General forms of elastic-plastic matching equations for mode-Ⅲ cracks near crack line

Crack line analysis is an effective way to solve elastic-plastic crack problems. Application of the method does not need the traditional small-scale yielding conditions and can obtain sufficiently accurate solutions near the crack line. To address mode- Ⅲ crack problems under the perfect elastic-plastic condition, matching procedures of the crack line analysis method axe summarized and refined to give general forms and formulation steps of plastic field, elastic-plastic boundary, and elastic-plastic matching equations near the crack line. The research unifies mode-III crack problems under different conditions into a problem of determining four integral constants with four matching equations. An example is given to verify correctness, conciseness, and generality of the procedure.

THE EXACT SOLUTIONS OF ELASTIC－PLASTIC CRACK LINE FIELD FOR MODE Ⅱ PLANE STRESS CRACK

The near crack line field analysis method has been used to investigate into the exact elastic-plastic solutions of a mode Ⅱ crack under plane stress condition in anelastic-perfectly plastic solid. The assumptions of the usual small scale yielding theoryhave been completely. dbandoned and the correct .formulations of matching conditionsat the elastic-plastic boundary have been given. By matching the general solution of the plastic stress field (but not the special solution used to be adopted) will the exactelastic stress field (but not the crack tip K-dominant field) at the elastic-plasticboundary. near the crack line, the plastic .stresses, the length of the plastic zone and theunit normal vector of the elaslic-plastic boundary. which sufficiently precise nearthe crack line region, hare been given.

THE EXACT SOLUTIONS OF ELASTIC－PLASTIC CRACK LINE FIELD FOR MODE Ⅱ PLANE STRESS CRACK

The near crack line field analysis method has been used io investigate into theexact elastic-plastic solutions of a mode II crack under plane stress condilion in anelastic-perfectly plastic solid. The assumptions of the usual small scale yielding theory.hare been completely. dbandoned and the correct formulations of matching conditionsat the elaslic-plastic boundary. have been given. By, matching the general solution ofthe plastic slress field (bul not the special solution used to be adopted) with the exactelastic stress field (but not the crack tip K-dominant field) at the elastic-plasticboundary, near the crack line, the plastic stresses. the length of the plastic =one and theunit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary.which are sufficiently precise near the crack line region ,have been given.

NEAR CRACK LINE ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A FINITE PLATE LOADED BY TWO PAIRS OF ANTIPLANE POINT FORCES

In this paper, the improved near crack line analysis method proposed in Refs. [1] and [2] is used to investigate a center crack loaded by two pairs of antiplane point forces in a finite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. And the analytical solutions are obtained, that is elastic-plastic stress fields near the crack line and the law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with an external loads tr,ld the bearing capacity of a finite plate with a center crack. The results of this paper are sufficiently precise near the crack line, because the assumptions of the small scale yielding theory have not been used and no other assumptions have been taken.

GENERAL FORM OF MATCHING EQUATION OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC FIELD NEAR CRACK LINE FOR MODE I CRACK UNDER PLANE STRESS CONDITION

Crack line field analysis method has become an independent method for crack elastic-plastic analysis, which greatly simplifies the complexity of crack elastic-plastic problems and overcomes the corresponding mathematical difficulty. With this method, the precise elastic-plastic solutions near crack lines for variety of crack problems can be obtained. But up to now all solutions obtained by this method were for different concrete problems, no general steps and no general form of matching equations near crack line are given out. With crack line analysis method, this paper proposes the general steps of elastic plastic analysis near crack line for mode I crack in elastic-perfectly plastic solids under plane stress condition, and in turn given out the solving process and result for a specific problem.

Near Crack Line Elastic-Plastic Analysis for an Infinite Plate Loaded by a Pair of Point Shear Forces

The near crack line analysis method was used to investigate a crack loaded by a pair of point shear forces in an infinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The analytical solution was obtained, that is the elastic-plastic fields near crack line and law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with external loads. The results are sufficiently precise near the crack line and are not confined by small scale yielding conditions.

NEAR CRACK LINE ELASTIC－PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A CRACK LOADED BY ANTIPLANE POINT FORCES

In this paper, the improved near crack line analysis method proposed in Refs. [1]and [2] is used to investigate a mode Ⅲ crack loaded by antiplane point forces in aninfinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The solutions of this paper aresufficiently precise near the crack line region because. the assumptions of the smallscale yielding theory have not been used and no other assumptions have been taken.

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF NEAR CRACK LINE FIELDS FOR MODE I CRACK UNDER PLANE STRESS CONDITION IN AN ELASTIC－PERFECTLY PLASTIC SOLID

The near crack line analysis method has been used in the present paper,The classical small scale yielding conditions have been completely abandoned in the analyses and one inappropriate matching condition used to be used at the elasticplastic boundary has been corrected.The reasonable solution of the plastic stresses near the crack line region has been established.By matching the plastic stresses with the exact elastic stresses at the elastic-plastic boundary,the plastic stresses the length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary near the crock line region have been obtained for a mode I crack under uniaxial tension,as well as a mode I crack under biaxial tension,which shows that for both conditions the plastic stress componentsσy, and σsy.he length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary are quite the same while the plastic stress σs is different.

