Research Advances in Spatio-Temporal Coupling of Water and Fertilizer in Sugarcane

The coupling of water and fertilizer is the only way for high yield, efficiency, sugar on sugarcane. On sugarcane production, the spatial and temporal controlling technology of fertigation is an important direction of the sustainable and healthy development of ecological agriculture in cane area of China. This paper reviews main achievements and advances on the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on sugarcane from time and space at home or abroad in recent years, analyzes the application prospects of the temporal and spatial coupling effect of water and fertilizer on sugarcane and puts forward some problems which need further research in future.

Coupling Effect of Water and Fertilizer on Soybean Yield and Nutrient Absorption

Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertilizer application,and vice versa;pods per plant,seeds per pod.and 100-seed weight had positive correlations with soybean yield,but the degrees of correlations of different treatments were various;LAI and dry matter accumulation could be significantly increased when watered and applied fertilizer with different levels,but high fertilizer application treatment didn't obtain the highest yield;watering could increase the absolute absorption amount of N,P,K in seeds,but the accumulation rates were various.

Spatiotemporal Coupling of Water and Fertilizer for Double-cropping Grape in Guangxi

This paper summarizes the research progress and major achievements of the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on grape cultivation in China and abroad in recent years,emphatically analyzes the application status and some problems of the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on double-cropping grape cultivation mode in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,discusses the key problems to be further resolved,and finally makes the relevant recommendations.

Effects of Seeding Rate, Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Grass Yield of Forage Millet ( Setaria itlica) in Hebei

The paper was to study the effects of seeding rate, water and fertilizer （ N, P, K） coupling on grass yield of forage millet Jigu No. 18 （Setaria itlica）. A quadratic regression otthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed in pot experiment. The mathematical model between hay yield of forage millet （Y） and soil moisture content （ x1 ）, N fertilizer （x2 ）, P fertilizer （x3 ）, K fertilizer （x4） and seeding rate （x5 ） was established to simulate optimization. The results showed that moisture content, seeding rate, P fertilizer and K fertilizer had important effects on hay yield. Soil moisture content had the biggest impact on yield, followed by seeding rate, P and K fertilizer. The coupling effects of various factors successively were moisture content / seeding rate 〉 K fertil- izer/seeding rate 〉 N / P fertilizer 〉 soil moisture/N fertilizer 〉 soil moisture/ P fertilizer. Moreover, the mathematical model, Y = 20 543. 756 - 565. 570xI -39. 942x2 -23. 102x3 -38. 470x4 - 151. 877x5 ＋ 1. 052x^x2 ＋ 1. 604xIx3 ＋ 12. 953xt x5 - 0. 173x2x3 ＋ 0. 737x4x5 - 2. 292x5^2, was established. The optimum soil moisture and seeding rate were determined as 10% andl5 kg/hm2, respectively. In this scheme, the hay yield was 14 037. 151 0 kg/hm^2 and the economic benefit was 13 887.15 yuan/hm^2 ; the income was increased by 23.68% （ 3 288.98 yuan/hm^2 ） compared to the optimal combination in the test. The results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for forage millet production in Hebei Province.

Study on the Influence of Sowing Rate,Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Water Use Efficiency of Fodder Millet

