A nonlinear discrete integrable coupling system and its infinite conservation laws

We construct a nonlinear integrable coupling of discrete soliton hierarchy, and establish the infinite conservation laws （CLs） for the nonlinear integrable coupling of the lattice hierarchy. As an explicit application of the method proposed in the paper, the infinite conservation laws of the nonlinear integrable coupling of the Volterra lattice hierarchy are presented.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CON-TINUUM THEORIES (Ⅱ)—MICROMORPHIC CONTINUUM THEORY AND COUPLE STRESS THEORY

The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.

Tracking and Monitoring Leaf Development, Coupling Law and Regulation Techniques during Flowering Period of Hybrid Foxtail Millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>(L.) P. Beauv.) Parental Lines

The determining factor of Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. is the coupling of its flowering stage and outcrossing rate which leads to low and unstable seed yields in self-pollinated foxtail millet hybrids and thereby limits their large-scale application. In this study, Datong 27, Datong 29 and gu 83 were screened and identified through meticulous observations of their pollination habitats. High exposure rate, degree of exposure and plump of stigma are good factors to accept foreign pollen. Datong 27 and Datong 29 have some additional characteristics, such as long filaments and exposed and full anthers that contain a large amount of pollen. We transformed into a series of stigma-exposed and plump sterile lines that easily accepted exotic pollen. New restorer lines with anthers that were full of powder and exhibited quick recovery, which improved the parental lines’ heterosexual characteristics. By tracking and monitoring the leaf development of the new sterile and restorer lines, a coupling law of leaf development was determined and a series of flowering control measures were formulated. These factors ensured that the parental lines encounter one another during the flowering stage. By utilizing fertilizer and water, the vitality of the female stigma, amount of powder scattered and powder loosening time were prolonged, which increased hybrid seed yields from 1500 to 3000 kg/hm2. These findings were helpful in resolving the technical problems of seed production that restricted the propagation of foxtail millet hybrids and supporting future large-scale applications.

Conservation Laws and Analytic Soliton Solutions for Coupled Integrable Dispersionless Equations with Symbolic Computation

Under investigation in this paper are two coupled integrable dispersionless (CID) equations modelingthe dynamics of the current-fed string within an external magnetic field.Through a set of the dependent variabletransformations, the bilinear forms for the CID equations are derived.Based on the Hirota method and symboliccomputation, the analytic N-soliton solutions are presented.Infinitely many conservation laws for the CID equationsare given through the known spectral problem.Propagation characteristics and interaction behaviors of the solitons areanalyzed graphically.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅲ)—NOETHER'S THEOREM

The existing various couple stress theories have been carefully restudied.The purpose is to propose a coupled Noether's theorem and to reestablish rather complete conservation laws and balance equations for couple stress elastodynamics. The new concrete forms of various conservation laws of couple stress elasticity are derived. The precise nature of these conservation laws which result from the given invariance requirements are established. Various special cases are reduced and the results of micropolar continua may be naturally transited from the results presented in this paper.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅰ) —MICROPOLAR CONTINUA

Based on the restudies of existing polar continuum theories rather complete systems of basic balance laws and equations for micropolar continuum theory are presented. In these new systems not only the additional angular momentum, surface moment and body moment produced by the linear momentum, surface force and body force, respectively, but also the additional velocity produced by the angular velocity are considered. The new coupled balance laws of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy are reestablished. From them the new coupled local and nonlocal balance equations are naturally derived. Via contrast it can be clearly seen that the new results are believed to be rather general and complete.

Conservation Laws of Physics in Dirac Vacuum and β-Decay of Nuclei

The laws of conservation of energy, linear momentum. and angular momentum of a system form a closed unit according to Noether's theorem. A generalization of these laws (including spin) for elementary par- ticles taking into account the states of negative energies of the Dirac vacuum is given. A new interpretation of the β-decay of nuclei without neutrinos. using interactions with Dirac's anti-world is discussed, which ex- plains all characteristics of the β-continuum. A quantum-electrodynamic theory of β-decay is presented in which Fermi's constant g of weak interactions is determined from first principles (without neutrinos). The lat- ter is an expression of e, h, c, m, M, and R, i.e., g is not an independent constant of physics nor is it necessa- ry to measure it.

Separation work analysis of cohesive law and consistently coupled cohesive law

An appropriate coupled cohesive law for predicting the mixed mode failure is established by combining normal separation and tangential separation of surfaces in the cohesive zone model （CZM） and the cohesive element method. The Xu-Needleman exponential cohesive law with the fully shear failure mechanism is one of the most popular models. Based on the proposed consistently coupled rule/principle, the Xu-Needleman law with the fully shear failure mechanism is proved to be a non-consistently coupled cohesive law by analyzing the surface separation work. It is shown that the Xu-Needleman law is only valid in the mixed mode fracture when the normal separation work equals the tangential separation work. Based on the consistently coupled principle and the modification of the Xu-Needleman law, a consistently coupled cohesive （CCC） law is given. It is shown that the proposed CCC law has already overcome the non-consistency defect of the Xu-Needleman law with great promise in mixed mode analyses.

