Seismic response analysis of a reinforced concrete continuous bridge considering coupling pounding-friction effect

To evaluate the coupling pounding-friction effect between bridge girders and retainers and its influence on bridge seismic response, a reinforced concrete （RC） continuous bridge is selected as the research object. Three bridge finite element （FE） models were built using OpenSees, in which the longitudinal and transverse pounding elements, as well as the transverse failure element of bearings were introduced. Based on this, tire seismic response analysis considering the coupling pounding-friction effect was conducted for the continuous bridge subjected to bi-directional ground motions. Furthermore, the influential parameters were analyzed. The analysis results indicate that the coupling pounding-friction effect can alter the internal force distribution of the bridge structure and generate additional torsional force to bridge columns. The friction coefficient and longitudinal pounding gap size are two important factors. The appropriate friction coefficient and longitudinal pounding gap size can significantly reduce seismic response of girders, and effectively transfer part of the girder inertia force from the fixed columns to the sliding columns, which can reduce the seismic demands of the fixed columns and improve the seismic performance of continuous bridge structures.

A vertical coupling dynamic analysis method and engineering application of vehicle–track–substructure based on forced vibration

Purpose–This study aims to propose a vertical coupling dynamic analysis method of vehicle–track–substructure based on forced vibration and use this method to analyze the influence on the dynamic response of track and vehicle caused by local fastener failure.Design/methodology/approach–The track and substructure are decomposed into the rail subsystem and substructure subsystem,in which the rail subsystem is composed of two layers of nodes corresponding to the upper rail and the lower fastener.The rail is treated as a continuous beam with elastic discrete point supports,and spring-damping elements are used to simulate the constraints between rail and fastener.Forced displacement and forced velocity are used to deal with the effect of the substructure on the rail system,while the external load is used to deal with the reverse effect.The fastener failure is simulated with the methods that cancel the forced vibration transmission,namely take no account of the substructure–rail interaction at that position.Findings–The dynamic characteristics of the infrastructure with local diseases can be accurately calculated by using the proposed method.Local fastener failure will slightly affect the vibration of substructure and carbody,but it will significantly intensify the vibration response between wheel and rail.The maximum vertical displacement and the maximum vertical vibration acceleration of rail is 2.94 times and 2.97 times the normal value,respectively,under the train speed of 350 km$h
1.At the same time,the maximum wheel–rail force and wheel load reduction rate increase by 22.0 and 50.2%,respectively,from the normal value.Originality/value–This method can better reveal the local vibration conditions of the rail and easily simulate the influence of various defects on the dynamic response of the coupling system.

Impact coefficient and reliability of mid-span continuous beam bridge under action of extra heavy vehicle with low speed

To analyze the dynamic response and reliability of a continuous beam bridge under the action of an extra heavy vehicle, a vehicle–bridge coupled vibration model was established based on the virtual work principle and vehicle–bridge displacement compatibility equation, which can accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge. Results show that deck roughness has an important function in the effect of the vehicle on the bridge. When an extra heavy vehicle passes through the continuous beam bridge at a low speed of 5 km/h, the impact coefficient reaches a high value, which should not be disregarded in bridge safety assessments. Considering that no specific law exists between the impact coefficient and vehicle speed, vehicle speed should not be unduly limited and deck roughness repairing should be paid considerable attention. Deck roughness has a significant influence on the reliability index, which decreases as deck roughness increases. For the continuous beam bridge in this work, the reliability index of each control section is greater than the minimum reliability index. No reinforcement measures are required for over-sized transport.

Dynamic performance analysis of a seismically isolated bridge under braking force

In order to study the dynamic performance of seismically isolated bridges under the most unfavorable loads in the longitudinal direction, a dynamic equation for vehicle braking in the longitudinal direction is established. A four or five- order Runge-Kutta method is adopted to obtain the time-history response of a wheel set under braking force. The quadratic discretization method is then used to transform this time-history into a braking and bending force time-history of a structural fixed node, and a dynamic response analysis of the seismically isolated bridge under the vehicle＇s braking force is carried out using ANSYS, a universal finite element analysis software. According to the results, seismic isolation design results in a more rational distribution of braking force among piers; the influence of the initial braking velocity on the vehicle braking force is negligible; the location where the first wheel set leaves the bridge is the most unfavorable parking location; a seismic isolation bridge bearing constructed according to typical design methods enters into a yield stage under the braking force, while the shearing force at the bottom of the pier declines as the isolation period is extended; the design requirements can be met when the yield displacement of the seismic isolation bearing is less than 5 mm and the yield strength is greater than the braking force.

