Kinematic Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Eccentric Conjugate Non-circular Gear & Crank-Rocker & Gears Train Weft Insertion Mechanism

A novel weft insertion mechanism named eccentric conjugate non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gears train weft insertion mechanism was proposed in order to better meet the requirements of rapier loom's weft insertion mechanism as well as reduce the manufacturing difficulty. Meanwhile, based on the working principle of this mechanism, kinematical mathematic models of this mechanism were established and an aided analysis and simulation software was compiled. The influences of eccentricity ratio, deformation coefficient, and other important parameters on the kinematics characteristics of this mechanism were analyzed by using the software. A group of preferable parameters which could meet the requirements of weft insertion technology were obtained by means of human-computer interactive optimization method. The maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and variation of acceleration of this mechanism are smaller than those of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism applied on TT96 rapier loom under the conditions of the same unilateral total stroke of rapier head and the same rotary speed of loom spindle; meanwhile the other demands of weaving technology can be met by this novel weft insertion mechanism.

Comparison and analysis of two Coulomb friction models on the dynamic behavior of slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the Coulomb dry friction model versus the modified Coulomb friction model on the dynamic behavior of the slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint. The normal and tangential forces acting on the contact points between the journal and the bearing are described by using a Hertzian-based contact force model and the Coulomb friction models, respectively.The dynamic equations of the mechanism are derived based on the Lagrange equations of the first kind and the Baumgarte stabilization method. The frictional force is solved via the linear complementarity problem(LCP) algorithm and the trial-and-error algorithm.Finally, three numerical examples are given to show the influence of the two Coulomb friction models on the dynamic behavior of the mechanism. Numerical results show that due to the stick friction, the slider-crank mechanism may exhibit stick-slip motion and can balance at some special positions, while the mechanism with ideal joints cannot.

A method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed presses

A new method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed mechanical presses was put forward. By analyzing the kinematic characteristics of a center-located slider-crank mechanism whose crank rotates at a constant angular velocity,the kinematic parameters of the slide,connecting rod and crank were formulated approximately. On the basis of the results above,three inertia forces and the input moment in the mechanism during its idle running were investigated and formulated by dynamic analysis. A verification experiment was performed on a slider-crank mechanism at a high-speed press machine. The forces derived from the established formulas were compared respectively with those obtained by the ADAMS software and the classical method of connecting rod mass substitution. It was experimentally found that the proposed formulas have an improved performance over related earlier techniques. By use of these results,a 1 000 kN 1 250 rpm four-point high-speed press machine was designed and manufactured. The slide of this press is driven by four sets of slider-crank mechanisms with symmetrical layout and opposite rotation directions to counterbalance the horizontal inertia forces. Four eccentric counterbalance blocks were designed to counterbalance the vertical force after their mass and equivalent eccentric radius were formulated. The high-speed press machine designed by the proposed counterbalance method has worked with satisfactory performance and good dynamic balance for more than four years in practical production.

Kinematic Characteristics Analysis and Parametric Solving of Snow Melting Agent Throwing Mechanism with Variable Crank Length

Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Ydirection equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y-direction is comparitively the greatest.

NOVEL METHOD OF REALIZING THE OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION OF THE CRANK-AND-ROCKERMECHANISM DESIGN

A novel method of realizing the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rockermechanism is presented. The optimal combination design is made by finding the related optimaltransmission parameters. The diagram of the optimal transmission is drawn. In the diagram, therelation among mini-mum transmission angle, the coefficient of travel speed variation, theoscillating angle of the rocker and the length of the bars is shown, concisely, conveniently anddirectly. The method possesses the main characteristic. That it is to achieve the optimaltransmission parameters under the transmission angle by directly choosing in the diagram, accordingto the given requirements. The characteristics of the mechanical transmission can be improved togain the optimal transmission effect by the method. Especially, the method is simple and convenientin practical use.