To study the influence of sowing rate,water and fertilizer( N,P and K) coupling on water use efficiency of fodder millet grown in autumn fallow field,taking " Jigu 18" as the tested material,a orthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed in pot experiment. Results showed that both water and phosphate fertilizer had important impacts on water use efficiency,in which water had the maximum impact,followed by phosphate fertilizer,and nitrogen fertilizer,potassium fertilizer and sowing rate all had no obvious impact. Significant item of sowing rate,water and fertilizer coupling had the below sequence: potassium fertilizer + sowing rate > nitrogen fertilizer + phosphate fertilizer > water + phosphate fertilizer > water + sowing rate > water + potassium fertilizer,and other items had no obvious impact. Mathematical model was established: y = 44. 26- 1. 311x1- 2. 298x2- 3. 682x3- 6. 401x4- 34. 540x5+ 0. 273x1x3+ 0. 118x1x4+ 0. 843x1x5- 1. 948x2x3+ 6. 631x4x5. The optimal scheme taking economic benefit as the examining index was cleared,that is,soil water content maintained 10%,and sowing rate of fodder millet was 15 kg / hm2. By the scheme,water use efficiency was 26. 24 g / kg,and hay yield was13980. 90 kg / hm2,with economic benefit of 13830. 90 yuan/hm2,which was 3063. 73 yuan/hm2 more than the optimized combination with the highest hay yield,with increase magnitude of 22. 15%,and was 6215. 15 yuan / hm2 more than the optimized combination with the highest water use efficiency,with increase magnitude of 44. 94%. The research could provide theoretic basis and technical support for production practice of fodder millet grown in autumn fallow field.

Effect of Different Fertilizer Formulations on Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Greenhouse Grown Macadamia Plants in a Micro Drip-Irrigation System

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Mahidol University, Thailand from January to May 2009. Macadamia plants were planted in pots with mixed substrate of soil： sand： coconut-coir： rice-husk： charcoal; 3.0： 1.0： 0.5： 1.0, respectively. Micro drip-irrigation system was operated 10：00 to 16：00 h daily with a controller scheduled to pump 12 minutes at 12 intervals. The study showed that application of Enshi tablet （18 tablets/plant/year） in a drip-irrigation system enhances growth of Macadamia compared to the application of OsmocoteTM tablet, Modified-enshi and Enshi solution. Significant variation in chlorophyll （a ＋ b） content was observed in Enshi tablet treatment. Soil chemical analyses indicated that the nutrient content in Enshi tablet appeared low compared to other formulations but nutrient removal was considerably brought down by the system, which gives a balance between nutrient removals by crops and addition through fertilizers. Hence, application of Enshi tablet is suggested for Macadamia in a drip-irrigation system.

Effects of water and fertilizer deficit regulation with drip irrigation at different growth stages on fruit quality improvement of kiwifruit in seasonal arid areas of Southwest China

For a long time,seasonal drought occurs frequently in Southwest China,and the management of water and fertilizer in kiwifruit orchards has no quantitative standards,which seriously affects the yield and quality of kiwifruit.Therefore,the effects of water and fertilizer deficit regulation with drip irrigation(WFDRDI)on the quality of kiwifruit at different growth stages were explored to achieve water and fertilizer saving,and green and efficient production of kiwifruit.We select‘Jin Yan'kiwifruit and set two water deficit levels(W_(D20%)and W_(D40%))and three fertilizer deficit levels(F_(D15%),F_(D30%)and F_(D45%))at bud burst to leafing stage(stageⅠ),flowering to fruit set stage(stageⅡ),fruit expansion stage(stageⅢ)and fruit maturation stage(stageⅣ),respectively,with a full irrigation and fertilization as the control treatment(CK)in 2017and 2018.Results showed that the WFDRDI at stageⅡandⅢhad significant effect on fruit physical quality of kiwifruit,specifically,theⅢ-WD40%F_(D30%)andⅢ-W_(D20%)F_(D45%)treatments significantly increased fruit firmness by 13.62 and 15.59%(P<0.05),respectively;theⅡ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)andⅢ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)treatments significantly increased dry matter by 8.19 and 6.47%(P<0.05),respectively;theⅢ-W_(D20%)F_(D15%)treatment significantly increased single fruit weight and fruit volume by 9.33 and 12.65%(P<0.05),respectively;theⅡ-W_(D20%)F_(D15%)treatment significantly increased fruit water content by 1.99%(P<0.05).The WFDRDI had an obvious effect on fruit chemical quality of kiwifruit.TheⅢ-W_(D20%)F_(D45%),Ⅳ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)andⅣ-W_(D20%)F_(D30%)treatments significantly increased vitamin C(Vc)content by 69.96,36.96 and 34.31%(P<0.05),respectively;theⅢ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)andⅣ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)treatments significantly increased total soluble solid(TSS)content by 3.79 and 17.05%(P<0.05),respectively,and significantly increased soluble sugar content by 28.61 and 34.79%(P<0.05),respectively;the contents of fructose,glucose and sucrose also had a significantly increasing trend,which was increased significantly by 5.58–19.63%,40.55–60.36%and 54.03–54.92%in theⅢ-WD40%F_(D15%)andⅣ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)treatments(P<0.05),respectively;sugar–acid ratio was increased significantly in theⅣ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)treatment by 64.65%(P<0.05).The degree and duration of water and fertilizer deficit had a comprehensive effect on fruit quality of kiwifruit.The WFDRDI at stageⅡandⅢcontribute to improving fruit physical quality,and the threshold of water and fertilizer deficit were 20 and 15%,respectively;stageⅢandⅣare the critical periods for improving fruit chemical quality by water and fertilizer coupling effect,and the threshold of water and fertilizer deficit were 40 and 15%,respectively.Therefore,aiming at precise water and fertilizer saving,theⅠ-W_(D20%)F_(D30%),Ⅱ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%),Ⅲ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)andⅣ-W_(D40%)F_(D15%)treatments under WFDRDI during the whole growth period of kiwifruit were the best mode to improve quality and production of kiwifruit.

Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane

[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane.

Spousal communication, fertility preference and other factors affecting contraceptive use among married couples in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Objective:To assess and compare the relationship between spousal communication,fertility preference,and other factors with contraceptive use among married couples in Ekiti State,Nigeria.Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out in AdoEkiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State,Nigeria between the 12th of August 2017 and the 15th of February 2018.A pre-tested,semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 976 respondents by a multi-stage sampling technique.Data were analyzed(univariate,bivariate,and binary logistic regression analysis)using SPSS version 24.0.Factors that showed statistical significance(P<0.05)were included in a binary logistic regression to determine significant predictors of contraceptive use.Results:The proportion of respondents currently using contraceptives was 56.9%.The education status of the respondents revealed that those with primary education were more likely to use contraceptives than those without formal education[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)8.4,95%confidence interval(CI)1.97-36.2,P<0.001].Respondents with fair spousal communication were more likely to use contraceptive than those with poor communication(aOR 4.9,95%CI 2.80-8.71,P<0.001).In addition,fertility preference of 4 or less children was found to be significantly associated with contraceptive use(aOR 3.0,95%CI 1.67-5.50,P<0.001)compared to a preference of more than 4 children.Finally,the urban respondents were more likely to use contraceptives than those in the rural setting(aOR 1.7,95%CI 1.16-2.41,P=0.047).Conclusions:Educational status,residential site,spousal communication,and fertility preference significantly influence the level of contraceptive use among married couples.Couples should endeavor to discuss more on issues bordering on their fertility preference and contraceptive issue.Government should formulate policies to improve the rural uptake of contraceptives using identified target interventions.

Fertility Intentions of Childbearing Age Couples in Shanghai

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微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定有机肥料中9种有毒有害元素的含量

提出了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定有机肥料中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Ni、Pb、Sb、Tl、V等9种有毒有害元素含量的方法。取0.10 g有机肥料样品于聚四氟乙烯微波消解罐中,以2.5 mL盐酸、7.5 mL硝酸和2.0 mL氢氟酸为混合酸进行微波消解。消解结束后,于140℃赶酸,然后加入1.0 mL 50%(体积分数)硝酸溶液,再用水定容至50 mL,摇匀,过滤,取滤液待测,在线加入混合内标溶液。结果表明:9种元素标准曲线的线性范围均为2~100μg·L^(-1),方法检出限(3s)为0.59~66.75μg·kg^(-1);按照标准加入法对典型有机肥料样品进行回收试验,9种元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为2.0%~3.5%,回收率为81.5%~112%。