Seismic response analysis of road vehicle-bridge system for continuous rigid frame bridges with high piers

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of earthquakes on road vehicle-bridge coupling vibration systems. A two-axle highway freight vehicle is treated as a 13 degree-of-freedom system composed of several rigid bodies, which are connected by a series of springs and dampers. The framework of the earthquake-vehicle-bridge dynamic analysis system is then established using an earthquake as the extemal excitation. The equivalent lateral contact force serves as the judgment criteria for sideslip accidents according to reliability theory. The entire process of the vehicle crossing the bridge is considered for a very high pier continuous rigid frame bridge. The response characteristics of the vehicle and the bridge are discussed in terms of various parameters such as earthquake ground motion, PGA value of the earthquake, incident angle, pier height, vehicle speed and mass. It is found that seismic excitation is the most influential factor in the responses of the vehicle-bridge system and that the safety of vehicles crossing the bridge is seriously impacted by the dual excitations of earthquake and bridge vibration.

Numerical analysis of dynamic response of vehicle–bridge coupled system on long-span continuous girder bridge

To systematically study the vehicle-bridge coupled dynamic response and its change rule with different parameters, a vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom was built and the total potential energy of vehicle space vibration system was deduced. Considering the stimulation of road roughness, the dynamic response equation of vehicle-bridge coupled system was established in accordance with the elastic system principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the ＂set-in-right-position＂ rule. On the basis of the self-compiled Fortran program and bridge engineering, the dynamic response of long- span continuous girder bridge under vehicle load was studied. This study also included the calculation of vehicle impact coefficient, evaluation of vibration comfort, and analysis of dynamic response parameters. Results show the impact coefficient changes with lane number and is larger than the value calculated by the ＂general code for design of highway bridges and culverts （China）＂. The Dieckmann index of bridge vibration is also related to lane number, and the vibration comfort evaluation is good in normal conditions. The relevant conclusions from parametric analyses have practical significance to dynamic design and daily operation of long-span continuous girder bridges in expressways. Safety and comfort are expected to improve significantly with further control of the vibration of vehicle-bridge system.

COUPLING VIBRATION OF VEHICLE-BRIDGE SYSTEM

By applying the sinusoidal wave mode to simulate the rugged surface of bridge deck,accounting for vehicle-bridge interaction and using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, a coupling vibration model of vehicle-bridge system was developed. The model was solved by mode analyzing method and Runge-Kutta method, and the dynamic response and the resonance curve of the bridge were obtained. It is found that there are two resonance regions, one represents the main resonance while the other the minor resonance, in the resonance curve. The influence due to the rugged surface, the vibration mode of bridge, and the interaction between vehicle and bridge on vibration of the system were discussed. Numerical results show that the influence due to these parameters is so significant that the effect of roughness of the bridge deck and the mode shape of the bridge can't be ignored and the vehicle velocity should be kept away from the critical speed of the vehicle.

Dynamic Characteristics of Metro Vehicle under Thermal Deformation of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge

In order to study the influence of thermal deformation of long-span cable- stayed bridge (LSCSB) on the dynamic characteristics of metro vehicle on the bridge, based on the theory of vehicle-track coupled dynamics, the rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of metro vehicle-track-LSCSB system is established by using finite element method and multi-rigid-body dynamics. Adopting this model, the deformation of LSCSB subject to temperature is analyzed, then the comprehensive effect of track random irregularity and rail deformation caused by temperature load is considered to study the dynamic characteristics of metro vehicle running through the bridge, and finally the influences of temperature increment and running speed on concerned dynamic indices of vehicle are studied. The results show that the LSCSB deforms obviously subject to temperature load, and the overall performance is that the cooling is arched, and the heating is bent, and the shape variable changes almost linearly with the temperature load. According to the parameters studied in this paper, the rail deformation caused by temperature load increases the wheel-rail vertical force, derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate by 1.5%, 3.1% and 5% respectively. The vertical acceleration of the vehicle body decreases by 2.4% under the cooling condition, while increases by 3.7% under the heating condition. The dynamic response of the bridge changes under temperature load. The maximum vertical and horizontal displacement in the middle of the main beam span are 6.24 mm and 2.19 mm respectively, and the maximum vertical and horizontal acceleration are 1.29 cm/s2 and 2.54cm/s2 respectively. The derailment coefficient and vertical acceleration of vehicle body are more affected by temperature load, and the wheel load reduction rate and wheel-rail vertical force are more affected by speed. The conclusion of this paper provides a reference for subsequent scholars to study the influence of thermal deformation on the dynamic response of vehicles on LSCSB.

