Protection of Women’s Rights in the National Governance of Contemporary China

The development of women’s rights is a specific field in modern national governance.The essence of women-related issues in modern times lies in the political and legal systems based on gender inequality and the unequal male-female relationship established by male chauvinism,which has further created domination over and prejudice against women.Since the founding of the New China,especially after the launch of reform and opening-up,the Communist party of China and the state have attached great importance to the protection of gender equality,bringing about the continued improvement of the protection of women’s rights.However,due to various economic and social barriers,there is still a long way to go to achieve full gender equality.To understand the issue of women’s rights from the perspective of national governance and apply the concept of modern national governance to the protection of women’s rights,it is imperative to pay great attention to the substantive equality concept in the protection of women’s right during the national governance process,take empowering women as an important approach,raise women’s gender equality awareness,and recognize,grant,enhance and guarantee women’s individual rights.

Human Rights and Development:China's Contributions Based on a Larger Concept of Human Rights

The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.

The Analysis of the Governance Effect of Chinese Public Corporation Based on Capital Structure

Under the existed system, the capital structure is the basis of the corporate governance, the structure of the corporate governance is the reflection of the capital structure. The choice of the capital structure decides the level of the corporate governance to a great degree. This paper discusses the governance effect of Chinese public corporation in the view of capital structure. At last, the author suggests that the government should change the state of state-owned stock which takes a great proportion, make the state-owned stocks and corporation stocks enter and circulate in the market, develop investment banks, promote the stockholder＇s rights to circulate and recombine, enhance the supervision and the management of the stock markets, perfect the mechanism of the market＇s operation, set up the mechanism of the way to protect to pay back the debt, perfect the system of bankruptcy and develop the way of bond-financing, offset the drawbacks of the indirect-financing among banks and so on. All of the advice was given to perfect the public company＇s capital structure and improve the efficiency of the corporate governance.

On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System

I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China＇s protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system

Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

债权治理评价、企业特征与成长性——基于中国中小上市公司的实证研究

债权治理处于公司治理体系的内核,债权治理评价是公司治理系列评价的重要受体。本文在对国内外文献进行评述的基础上,从债权治理视角构建中国中小上市公司债权治理评价指数,并籍此从偿债能力、债务融资、资产期限、债务期限四个基本纬度以及不同企业特征因素等视角对205家中小上市公司样本进行治理状况实证研究。同时,结合中小上市公司成长性评价体系,对两种评价指数进行综合相关性和回归研究。结果显示债权治理状况总体偏低,不同所有制下有较大差异,债权治理水平与公司成长性呈现倒U型关系。高偿债、低债务融资不利于公司成长,债务期限和资产期限结构的不平衡使其对成长性影响不显著。公司规模、质量和实际所得税率是影响债权治理水平和企业成长性的重要特征因素。

中国职业体育组织产权制度创新

运用社会调查和文献资料研究方法,依据现代产权理论,借鉴美国和欧洲职业体育组织产权制度的成功经验,提出单项运动协会逐渐退出联赛的经营权,控制权。最终退出其对职业联赛的所有权;建立职业体育俱乐部"利益相关者"的公司治理结构。

债权治理机制、企业特征与成长性——来自中国中小上市公司的经验证据

本文以中国中小上市公司2002～2005年的经验数据为样本，采用结构方程模型探讨了债权治理机制的4个主要维度：偿债能力、债务融资程度、资产期限、债务期限，并对债权治理机制、企业特征因素与企业成长性的关系进行了理论和实证分析。结果显示，中小企业债权综合治理机制对企业成长并没有产生应有的促进效用，其中偿债能力与企业成长性负相关；资产期限结构的影响作用不显著；债务融资和债务期限结构对企业成长有促进作用；企业特征的异质性显著影响债权治理水平和企业成长性。

中小企业债权治理评价与成长性研究——来自中国中小上市公司的经验证据

债权治理处于公司治理体系的内核,债权治理评价是公司治理系列评价的重要受体。本文在对国内外文献进行评述的基础上,构建中国中小上市公司债权治理评价指数,并籍此从偿债能力、债务融资、资产期限、债务期限四个纬度对205家中小上市公司样本的治理状况进行分析评价,并从不同企业特征因素的视角,对债权治理状况进行分组研究。同时,匹配中小上市公司成长性评价体系,对两类指数进行综合相关性和回归研究。结果显示债权治理总体状况偏低,不同所有制下有较大差异,债权治理与公司成长性呈倒U型关系。高偿债、低债务融资均不利于公司成长,债务期限和资产期限结构的不平衡使其对成长性影响不显著。公司规模、公司质量和实际所得税率是影响债权治理水平和公司成长性的重要特征因素。