萃取/反萃取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定肥料样品中铅、镉、汞、铊、锑、砷

为保障农产品的质量与安全,肥料中的有毒有害物质,尤其是重金属含量被严格限制。为提高肥料中有毒有害物质检测的效率,利用铅、镉、汞、铊、锑、砷在盐酸介质中形成稳定的碘络合物的特性,采用甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取、硝酸溶液反萃取的方法实现肥料样品中基质与待测元素的分离,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定肥料样品中的6种重金属元素。通过考察萃取条件及残余基体对分析结果的影响,结果证实,在6 mol/L的盐酸萃取体系中加入5 mL碘化铵(30%)溶液,采用10 mL的MIBK萃取2~3次即可使样品中的铅、镉、汞、铊、锑、砷等被完全萃取,通过萃取/反萃取的方法实现了样品的分离富集,方法的检出限(3σ)为铅0.042 mg/kg、镉0.005 mg/kg、汞0.059 mg/kg、铊0.026 mg/kg、锑0.024 mg/kg、砷0.052 mg/kg,加标回收率在90.1%~108%,可以满足不同肥料样品的质量控制要求。按照实验方法测定6种不同肥料样品中的重金属含量,并采用标准方法进行方法比对,结果表明两种方法的测定结果基本一致。

电感耦合等离子发射光谱法与钒钼黄比色法在有效磷含量测定中的应用比较

在农业生产过程中需要对土壤中的有效磷含量以及肥料中的有效磷含量进行检测,为配方施肥提供重要依据,有效磷检测方法的准确性是评判肥料质量高低、实现配方施肥的关键。研究对电感耦合等离子发射光谱法与钒钼黄比色法这两种有效磷检测方法的灵敏度和准确度进行了比较,明确了电感耦合等离子发射光谱法在213.6 nm条件下的磷检出限为0.05 mg/L,钒钼黄比色法在400 nm检测波长的灵敏度最高,检出限为0.32 mg/L。对两种检测方法的检测准确度进行比较,结果表明电感耦合等离子发射光谱法对不同浓度的有效磷检测准确度均高于96%,其准确度受磷浓度的影响小;传统的钒钼黄比色法检测准确度受磷浓度、检测波长影响较大,对磷含量低于5 mg/L的样品检测准确度下降,且低于电感耦合等离子发射光谱法的检测准确度。研究结果认为对于未知浓度范围的样品,钒钼黄比色法在400 nm波长检测条件下的检测结果较为理想。

保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂对玉米生长和水肥耦合的影响

保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂的应用对玉米高效生产发挥着重要作用。为探究保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂对玉米生长和土壤水肥耦合的影响,在内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市乌审旗河南乡小石砭村进行田间试验。试验共设置4个处理,分别为灌水定额为30 mm并且施加保水剂(C1)、灌水定额为37.5 mm并且施加保水剂(C2)、灌水定额为45 mm并且施加蒸腾抑制剂(C3)和灌水定额为45 mm并且不施加试剂(CK)。结果表明:①保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂能有效提升土壤保水能力,与CK相比,C1、C2和C3处理下玉米生育期平均土壤含水率分别提升6.61%、11.94%和4.05%。②保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂能有效提升玉米株高,其中拔节期玉米株高提升率最高,C1、C2和C3较CK分别提升9.40%、17.45%和6.04%。③玉米的茎粗随着生育期的推进呈现出先快速增长后缓慢增长再略微减小的趋势,快速增长期为拔节期,拔节期相比于苗期茎粗平均增长率为60.21%。④保水剂的施加可以增加土壤肥力和土壤水肥之间的协同关系,C2相比于CK土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾和有机质含量分别增加37.57%、82.76%、88.66%、1.31%和37.83%;土壤水肥耦合度和耦合协调度分别增加77.74%和52.79%。综上所述,施加保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂可有效改善土壤水分状况,促进玉米生长发育,较不施加任何试剂的处理有明显优势。