STRESS AND ENERGY TRANSFER OF WATER COUPLING BLASTING

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RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅵ)—CONSERVATION LAWS OF MASS AND INERTIA

The purpose is to reestablish the coupled conservation laws, the local conservation equations and the jump conditions of mass and inertia for polar continuum theories. In this connection the new material derivatives of the deformation gradient, the line element, the surface element and the volume element were derived and the generalized Reynolds transport theorem was presented. Combining these conservation laws of mass and inertia with the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy derived in our previous papers of this series, a rather complete system of coupled basic laws and principles for polar continuum theories is constituted on the whole. From this system the coupled nonlocal balance equations of mass, inertia, momentum, angular momentum and energy may be obtained by the usual localization.

Noether-Type Symmetries and Associated Conservation Laws of Some Systems of Nonlinear PDEs

为经由与部分 Lagrangian 联系的 Noether 类型对称操作员构造 Euler Lagrange 类型方程的能量守恒定律的算法被介绍了。作为应用程序，非线性的部分微分方程的一些重要系统的许多新能量守恒定律被获得了。

Statefinder Parameters for Coupled Quintessence Scenario in a Power Law Case

We investigate a coupled quintessence scenario, which can provide a natural solution to the cosmic coincidence problem. We assume that the mass of dark matter particles depends on a power law function of the scalar field associated to dark energy and meanwhile the scalar field evolves in a power law potential. Since the dynamics of this system is dominated by an attractor solution, the mass of dark matter particles is forced to change with time as to ensure that the ratio between the energy densities of dark matter and dark energy becomes a constant at late times,and one thus solves the cosmic coincidence problem naturally. We then apply a statefinder diagnostic to this coupled quintessence scenario. It is shown that the evolving trajectory of this scenario in the s-r diagram is quite different from those of other dark energy models.

Experimental and simulation studies on similitude design method for shock responses of beam-plate coupled structure

The similitude theory helps to understand the physical behaviors of large structures through scaled models. Several papers have studied the similitude of shock issues. However, the dynamic similitude for shock responses of coupled structures is rarely incorporated in open studies. In this paper, scaling laws are derived for the shock responses and spectra of coupled structures. In the presented scaling laws, the geometric distortion and energy loss are considered. The ability of the proposed scaling laws is demonstrated in the simulation and experimental cases. In both cases, the similitude prediction for the prototype's time-domain waveform and spectrum is conducted with the scaled model and scaling laws. The simulation and experimental cases indicate that the predicted shock responses and spectra agree well with those of the prototype, which verifies the proposed scaling laws for predicting shock responses.

Transcription's bubble under the influence of long-range interactions and helicoidal coupling

The influence of power-low long-range interactions （LRI） and helicoidal coupling （HC） on the properties of localized solitons in a DNA molecule when a ribonucleic acid polymerase （RNAP） binds to it at the physiological temperature is analytically and numerically investigated in this paper. We have made an analogy with the Heisenberg model Hamiltonian of an anisotropic spin ladder with ferromagnetic legs and anti-ferromagnetic rung coupling. When we limit ourselves to the second-order terms in the Taylor expansion, the DNA dynamics is found to be governed by a completely integrable nonlinear Schr？dinger （NLS） equation. In this case, results show that increasing the value of HC force or LRI parameter enhances the bubble height and reduces the number of base pairs which form the bubble. For the fourth-order terms in a Taylor expansion, results are closely resembling those of second-order terms, and are confirmed by numerical investigation. These results match with some experimental data and thus provide a better representation of the base pairs opening in DNA which is essential for the transcription process.

反身法视野下生成式人工智能的耦合型监管

生成式人工智能的快速发展带来了风险控制和监管难题。从社会系统论角度分析,欧盟基于风险的监管模式和美国基于场景的监管模式,均未能实现法律子系统和生成式人工智能子系统之间的有效互动,从而面临多重现实困境。反身法提倡“受规整的自治”,通过反思机制为其他社会子系统的“自我规制”提供制度保障,从而建构“生态自组织”的监管形态,对突破生成式人工智能的监管困境具有启发意义。立足反身法框架,借助战略生态位管理模型,厘清生成式人工智能“技术生态位—市场生态位—范式生态位”的内在演化逻辑,有助于探索和塑造包容审慎与敏捷高效相结合的、融外部监管与自我合规于一体的耦合型监管模式。

乡规民约与农村治理的现代化耦合互动研究

乡规民约在乡村法治建设中具有重要地位,其权威性源自于广大村民共同意志的体现。作为一种软法,乡规民约不仅具有深厚的传统根基,而且与农村社会的实际需求紧密相连。通过柔性治理等合作方式,乡规民约成为农村基层治理的重要工具,体现了国家治理中政府管理、社会参与和村民自治的有机结合。乡规民约的成功实践,离不开对传统伦理道德的继承与发扬,同时也要吸收现代民主法治的精髓。在传统乡规民约中融入现代治理理念等现代化逻辑,进而形成的现代化乡规民约在基层治理中具有重要价值。它依托利益激励、道德评价和互助工具,形成了一种独特的治理模式,既尊重了传统,又体现了现代治理理念。这种治理模式为农村治理提供了有力支撑,有效促进了农村社会的和谐稳定。