基于Pro/Mechanism的柴油机动力计算

以16V 240柴油机为例,使用美国参数技术公司Pro/Engineer大型设计软件的MDX(Mechanism Design extension)CAE模块进行曲柄连杆机构的动力计算,将MDX计算的结果与理论计算的结果进行比较,并且在曲柄连杆机构动力计算的基础上,进行16V240柴油机输出扭矩的计算.计算结果表明基于Pro/Mechanism的柴油机动力计算的方法切实可行.

A New Design Method for Realizing Accurate Track of Hybrid-driven Five-bar Mechanism

The concept of virtual slider crank mechanism is proposed and decoupled to obtain parameters of controllable five bar mechanism without any principle error for any given trajectory. The model is simple and easy to solve. This method has no convergence,flexible workspace and singularity of the mechanism problem. Through this method,we don’ t need any curve to fit the trajectory point. Using MATLAB program to calculate,the computation time can be reduced to less than 3% of the original. Finally,an example is given to illustrate the method which is meanwhile compared with the traditional five bar design method.

茶园仿生往复式开沟松土机设计与试验

丘陵山区茶园土壤板结、石砾较多,使用传统旋转或移动式开沟机会出现打石跳刀、刀具无法入土、开沟不深、作业阻力大的问题。为此,依据人工铲土具有自发性以最低功耗完成最优作业路径的特点,设计仿人工铲土动作的曲柄摇杆式开沟装置,并研制小型茶园往复式开沟松土机。通过分析人工使用铁锹铲土的动作,建立入土、切土、抛土的运动模型,基于Matlab软件分析得到人工铲土时铁锹锹尖运动轨迹的拟合方程,以此方程为基准,建立曲柄连杆机构的目标函数,结合约束条件解出曲柄摇杆机构结构参数,同时对开沟铲进行开沟阻力分析,确定开沟铲的结构参数。建立Recurdyn和EDEM耦合的开沟铲-土壤互作仿真模型,并进行三因素三水平正交试验,对作业和结构参数进行优化,得到最优参数组合:机器前进速度v为0.06 m/s、曲柄转速n为42 r/min、入土倾角φ为80°。田间试验结果表明,茶园往复式开沟松土机作业平均开沟深度为211.5 mm,开沟功率为0.119 kW,沟深稳定性系数为90.9%,相较于传统旋转式开沟机,开沟功率降低6.3%,沟深稳定性系数提高3.1个百分点,整机作业质量满足茶园农艺要求。

Experimental Study of the Motion Modes of a Planar Mechanical System with Multi-Clearance Revolute Joints

Clearances in joints of a mechanical multibody system can induce impulsive forces, leading to vibrations that compromise the system’s reliability, stability, and lifespan. Through dynamic analysis, designers can investigate the effects of the clearances on the dynamics of the multibody system. A revolute joint with clearance exhibits three motions which are;free-flight, impact and continuous contact motion modes. Therefore, a multibody system with n-number of revolute clearance joints will exhibit 3n motion modes which are a combination of the three motions in each joint. This study investigates experimentally the nine motion modes in a mechanical system with two revolute clearance joints. A slider crank mechanism has been used as the demonstrative example. We observed that the experimental curve exhibits a greater impact compared to the simulation curve. In conclusion, this experimental investigation offers valuable insights into the dynamics of planar mechanical systems with multiple clearance revolute joints. Utilizing a slider-crank mechanism for data acquisition, the study successfully confirmed seven out of nine motion modes previously identified in numerical research. The missing modes are attributed to inherent complexities in real-world systems, such as journal-bearing misalignment.