Natural Frequency of the Bridge—Vehicle Coupled System Considering Uniform Distributed Moving Load

Natural frequencies of the bridge—vehicle coupling system considering uniform distributed load varying with position is investigated in this work.An analytic model of a simply supported beam bridge with constant section is introduced to establish the frequency equations of the coupled system.Comparisons with the results between analytic model and FEM indicate that the present research is correct and reasonable.In view of an example bridge,natural frequencies are studied on the bridge subjected to uniform distributed moving loads in cases of different weight and span,by which some regular phenomenon are obtained.The present study can apply in the engineering problem of interaction between bridges and moving loads such as trains and tracked vehicles.

Modeling of fiber bridging in fluid flow for well stimulation applications

Accurate acid placement constitutes a major concern in matrix stimulation because the acid tends to penetrate the zones of least resistance while leaving the low-permeability regions of the formation untreated.Degradable materials(fibers and solid particles)have recently shown a good capability as fluid diversion to overcome the issues related to matrix stimulation.Despite the success achieved in the recent acid stimulation jobs stemming from the use of some products that rely on fiber flocculation as the main diverting mechanism,it was observed that the volume of the base fluid and the loading of the particles are not optimized.The current industry lacks a scientific design guideline because the used methodology is based on experience or empirical studies in a particular area with a particular product.It is important then to understand the fundamentals of how acid diversion works in carbonates with different diverting mechanisms and diverters.Mathematical modeling and computer simulations are effective tools to develop this understanding and are efficiently applied to new product development,new applications of existing products or usage optimization.In this work,we develop a numerical model to study fiber dynamics in fluid flow.We employ a discrete element method in which the fibers are represented by multi-rigid-body systems of interconnected spheres.The discrete fiber model is coupled with a fluid flow solver to account for the inherent simultaneous interactions.The focus of the study is on the tendency for fibers to flocculate and bridge when interacting with suspending fluids and encountering restrictions that can be representative of fractures or wormholes in carbonates.The trends of the dynamic fiber behavior under various operating conditions including fiber loading,flow rate and fluid viscosity obtained from the numerical model show consistency with experimental observations.The present numerical investigation reveals that the bridging capability of the fiber–fluid system can be enhanced by increasing the fiber loading,selecting fibers with higher stiffness,reducing the injection flow rate,reducing the suspending fluid viscosity or increasing the attractive cohesive forces among fibers by using sticky fibers.

Dynamic model of vertical vehicle-subgrade coupled system under secondary suspension

As it is known, track transportation can be divided into track system above and track system below. While the train is moving, the parts above and below are interacted and influenced. Therefore, in fact, the problem of track transportation is the match between the vehicle and the raihvay line system. In this paper, on a basis of dynamic analysis of the vehicle-subgrade model of vertical coupled system under primary suspension, utilizing track maintenance standard and simulating track irregularity excitation, the dynamic interaction of vehicle-track-subgrade system is researched in theory and dynamic model of the vertical vehicle-track-subgrade coupled system under secondary suspension is established by compatibility condition of deformation. Even this model considers the actual structure of a vehicle, also considers vibration characteristic of the substructure of track including subgrade and foundation. All these work want to be benefit for understanding and design about the dynamic characters of subgrade in high speed railway.

抢险车对92m跨度复合材料桁架桥动态响应的影响

为研究大跨径桁架式纤维增强复合材料(FRP)应急抢修桥梁成桥后的动力性能,基于导梁推送施工92 m跨度的FRP桁架桥模型,编制FRP桁架桥的车桥耦合算法,研究抢险车辆的车速、质量及路面不平顺对FRP桁架桥的跨中竖向位移、竖向加速度和关键杆件轴向应力等指标的影响.结果表明:路面越不平顺,车辆对桥梁结构的冲击作用越大,且路面等级对竖向位移的影响大于对关键杆件轴向应力的影响;车速为20~50 km/h时,车速变化对冲击系数影响较小,但车速超过50 km/h时,车速的影响逐渐增大;车辆质量对桥梁各项指标动力响应的峰值曲线呈线性增大趋势.当车辆质量为2.80×10^(4)kg,车速30 km/h时,最大跨中竖向位移为167 mm,未超过抢修桥梁位移限值(L/120),表明该桥梁的设计可以满足抢险的通行要求.