Cracking analysis of fracture mechanics by the finite element method of lines(FEMOL)

The Finite Element Method of Lines （FEMOL） is a semi-analytic approach and takes a position between FEM and analytic methods. First, FEMOL in Fracture Mechanics is presented in detail. Then, the method is applied to a set of examples such as edge-crack plate, the central-crack plate, the plate with cracks emanating from a hole under tensile or under combination loads of tensile and bending. Their dimensionless stress distribution, the stress intensify factor （SIF） and crack opening displacement （COD） are obtained, and comparison with known solutions by other methods are reported. It is found that a good accuracy is achieved by FEMOL. The method is successfully modified to remarkably increase the accuracy and reduce convergence difficulties. So it is a very useful and new tool in studying fracture mechanics problems.

STUDY ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE BODIES CONTAINING CRACKS USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF LINES

The three-dimensional finite element method of lines is presented, and the basic processing description of 3D FEMOL in cracking questions is given in detail. Applications to 3D bodies with cracks indicate that good accuracy can be obtained with relatively coarse girds. In particular, application to the tension specimen shows very good agreement with the evaluation of stress intensity factors, which is better than the results of other methods. This implies a considerable potential for using this method in the 3D analysis of finite geometry solids and suggests a possible extension of this technique to nonlinear material behavior.

ANALYSIS OF THE SINGULARITY FOR THE VERTICAL CONTACT PROBLEM OF LINE CRACK-INCLUSION

Taking the short-fiber composite materials as engineering back-ground, utilizing the existing basic solutions of single inclusion and single crack, the plane problem of vertical contact interactions between line crack and rigid line inclusion in infinite plane (matrix) from the viewpoint of crack fracture mechanics is studied. According to boundary conditions, a set of standard Cauchy-type singular integral equations of the problem is obtainable. Besides, singular indexes, stresses and stress intensity factors around the contact point are expressed. Numerical examples are given to provide references to engineering.

Study on Crack Propagation Parameters of Tunnel Lining Structure Based on Peridynamics

The numerical simulation results utilizing the Peridynamics(PD)method reveal that the initial crack and crack propagation of the tunnel concrete lining structure agree with the experimental data compared to the Japanese prototype lining test.The load structure model takes into account the cracking process and distribution of the lining segment under the influence of local bias pressure and lining thickness.In addition,the influence of preset cracks and lining section formon the crack propagation of the concrete lining model is studied.This study evaluates the stability and sustainability of tunnel structure by the Peridynamics method,which provides a reference for the analysis of the causes of lining cracks,and also lays a foundation for the prevention,reinforcement and repair of tunnel lining cracks.

Outlet Temperature Correlation and Prediction of Transfer Line Exchanger in an Industrial Steam Ethylene Cracking Process

Predicting the best shutdown time of a steam ethylene cracking furnace in industrial practice remains a challenge due to the complex coking process. As well known, the shutdown time of a furnace is mainly determined by coking condition of the transfer line exchangers (TLE) when naphtha or other heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks are cracked. In practice, it is difficult to measure the coke thickness in TLE through experimental method in the complex industrial situation. However, the outlet temperature of TLE (TLEOT) can indirectly characterize the coking situation in TLE since the coke accumulation in TLE has great influence on TLEOT. Thus, the TLEOT could be a critical factor in deciding when to shut down the furnace to decoke. To predict the TLEOT, a parametric model was proposed in this work, based on theoretical analysis, mathematic reduction, and parameters estimation. The feasibility of the proposed model was further checked through industrial data and good agreements between model prediction and industrial data with maximum deviation 2% were observed.

钢筋锈蚀作用下隧道衬砌结构力学性能劣化研究

考虑锈蚀引起的钢筋力学性能劣化、混凝土有效截面减少、两者黏结性能退化等因素,建立围岩压力作用下钢筋锈蚀隧道衬砌模型,对不同锈蚀率下衬砌结构变形、损伤、内力重分布和裂缝宽度变化进行分析。研究结果表明,锈蚀对衬砌结构各部位损伤严重程度表现为拱顶>拱肩>拱脚>拱腰>仰拱;锈蚀引起结构内力重分布,当锈蚀率由0%发展到20%时,衬砌结构临空侧受拉处弯矩逐渐减小,围岩侧受拉处的弯矩逐渐增大,衬砌轴力整体变化不大,最大变化量仅为7.53%;拱顶裂缝宽度发展最快,拱肩和拱脚次之,当锈蚀率发展到2.7%时,拱顶最大裂缝宽度已不满足耐久性要求;开裂区钢筋锈蚀对衬砌力学性能劣化起主导作用,仅开裂区钢筋发生锈蚀时,衬砌结构力学性能劣化规律与钢筋全长锈蚀情况类似,但锈蚀导致的内力变化幅度和裂缝宽度减小。