吊篮式自走移栽机的设计

为保证丘陵地区秧苗实时移栽,提高移栽质量,阐述一种吊篮式自走移栽机行走装置和移栽机构的结构及工作原理。通过分析计算及1∶1的建模,验证行走装置的工作速度和结构布局形式,以及移栽机构各动作的协调性及栽苗质量。根据建模分析的结果,确定设计的主要参数,从而设计出行走机构装置主要部件轮架机构、主驱动变速箱机构、机架、升降机构、水平调节机构及控制装置等,移栽机构主要部件移栽变速箱机构、株距调节机构、曲柄连杆机构、鸭嘴移栽器、自动喂料机构等。通过样机试制和试验,结果表明:该机具可完成移栽株距(260~600 mm)、移栽深度(80~160 mm)可调的目标,工作效率高,同时具有结构合理紧凑、维护方便、操作简单等优点。

插齿机主运动机构的动平衡优化策略

在插齿过程中插齿机由于主运动机构动不平衡产生了不平衡惯性力,从而引起机床振动和噪声。为此,通过对插齿机主运动机构进行平衡分析,计算曲柄旋转一周的曲柄销与连杆的总不平衡量,采用积分求解和均值求解两种优化计算方法,以均方差作为评价指标制定优化策略。插齿机YKW51160主运动机构的平衡量优化实例计算表明,积分优化法与均值优化法计算的平衡块的不平衡量相近,相差不超过0.2 kg·m,积分优化后的不平衡量均方差为0.614,波动更小,减振效果更好。

基于Ansys的曲柄滑块机构的运动学分析在教学课程中的应用

在机械原理的教学中,曲柄滑块机构的设计原理与方法是重点和难点问题,传统的实物实验对曲柄滑块机构的种类、复杂性都有很大的限制,不利于学生对曲柄滑块系统运行规律的掌握。基于此,利用Ansys中的workbench建立了曲柄滑块机构运动仿真模型,通过对模型进行分析设置,对典型曲柄滑块机构进行运动仿真,得出了曲柄滑块机构的位移及应力、应变的分析结果,为机械结构仿真教学提供了有效的方法。

智能手指关节功能康复训练器创新结构设计

因运动、年龄老化等因素导致手指功能损伤患者数量不断增加。针对这类人群进行手指康复器的设计,与传统康复产品相比,具有控制简单、方便、成本相对较低特点。通过分析仿手指运动的自由度,建立了曲柄摇杆机构,可以应用于手指康复器的结构设计;以主要机械构件和手指关节转动角度为参考因素,得出了机构的运动轨迹,在此基础上,得到各机械构件的合理尺寸,从而完成对机械构件的结构设计。通过模拟手指拉伸、弯曲来实现手指的康复功能。通过分析运动的角位移、角速度使得所得的机构更加符合手指的合理运动范围。运动仿真实验表明,该机构能带动手指在一定角度范围进行弯曲拉伸运动,可以满足手指损伤患者的康复训练需求。

一种曲柄连杆式惯容器的力学性能与隔震性能研究

基于惯容器(inerter)的耗能装置近年来受到结构减隔振(震)领域学者的极大关注。该文研究了一种新型惯容器——曲柄连杆式惯容器(CTI)。CTI由曲柄、连杆、齿轮箱和飞轮组成,具有表观质量可调和位移兼容性强等优点。提出了CTI装置与隔震支座在桥梁抗震中的联合布置形式。推导得到了CTI的表观质量解析表达式,及其线性近似条件。对CTI样机开展了不同表观质量及不同工作姿态下的力学性能试验。以一座典型的三跨变截面连续梁桥为例,采用数值方法研究了CTI在桥梁抗震中的参数设计方法并验证了其可靠性。研究结果表明:CTI可简化为线性惯容器的条件为最大变形应小于曲柄长度的0.312倍,连杆长度应大于曲柄长度的1.803倍。力学性能试验得到的表观质量与理论结果基本一致,通过改变曲柄长度可实现表观质量的精确调节,在线性工作范围内连杆工作姿态对表观质量影响不大。将CTI与隔震支座组合使用可在保证不发生落梁的情况下适度放大主墩顶处隔震支座的变形,提高其耗能效果,从而降低桥梁下部结构的地震响应。