车桥耦合连续梁-拱组合桥冲击系数研究

为了得到连续梁-拱组合桥真实的冲击系数,以某三跨连续梁-钢管混凝土拱组合桥为依托,考虑车桥耦合振动效应,利用ANSYS建立大桥空间梁单元模型和车辆的三轴半车模型,分析桥面不平度、车速、车辆数对主梁不同部位及不同响应冲击系数的影响,并以车速和桥面不平度为自变量得到冲击系数二元回归公式,最后利用2座基频相近桥梁冲击系数的实测数据验证该公式。结果表明:桥面不平度对冲击系数影响最大,当桥面不平度达到B级以上,冲击系数超过规范值,最大可达规范值5.42倍;对于主梁,不同外部激励、不同响应和不同部位的冲击系数存在差异,部分冲击系数超出规范值;该文给出的冲击系数回归公式可用于类似结构主梁冲击系数估算。

基于等效刚度阻尼系统的中低速磁浮列车与大跨度桥梁耦合振动响应分析

针对中低速磁浮列车与大跨度连续梁桥的耦合动力响应问题,本文基于等效刚度阻尼系统建立多编组磁浮列车模型;基于国内在建磁浮专线连续梁桥(35m+55m+35m),采用ANSYS中实体单元建立全桥模型.并将两个独立系统在SIMPACK进行车桥耦合,设定车重参数分别为空载、定员和超载,且列车按单线和双线工况运行,计算耦合系统的动力响应.结果表明,本文建立的列车模型受到轨道激励时,磁浮间隙在额定范围内浮动,即等效刚度阻尼系统有良好的控制效果;车辆磁浮间隙的变化量、车体竖向加速度与车重成反比,而磁浮力与车重成正比;在计算工况下,桥梁主跨及边跨的竖向位移均满足设计要求的限值,双线列车超载运行桥梁跨中最大位移仅为4.503mm.说明连续梁桥具有较大的刚度,能满足磁浮车辆安全运行的要求;对比列车单双线运行,主跨跨中的竖向位移最大值后者达到前者两倍,而边跨位移的最大值后者仅比前者增大70%,表明双线列车对开运行对桥梁的动力响应存在增大效应.相关研究成果对磁浮线路建设有一定参考意义.

温度作用下大跨度斜拉桥长波不平顺限值研究

研究目的:为研究大跨度斜拉桥在温度作用下的变形及其引起的长波不平顺对列车运行的影响,以泉州湾跨海钢混结合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,在其主梁截面布置温度传感器以监测主梁温度变化,利用ANSYS软件分析实测温度作用下的斜拉桥主梁竖向变形,将温度变形与轨道不平顺叠加且基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理建立考虑该长波不平顺的车桥耦合模型,以研究长波不平顺对列车动力响应的影响、弦测法对其进行评价的适配性,以及温度变形极限条件下的对应限值。研究结论:(1)温度监测系统共收集了1年的温度数据,将其分解为均匀温度和线性温差后,对应的温度变化范围分别为[5.82°C,37.51°C]和[2.36°C,29.94°C],主梁主跨跨中的最大竖向位移为28.6 mm,最小竖向位移为14.1 mm;(2)相比于未考虑温度作用,考虑了温度作用引起的长波不平顺的车桥耦合振动模型得到的列车轮重减载率、竖向加速度和竖向舒适度指标均有一定增大,竖向加速度增幅最为明显;(3)考虑了因列车运行引起的桥梁动态位移的影响后,60 m弦中点弦测法依然能够很好地体现列车振动响应,与车体竖向加速度响应相关性最好;(4)通过分析60 m弦的不平顺计算结果并进行验证,可知桥塔附近是双线行车时会车的危险位置;(5)在温度变形极限条件下列车的竖向加速度达到规范限值,对应的60 m弦矢度限值为7.22 mm;(6)本研究成果可为大跨度斜拉桥长波不平顺的评测方法选取及限值要求提供参考。

基于DEM-FEM耦合方法的碎屑流对桥墩最大冲击力的影响因素研究

碎屑流是我国山区最危险的地质灾害之一,山区桥墩常受到碎屑流冲击而开裂、倾斜甚至倒塌,给山区桥梁建设、运营带来严重的安全隐患。采用离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)和有限元方法(finite element method,FEM)耦合的三维数值模拟方法模拟了碎屑流对双柱式桥墩的冲击效应,并结合斜槽试验,验证了耦合方法的准确性,进一步分析了碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对桥墩冲击力的影响规律。结果表明,最大冲击力与碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度分别呈幂函数(指数大于1)、幂函数(指数小于1)和线性正相关。冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对最大冲击力的敏感度值分别为3.012、0.202、0.804,在桥梁碎屑流灾害防治时需重视冲击坡度和体积密度的影响。将冲击力的数值模拟值与流体动力学模型预测值对比分析表明,流体动力学模型理论公式能较好地预测桥墩所受的最大冲击力,最大预测误差低于23.6%。相关研究结果可为山区桥梁碎屑流灾害防治与设计提供一定的参考依据。