农村夫妻就业分化对生育意愿的影响

生育属于夫妻共同决策,探究农村夫妻就业分化引致的生育意愿变动及其内在机理,可能为中国低生育率的破解提供新视角。基于2014年和2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,实证检验农村夫妻就业分化对生育意愿的影响。结果表明,农村夫妻就业分化会降低其生育意愿,与务农型夫妻相比,兼业型夫妻和非农型夫妻的平均生育意愿分别减少0.037个和0.054个。使用CMP模型和Tobit模型进行稳健性检验后,结论依旧成立。就业分化对35岁以下、村庄宗族氛围不浓厚的农村夫妻生育意愿的抑制作用更强。机制检验表明,抚育能力削弱和传统生育观念弱化是农村夫妻就业分化导致生育意愿下降的重要原因。农村夫妻就业分化对其生育二孩和生育三孩的行为亦存在显著负向影响。因此,包容性生育政策改革需着重关注农村夫妻的抚育成本和时间顾虑,并通过营造新型生育文化,以激发农村夫妻的生育动力和情感需求。

盐碱地水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄生长与产量品质的影响

为探究盐碱地水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄生长的影响,设置3组灌溉水平W1(268 mm),W2(201 mm),W3(161 mm)和3组施肥水平(N-P_(2)O_(2)-K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2))F1(260-200-220 kg/hm^(2)),F2(208-160-176 kg/hm^(2)),F3(156-120-132 kg/hm^(2)),共9组耦合处理,以无基质水肥组合作为对照组CK,基于温室大棚试验研究水肥耦合对盐碱地土壤盐分、基质栽培番茄株高茎粗、根系特征、产量与品质的影响,并构建遗传算法多目标优化模型确定盐碱地基质栽培番茄的最优水肥调控策略.结果表明:与CK相比,基质处理株高、茎粗、根系特征、水肥利用效率、产量与品质具有显著优势;基质处理土壤表层盐分含量较低,土壤剖面0~30 cm表现为积盐过程,30~60 cm表现为脱盐过程;通过AHP-CRITIC主客观组合赋权的VIKOR法对番茄产量、风味品质进行评价,处理W3F1的利益比率最小,产量与品质最佳;基于遗传算法多目标优化模型求解Pareto最优解,确定盐碱地基质栽培番茄的最佳水肥耦合策略为W3F2,研究可为盐碱地高品质果蔬的水肥科学管理提供理论依据.

养殖尾水混合不同比例水溶肥种植水培生菜的综合效益评价

以“奶油生菜”为研究对象,将不同量的山崎配方水溶肥溶于工厂化养鱼尾水,配制成混合营养液,进行营养液膜栽培(NFT)水培生菜实验,以期筛选出最佳水肥配比,为实现工厂化养鱼尾水资源化利用提供理论依据。实验设置5个处理,分别为S1(123g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S2(98.4g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S3(73.8g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S4(49.2g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S5(24.6g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水),以CK(123g水溶肥+150L清水)作为对照,探究不同处理对生菜产量和品质的影响。采用基于熵权法的TOPSIS综合效益评价模型分析确定最佳水肥配比参数。结果表明,混合营养液能提高生菜对水肥的吸收量,但随水溶肥浓度增加,生菜耗肥量呈先增大后减小的趋势;不同处理下生菜耗水耗肥量均低于CK处理,S1-S5处理相比CK处理分别节肥25.01%、19.15%、34.12%、51.89%和74.10%。混合营养液能有效促进生菜生长,但生菜各项生长指标均随水溶肥浓度上升呈先增大后减少的趋势,S2处理下生菜产量最高,为1.88kg·m^(-2),相比CK处理增加15.32%。此外,混合营养液可提高生菜品质,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先增大后减小的趋势,S2处理下生菜可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高;维生素C(VC)含量、硝酸盐含量均与水溶肥浓度呈正相关,S1处理下VC含量最高,S1-S5处理下硝酸盐含量均低于CK处理。综合效益评价结果表明,S2处理对生菜的生长最为有利,可以获得较高的产量并兼具较好的品质,为最佳配比,养鱼尾水与水溶肥合理配施后,可显著促进水肥吸收,提高生菜产量和品质,实现作物生产效益最佳。