吊篮式山地移栽机的设计

【目的】保证丘陵地区秧苗实时移栽,提高秧苗移栽效率与移栽质量,实现移栽机械化。【方法】课题组结合我国现代种植农艺要求和不同种植区域的特点,开发设计了一种吊篮式山地移栽机,详细阐述了该吊篮式山地移栽机整机工作原理及移栽变速箱机构、株距调节机构、曲柄连杆机构、鸭嘴移栽器、自动喂料机构等主要部件的结构设计,并通过1∶1的建模及样机试制,在许昌烟草分公司进行了实地实验。【结果】该机具可一次性完成秧苗预装、垄打孔、秧苗移栽、覆土镇压等多道工序,且移栽深度、漏栽率、株距变异系数都在标准要求范围内,移栽质量完全满足烟草移栽的农艺要求。【结论】该机具具有作业效率高、移栽深度一致性好、转弯半径小、操作方便等优势,适合于多种小角度倾斜地形和多种类型不同株距作物的移栽,可满足丘陵地块规模化烟草移栽工序的农艺要求。

巴斯噶蜗线齿轮-曲柄滑块式引纬机构设计

为了优化引纬机构性能,在现有引纬机构的基础上进行了创新研究,提出了一种巴斯噶蜗线齿轮-曲柄滑块组合传动的新型引纬机构。为便于分析新型引纬机构的运动特性,基于数值分析和几何图形建立了该机构的运动学数学模型,并利用MatLab建立了该引纬机构的可视化设计分析平台。为分析各设计参数对该引纬机构的运动特性的影响,以剑带加速度为优化目标,利用正交试验优化方法对该机构进行优化分析,得出展长与发生圆直径比值、连杆长度与曲柄长度比值和传剑轮半径这3个参数对引纬运动规律有较大影响;变性系数和丝杠螺距则影响不大。研究结果可为全面研究引纬机构运动特性提供参考意见。

基于SimMechanics的曲柄滑块机构运动分析

简要介绍了SimMechanics动态仿真工具 ,提出了运用仿真技术对曲柄滑块机构进行运动分析的方法。通过实例得出 :它具有系统建模方便直观、仿真功能强大 ,自动模型分析等强大优势 ,可很好地对机械系统的各种运动进行分析 ,从而为机械系统的建模仿真提供一个强大而方便的工具。

高承载曲轴用34CrNiMo6钢调质处理工艺强韧化机理研究

针对高承载曲轴需要高强塑性匹配的要求,选用34CrNiMo6钢并进行调质热处理,研究淬、回火温度对合金钢力学性能的影响规律,建立工艺-组织-性能的匹配关系,揭示合金钢调质热处理后强韧化机理。得出结论为:回火温度一定时,随着淬火温度升高,34CrNiMo6钢硬度、强度是逐渐小幅下降,伸长率先增加后减少,并在860℃时达到峰值,冲击功则逐渐增加。淬火温度一定时,随回火温度增加,硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度呈现出先降低后增加最后又降低的趋势,伸长率和冲击功呈现出先增加后减小的抛物线形态。在580℃回火,硬度、强度达到小高峰,伸长率获得最大值,冲击功比560℃时的最大值略有下降。当回火温度超过600℃时,各项性能急剧下降。因此,34CrNiMo6钢的最佳调质工艺为:860℃淬火+580℃回火,其强韧化机理与索氏体的细化程度和残余奥氏体含量及变形过程组织中的位错密度有关。

基于simmechanics的曲柄压力机机构仿真分析

曲柄压力机是利用曲柄连杆机构完成材料成形的设备,利用simmechanics建立曲柄连杆机构的仿真模型,对其进行运动学和动力学仿真,可以得到机构各组成部分的运动和动力数据,避免了解析法的建立数学模型及编程的繁琐过程,具有快捷、准确、直观的特点,同时也为机构的优化设计提供了重要的参考依据。