参数冻结精细指数积分法在非线性车桥耦合振动分析中的应用

描述车桥耦合作用的基本问题是一个时变系统问题,且很多工况下需考虑非线性特性,使得该问题难以得到解析解,甚至数值解也可能很复杂.针对该问题的求解,提出了一种参数冻结精细指数积分法,将其应用于车桥耦合动力学模型的数值分析中.该方法结合了精细积分和指数积分特点,并将时变系数矩阵在每一积分步参数冻结,用于获得系统振动响应的数值解.考虑汽车轮胎与桥面的力和位移耦合关系、桥面沥青铺装层、桥梁材料黏弹性和几何非线性特性,建立了车桥耦合动力学模型,并应用参数冻结精细指数积分法对该模型进行了求解.通过与近似解析解、辛Runge-Kutta算法以及经典的Newmark-β数值积分法计算结果进行对比,验证了所提出方法计算结果的有效性和准确性.在此基础上,制作了缩尺车桥耦合系统模型,测试了跨中挠度响应,进一步验证了理论建模和所提算法的有效性和实用性.通过数值计算分析了所提算法的数值特性,结果表明:提出的参数冻结精细指数积分法不仅可以处理时变、非线性问题,且具有良好的数值计算精度和长时间数值稳定性;由于精细积分的特点,参数冻结精细指数积分法的计算时间步长可以取的较大,可有效提高计算效率.因此,所提出的参数冻结精细指数积分法预期可成为求解车桥耦合动力学问题的一种新的高效算法.

CRTSⅢ型板和双块式无砟轨道振动噪声特性研究

【目的】探究高速铁路CRTSⅢ型板和双块式无砟轨道的结构振动与噪声特性。【方法】以有限元、多体动力学与边界元相结合的方法为基础,通过建立高速列车-无砟轨道-箱梁耦合动力学模型和边界元模型,研究列车高速通过时的列车-轨道-箱梁耦合系统的结构动力响应,以及噪声辐射特性。【结果】结果表明,列车通过桥上CRTSⅢ型板与双块式轨道结构段时,列车的最大轮重减载率分别为0.0536与0.1657,下部箱梁挠度分别为1/9673与1/8457。与双块式无砟轨道相比,CRTSⅢ型板的轨道板及底座位移响应更小,并且轨道-箱梁系统的竖向振动衰减更快,减振性能更优。另外,比较两种轨道结构条件下的高架箱梁结构噪声,CRTSⅢ型板段的箱梁噪声总声压级更小。但是,桥下远场点噪声峰值差异较小,峰值频率接近,均为31.5Hz左右;而桥下峰值频率差异较大,Ⅲ型板的峰值频率为63Hz,双块式则为20Hz。【结论】CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道更适合在高速铁路桥梁段使用。

地震作用下车辆-公路桥梁耦合作用的能量机理

由于地震作用下车辆和公路桥梁相互耦合作用的复杂性,目前对其相互作用机理的研究较少,导致各国现行公路桥梁抗震设计规范关于桥梁在地震作用时是否需要考虑活载作用仍然存在分歧.现有研究表明,车辆既可能对桥梁的地震响应产生有利影响,也可能产生不利的影响.本文在已有的研究基础上,对车桥耦合接触行为进行简化模拟,采用能量法对车辆-公路桥梁耦合作用机理进行分析.结果表明:车桥耦合作用对输入到桥梁水平方向能量的影响可以忽略不计,但会导致输入到桥梁竖向总能量的减小,因而使桥梁的竖向地震响应减小,而输入到车辆竖向的能量则主要来自桥面振动;此外,车辆质量越小,桥梁振动产生的对车辆水平方向的能量输入越大.

新能源汽车电池的在线监测与原位分析技术

为控制新能源汽车电池耗电量,并对其电能消耗行为进行原位分析,针对新能源汽车电池的在线监测与原位分析技术展开研究。完善动力锂电池组结构模型,根据汽车电池的热耦合特性,推导监测核函数,实现新能源汽车电池的在线监测。在此基础上,确定汽车电池的电极材料,并分别从表征特性、拉曼光谱两个角度,对其电池元件的原位特性进行研究。