet Culture in Dalu Village

Dalu Village of Guangxi province is one of the national historical and cultural villages in China.It enjoys great fame for its Chinese couplets which are viewed as a distinctive cultural heritage passed down by its ancestors roughly 400 years ago.The couplets are a cultural art of great value worth preserving and inheriting.However,with urbanization and tourist development,the couplets are under the threat of devastation and disappearance.Based on desk research and field research,studies on the value of the couplets in Dalu Village and analysis of the rising crises are presented in the paper.In addition,solutions consisting of restoration,repair and ecomuseum are put forward as an attempt to avert the crises and promote the sustainable development of Dalu Village’s couplet culture in the long run.

A Study on the Principle of Chinese Antithetical Couplet Translation

As the quintessence of Chinese culture,Chinese antithetical couplets enjoy a long history and have unique styles.Due to the linguistic and cultural elements,it is difficult to translate Chinese antithetical couplet.This paper discusses the literal and free translation principle in Chinese antithetical couplet translation.

Prescription and treatment rules for the prescriptions containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine based on traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance support platform

Objectives:To provide a theoretical basis for the development of the new products of Poria cocos-Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine.Methods:All prescription preparations containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala were collected from the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health Drug Standard·Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation(called Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation for short).After standardization,the information of each prescription preparation was input into the Chinese Traditional Medicine Inheritance Support Platform(V2.5),and the relevant rules of the software were adopted.Data mining methods were used to analyze the frequency of drugs,main symptoms and diseases in prescriptions,and to analyze the regularity of prescriptions.The prescription rules of top 2 high frequency attending syndromes and diseases were analyzed.Results:There were total of 337 prescription preparations containing couplet medicine of Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala,107 kinds of main symptoms and 66 kinds of diseases.The high frequency syndromes were deficiency of Qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach,and the high frequency syndromes were anorexia and irregular menstruation.Conclusion:The couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala prescription is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases and gynecological diseases;it mostly takes tonifying deficiency efficat.It can treat different diseases being compatible with different medicinal materials.The study can provide theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development of the couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala.

Mechanism of cuscuta-medlar treating male infertility based on network pharmacological method

Objective:To predict couplet medicinals Cuscuta-Medlar(CM)in treat male infertility and analyze their potential mechanisms by the network pharmacology method.Method:TCMSP,BATMAN and literature were used to obtain components of CM,and male infertility targets were predicted by OMIM and GeneCards databases.Cytoscape software was used to construct the"component-target-disease"network.The STRING web site was used for the analysis of Protein-to-protein interaction(PPI)data between compounds and disease.DAVID 6.8 was carried on GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Result:A total of 52 active ingredients and 242 potential targets of CM were obtained,with 7661 male infertility related genes retrieved from disease database.Then 113 common targets were obtained.Biological processes were related to enzyme binding,signaling receptor binding and molecular function regulator.The biological pathways mainly included TNF signaling pathway,apoptosis-related signaling pathway,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,Thyroid hormone signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:CM may treat male infertility by inhibiting inflammation,inhibiting apoptosis and promoting spermatogenesis.

Study on the mechanism of “Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza” couplet medicine for coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:To study the active components and gene targets of“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”couplet medicine for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)based on network pharmacology,and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Based on oral bioavailability(OB)>30%and drug-like(DL)>0.18,the active components of“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”for CHD were screened and the targets of treating CHD were predicted by using TCMSP and GeneCards database.The active component-CHD target network was established by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by utilizing String database.Finally,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using Bioconductor and R language.Results:The study predicted 72 active components in total,including 7 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.and 65 Salvia miltiorrhiza,such asβ-sitosterol,tanshinone.Totally 96 target genen of active components were obtained,including PTGS1,NCOA2,NOS2,etc.Results of GO enrichment analysis showed 142 biological processes,related to adrenergic receptor activity,G protein-coupled amine receptor activity,etc.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed 131 pathways,including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion:“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”couplet medicine exerts therapeutic effects on CHD from multiple targets as PTGS1,PTGS2 and adrenergic receptor activity and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The study can provide reference for further researches on its mechanism and the pharmacological effects of Shenzhi Tongxin Capsule.

Evaluation of a complex couplet care intervention in a neonatal intensive care unit:A mixed methods study protocol

Background:Families with an infant in need of intensive care most often experience a harmful separation after birth.This is due to a division of medical specialties into neonatal care and maternal care.Therefore,a couplet care intervention is implemented for mother-infant dyads in a neonatal intensive care unit.This study protocol provides a comprehensive evaluation of the intervention.The aim is to evaluate the effect and implementation of a complex couplet care intervention to promote zero separation between mother and infant.Methods:The couplet care intervention is a family-centered model of care,where treatment-requiring mother-infant dyads will be admitted together and receive couplet care by neonatal nurses.The study adheres to the framework of the Medical Research Council and will use a mixed methods embedded design comprising a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative process evaluation.Finally,a health economic evaluation will be conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of this complex couplet care intervention.Discussion:Separation of mother-infant dyads after birth has an adverse impact on family health and well-being.This study protocol evaluates a complex couplet care intervention.With this study,a first step is taken to help bridge the gap between current practices and a new care model to prevent the separation of mothers and their infants.