求解耦合非线性Schrodinger-Boussinesq方程的三角标量辅助变量方法

采用三角标量辅助变量(TSAV)方法,构造求解耦合非线性Schrodinger-Boussinesq方程初边值问题的高效数值格式。基于方程非线性势能的三角函数形式,提出求解方程的TSAV格式;对方程在时间和空间上分别采用二阶Crank-Nicolson格式和傅里叶谱方法进行离散,并证明时间半离散格式的修正能量守恒律。最后,通过数值算例对文中格式进行验证。结果表明:文中格式具有有效性,修正能量具有守恒性。

冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用下早龄期混凝土强度演变及预测模型研究

为了研究冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用对早龄期混凝土力学性能的影响,基于新疆若羌地区实际环境条件,对三种水胶比的早龄期混凝土分别进行冻融循环、硫酸盐腐蚀、冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用工况下的耐久性试验,分析不同环境作用工况与水胶比交互作用下早龄期混凝土强度经时演变规律和作用机制。同时,基于灰色系统理论与遗传算法,建立早龄期混凝土强度的变权缓冲GM(1,1)模型。研究结果表明:同环境作用工况下,随冻融循环次数增加,早龄期混凝土抗蚀系数均出现先增大后减小的变化规律,并且在腐蚀终期,水胶比与早龄期混凝土抗蚀系数呈负相关。在同水胶比条件下,相较于单一冻融循环工况,冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用工况对早龄期混凝土抗蚀系数终值的影响程度更高。早龄期混凝土强度预测模型的最大平均预测误差仅为1.893%,具有较好的预测精度,可为寒冷、盐渍土地区混凝土结构服役状态评估提供参考;通过预测模型对不同环境作用工况下早龄期混凝土进行耐久性评估,可知:冻融循环作用下,0.26、0.32、0.38水胶比的早龄期混凝土预测服役寿命分别是75.3 a、24.6 a、15.3 a,而在冻融-硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用工况下,同水胶比下早龄期混凝土预测服役寿命缩短至30.7 a、22 a、12.7 a。

鄂尔多斯盆地郝滩地区延安组延8—延10油藏富集规律

鄂尔多斯盆地郝滩地区延安组下段油气显示优越,是长庆油田常规油气藏稳产增产的主力层位。但研究区内延安组储层特征研究程度低,油藏富集规律不明,严重制约了油藏的勘探开发和油田增产稳产工作的推进。在前人研究的基础上,结合储层特征研究,对郝滩地区延安组的成藏控制因素进行分析,并结合现有油藏的精细解剖,探讨研究区延安组下段油藏的富集规律并解剖其成藏模式。研究结果表明,郝滩地区延8—延10储集砂岩物性高,整体为中孔、中—低渗储层,主要的储油空间为粒间孔和长石溶孔;沉积—成岩—构造耦合作用控制郝滩地区延安组下段石油富集成藏,沉积—成岩耦合共同控制延安组下段优质储层发育与分布,而局部发育小幅度构造隆起形成的圈闭有利于石油富集保存;郝滩地区延安组油藏主要为古地貌油藏和岩性—构造油藏,以斜坡古地貌成藏模式、河间丘构造—岩性成藏模式及坡咀岩性—构造成藏模式为主。

内外有别:夫妻共同持股下的家族股权配置偏好

家族股权配置是非常重要的治理问题。文章认为,实际控制人配偶是否持股的身份将直接影响到家族股权配置给血亲还是姻亲成员。基于2008—2016年中国家族上市公司的数据,本文研究结果显示:第一,在夫妻共同持股模式下,家族企业血亲成员与姻亲成员的持股差距将会加大,即实际控制人更倾向于将股权配置给其血亲成员,该结果在采取工具变量法、倾向得分匹配法、控制行业随时间变化、安慰剂检验、剔除特殊样本、更换变量测量方式等多种检验后依然成立。第二,公司大股东间的股权制衡和家族系统中立的父辈是重要的调节机制。股权制衡度越高,夫妻共同持股下家族血亲成员持股超过姻亲成员的可能性越小;父辈的中立性也能够显著地弱化夫妻共同持股模式下家族血亲成员与姻亲成员的持股差距。第三,当配偶的学历和持股比例越接近甚至超过实际控制人时,则越加强化了夫妻共同持股模式下家族股权配置给血亲成员的动机;对等的血亲与姻亲持股结构显著地提高了聘用非家族成员参与管理的可能性,但却降低了家族企业绩效。文章丰富了家族企业股权配置的研究成果,对深入理解夫妻共同持股下的家族企业治理机制具有一定指导价值。