基于产量和N_(2)O排放的温室番茄灌溉模式

为了揭示设施菜地N_(2)O排放的变化规律,了解水肥气耦合对设施菜地土壤N_(2)O的影响,对不同水肥气处理进行综合评价,提出合理的减排措施。试验以番茄为供试作物,设置了灌水水平(I)、施肥水平(F)和加气水平(A)3个因素,以不加气(CK)充分灌溉条件下2个施肥水平为对照,设置I1和I2(分别为亏缺灌溉和充分灌溉,对应作物-皿系数(K_(cp))分别为0.8和1.0)2个灌水水平,F1和F2(分别为低肥和高肥,对应施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)和240 kg·hm^(-2))2个施肥水平,A1和A2(分别为1倍气和2倍气)2个加气水平,共10个处理。采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对番茄全生育期N_(2)O排放进行监测分析,系统研究水肥气耦合对温室番茄土壤N_(2)O排放的影响及其影响因素。结果表明:灌水量和施肥量的增加均会增加土壤N_(2)O排放通量,I2处理的N_(2)O排放通量比I1处理平均增加14.79%(P>0.05),F2处理比F1处理平均增加34.90%(P<0.05)。加气灌溉对土壤N_(2)O排放通量有显著影响,与CK处理相比,A1和A2处理分别增加10.02%(P>0.05)和62.92%(P<0.05)。土壤N_(2)O排放通量与土壤充水孔隙度呈指数正相关关系,与NO_(3)^(-)-N含量呈指数正相关关系,当土壤温度小于等于26℃时,N_(2)O排放通量与土壤湿度呈指数正相关关系,土壤温度大于26℃时,呈线性负相关关系。综合考虑番茄产量、N_(2)O累积排放量、灌溉水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和单产N_(2)O累积排放量,推荐施肥量为180 kg·hm^(-2)的1倍气充分灌溉(K_(cp)=1.0)为温室番茄增产、节水、减排的较佳灌溉模式。

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定肥料中9种污染元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定,超级微波消解并优化不同类型肥料的消解条件,建立了超级微波-ICP-MS测定多种类型肥料中V、Cr、Co、Ni、As、Cd、Hg、Tl、Pb 9种污染元素含量的方法。本方法的线性相关系数均大于0.9999,方法检出限范围为0.000500~0.0293 mg/kg,各元素加标回收率为85.0%~110%,该方法灵敏度高、准确度较好,可实现不同类型肥料样品中多元素的准确测定。

沟水回灌水肥耦合对滴灌油葵节水控盐、增产提质的影响

为探究宁夏引黄灌区滴灌条件下盐碱化土壤油葵增产提质的适宜灌溉量与施肥量,以油葵为研究对象,以沟水为灌溉水源,通过3个灌溉水平与3个施肥水平的不同组合,探究不同水肥条件对油葵的生长、产量、品质、作物水分利用效率以及土壤pH和脱盐率的影响,并采用CRITIC综合评价法进行分析,以期为宁夏引黄灌区盐碱化土壤油葵水肥管理提供参考。研究结果表明,滴灌条件下,高水高肥(S3F3)处理生长、产量指标均最优,但就产量而言,与中水中肥(S2F2)处理差异不显著;就水分利用效率而言,中水中肥处理(S2F2)最优;对于油葵品质而言,中水高肥(S2F3)处理粗脂肪含量最高,高水低肥(S3F1)处理油酸含量最高,中水中肥(S2F2)处理亚油酸含量最高;就降低土壤pH而言,中水高肥(S2F3)处理表现最优;对于提高脱盐率而言,中水中肥(S2F2)处理显著优于其他处理,较对照提高86.12%;通过CRITIC权重法,得出以沟水为灌溉水源,滴灌技术下适宜宁夏引黄灌区盐碱化土壤油葵节水控盐、增产提质最有效的水肥耦合处理为中水中肥(S2F2)处理,即沟水含盐量为506mg/L,灌溉定额为1875m^(3)/hm^(2),尿素450kg/hm^(2),氯化钾150kg/hm^(2)。