长期运行引水隧洞开裂衬砌受力影响规律与承载特性

衬砌裂缝是引水隧洞中常见的病害之一,衬砌开裂会对隧洞衬砌承载力和安全性造成不同程度的影响。以长期服役的东江水源工程引水隧洞衬砌为研究对象,通过现场检测确定了全洞段裂缝的产状、分布规律和开裂特征。利用ANSYS软件中的软弱薄层单元,建立了开裂衬砌的三维数值模型,得出贯穿型纵向裂缝的位置变化对衬砌结构安全性的影响,系统分析了衬砌的承载特性。结果表明,衬砌开裂条件下,衬砌结构局部开裂区的安全系数降低最为显著,尤其是拱肩位置的裂缝对结构的危害程度远大于边墙、拱顶裂缝;另外,裂缝的产生会对其他未开裂部位的受力特性及稳定性产生影响。数值模拟结果良好地体现了裂损衬砌对隧洞结构的影响规律,与现场检测结果一致,为长期服役下隧洞结构病害防治提供了参考。

ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR AN ECCENTRIC CRACK LOADED BY TWO PAIRS OF ANTI-PLANE POINT FORCES

The improved near crack line analysis method was used to investigate an eccentric cracked plate loaded by two pairs of anti_plane point forces at the crack surface in an elastic_perfectly plastic solid. The analytical solutions of the elastic_plastic stress fields and displacements near the crack line have been found without the assumptions of the small scale yielding. The law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with an external loads and the bearing capacity of an eccentric cracked plate are obtained.

低热硅酸盐水泥水工衬砌混凝土抗裂性文献综述

对低热硅酸盐水泥的技术要求进行阐述,综述了前人对低热水泥进行的宏观微观抗裂性试验,对低热水泥抗裂性方面的研究成果文献进行归纳和总结,对国内外低热水泥在水利工程中的应用和研究现状进行回顾,指出低热水泥在水工衬砌混凝土抗裂性上研究不足,展望未来低热水泥在水工衬砌混凝土中的应用研究前景。

隧道钢筋混凝土防开裂施工技术

由于现有的防开裂施工技术混凝土限制膨胀率高、强度低、裂缝现象严重,为此,开展隧道钢筋混凝土防开裂施工技术研究。在隧道开挖前,搭建复拱钢架支护,运用喷射混凝土填塞缝隙。固结注浆初支围岩,形成环向保护壳。隧道开挖后,洞内反向填充,防止坍塌部位变形破坏,并喷射混凝土修复施工面。运用逐榀环形掏槽预留核心土开挖,将填充材料填入裂缝中,提升混凝土衬砌承载能力。在施工过程中,用防水砂浆整平裂缝表面,定期养护。隧道竣工后,对裂缝衬砌断面进行安全性分析和等级判定。测试结果表明,在隧道施工28 d时,混凝土强度为45 MPa,限制膨胀率为0.045%,符合预期施工效果,裂缝现象得到较好缓解。

THE PRECISE AND NEW ANALYSIS FOR A MODE Ⅲ GROWING CRACK IN AN ELASTIC-PERFECTLY PLASTIC SOLID

The near crack line field analysis method has been used to investigate into Mode III quasistatically propagating crack in an elastic-perfectly plastic material. The significance of this paper is that the usual small scale yielding theory has been broken through. By obtaining the general solutions of the stresses and the displacement rate of the near crack line plastic region, and by matching the general solutions with the precise elastic fields (not the usual elastic K-dominant fields) at the elastic-plastic boundary, the precise and new solutions of the stress and deformation fields, the size of the plastic region and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary have been obtained near the crack line. The solutions of this paper are sufficiently precise near the crack line region because the roughly qualitative assumptions of the small scale yielding theory have not been used and no other roughly qualitative assumptions have been taken, either. The analysis of this paper shows that the assumingly 'steady-state case' for stable crack growth, which has been discussed attentively in previous works, do not exist, and the plastic strains near the crack line do not have singularities, Two most important cases for stable crack growth have been discussed.

火电厂锅炉水冷壁焊缝泄漏失效分析

某12Cr1MoV水冷壁对接焊缝中部出现周向裂纹导致泄漏失效,为调查泄漏失效原因,对焊缝进行了宏观检查、磁粉检测、硬度检验、金相分析、全元素分析和能谱分析,并建立模型分四个阶段讨论了水冷壁焊缝泄漏失效的原因。研究表明:焊缝中夹杂的S元素是焊缝泄漏失效的主要因素,收缩拉应力为偏析在晶界的低熔点共晶物提供了形成沿晶热裂纹的条件,氧气的介入造成热裂纹的局部氧化,实际运行的综合应力使氧化的沿晶热裂纹多点扩展、融合,形成宏观裂纹,最终导致焊缝泄漏失效。