The first internal-tide deposits found in China

NOT until Gao Zhenzhong and Eriksson studied the Ordovician of Fincastle area, Appalachi-ans, the USA in 1990, did sedimentologist recognize internal-tide deposits in the ancientrecord and begin to use the term of 'internal-tide deposit'. In the Ordovician of Fincastlearea, two facies are recognized: (i) bidirectional cross-laminated very fine grained

Preservation potential of individual couplet and deposition rates on mudflats in the Changjiang Estuary

Non-barrier mudflats in the Changjiang Estuary is examined to obtain preservation potentials and deposition rates over different time scales. The preservation potential of couplet is ca. 46.6% within daily scale and decreases as the time-interval extending, with 9.2% on a semi-lunar scale and 3.7% on a seasonal scale. In the long term, only 1.6% of daily deposition can potentially be preserved in the tidal flat sequence and other 98.4% have been eroded and leave sedimentary discordances, discernable or un-discernable, in the mudflat deposits. A negative log-linear relationship is examined between sedimentation rates and the time spans. The length of sedimentary hiatuses on the mudflat deposition were estimated with considerable uncertainty, but it can provide from an actualistic base some further insights into the nature and origin of ancient mudflat deposits with emphasis on the sedimentary discordances.

The Encounter of Christianity and Daoism in Philippe Couplet＇s Confucius Sinarum Philosophus

The book Confucius Sinarum Philosophus1, published by the Jesuit Philippe Couplet in 1687, aimed at spreading Confucian thought and the Confucian classics in EuroPe. Its publication caused an enormous sensation and was highly valued by the King of France, Louis XIV. The description of Chinese geography, history, and religions, including three important Latin translations of Confucian works （namely, Ta hio-Liber Primus： Scientiae Sinicae [Daxue], Liber Secundus： Chum yum [Zhongyong], and Liber Tertius： Lun Yu [Lunyu]）, in addition to some missionary works of the Jesuits, was of great value for Europe at the time. Through the publication of this work, Confucianism was successfully introduced into Europe and treated as an eastern counterpart of the European Renaissance. The book became a fundamental source for Europeans trying to understand Chinese culture in the 17^th century. In order to evangelize in China, the Jesuits made an effort to accommodate Confucian thought within Catholicism. As part of this strategy, Daoism and Buddhism were marginalized and treated as false philosophies. In spite of this, Philippe Couplet described Daoism in his Brevis Notitia Sectae： Li lao kiun Philosophi. Although his understanding of Daoism was not far from that of Matteo Ricci, Couplet, however, did recognize Lao Zi as a philosopher, something which Ricci never did. This paper focuses on Couplet＇s description of Daoism as Daoism transmitted to Europe in the a means of investigating the first image of 17^th century.

Comparative analysis of four active compounds of Baikal skullcap and its classical TCM prescriptions according to different clinical curative effects

Objective: A sensitive HPLC-DAD detection method was established for the comparative analysis of the four active compounds(including baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin) of Baikal Skullcap and its classical TCM prescriptions according to different clinical curative effects. And analyze the relationship between compatibility of medicines, content and clinical curative effect.Methods: Water extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection(HPLC-DAD), using an Agilent extend-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm) column by using solvent A(0.2% phosphoric acid water) and solvent B(methanol) in the ratio of 52:48(v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 25°C and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.Results: In quantitative analysis, the four selected markers showed good regression(R^2>0.999) within test ranges. The average recoveries were between 99.75~100.60% and their RSD values were between 0.97%~1.71%. The proportions of the four chemical compounds for different efficacy were 33.51~35.76: 6.78~6.87: 3.45~3.64: 1; 18.6~23.64: 3.63~4.27: 1.36~1.53: 1; 29.94~31.78: 5.14~5.23: 3.28~3.56: 1; 33.99~41.91:5.83~7.42: 2.83~3.39: 1.Conclusion: Clinical practice of thousands of years have proved that the curative effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine depends on the compatibility of different kinds of medicine material crude slices. According to this study we found that different compatibility of medicines leads to different proportions of the chemical compounds. We assume that there is a certain correlation between therapeutical effect of TCM and compatibility of medicines.

COUPLET CALIGRAPHY

CALIGRAPHER IN THE NEW AGE39-ycar-old calligrapher.artist,seal-cutter and art historian Zhu Tianshu(朱天曙)believes in both heritage and rebellion,that is,to interpret the classics from a brand new perspective.Proficient in all kinds of calligraphy styles.Zhu developed his own script:a flow of both strength