财务动态治理结构论纲

以不完全契约中之完备部分与不完备部分为标准,财权可以划分为基于企业公平的"通用财权"范畴和基于企业效率的"剩余财权"范畴;在此基础上,财务治理可分解为基于企业公平的财务静态治理和基于企业效率的财务动态治理。财务动态治理结构强调财权配置的效率性,侧重关注剩余财权占主导的财权配置。财务动态治理结构主要体现为财务资本结构的调整、改善及其动态优化,具体包括资本结构动态优化、股权结构动态优化和债权结构动态优化。

治理抑或风险:负债融资与公司内部控制

近年频发的食品安全和财务舞弊事件,暴露了我国上市公司内部控制的缺失。以我国2009—2018年沪深上市公司为样本,考察负债融资对公司内部控制的影响。研究发现:负债融资与公司内部控制水平显著负相关。考虑到债务主体异质性后发现,相对于供应商债权,银行债权对公司内部控制的负向影响更为显著。进一步地,负债融资通过降低经营绩效,实现对公司内部控制的负向影响。

银行公司治理:基于债权治理的研究

以银行公司治理与传统公司治理的不同作为切入点,对银行债权治理的特殊性进行分析,认为银行的债权治理缺失和监管问题正是由这些特殊性所引起的。针对这些问题,根据相关的公司治理理论,提出政府的行政干预和保护是商业银行债权治理机制缺失的根本原因,应当建立合理的内部制约机制和完善的外部监管体系,以改进商业银行的公司治理。

地方政府考核：双重委托人失效及其政策含义

用公共选择理论、委托代理理论和信息经济学的相关理论重新解释地方政府考核失效,基本结论是公共选择制度失效使地方公众丧失了地方政府委托人的身份和考核地方政府的发言权,中央政府不得不成为地方政府的整体委托人,高昂的信息成本却阻碍中央政府成为有效率的、甚至胜任的委托人,这是地方政府考核失效的根源。地方政府控制权过度膨胀和不断扩张导致地方政府本位利益最大化过程中的机会主义难以被有效遏制,产权约束对地方政府而言在很大程度上处于失效状态,以中央政府为委托人的地方政府考核失效被进一步放大。地方政府考核失效集中反映出我国政治经济体制基本面上的深层次问题,地方政府考核是否改进,也是下一步体制改革在关键领域能否有所突破的试金石。

债权基本权能略论

债权正常态势下依本旨实现时的实行权能、在存在危险和不能全面实现时的保全和救济权能及将债权作整体考虑时的处分权能,是最能体现债权性质的基本权能。债权会出现权能扩张、限制和缺省,基此债权有完全与不完全之别,债法体系应在权能统一基础上构建。实行权能含请求、受领和保有权能,保有在探索所有权来源上是债的权能,否认受领是债权权能的区分模式使债权无法实现利益转化,财产流转秩序将不再依据债权法权形式转而倚重物权行为。保全权能体现为撤销或代位权能,在围绕债务人财产存在一定比例关系下得实施保全,实施救济权能时请求权由原生性转化为救济性,实现与债权依本旨实现带来的利益不同的交换价值需借助处分权能。

人力资本所有权与债权——论运动员与投资者的权利

运用法学、新制度经济学理论对专业运动员人力资本进行研究,认为投资主体多元化不能改变运动员人力资本所有权的私有性质,非载体投资者通过投资获得的并非运动员人力资本的所有权而是债权,即运动员人力资本的部分使用权、收益权、处置权等。据此,对运动员人力资本使用权、收益权、处置权的二元归属进行诠释,并提出了相应的建议。

论公司治理中债权人治理权的前置

中国企业的债权人的"人权"状况令人堪忧,债权人权益屡遭侵犯。《破产法》对债权人权益的保护侧重事后,是在债权人权益已经遭受很大损失的前提下的一种亡羊补牢之术。债权人权益屡遭侵犯的原因涉及社会因素、体制因素和法制因素等,但关键是债权人与企业之间的信息不对称。保护债权人权益的根本途径是使债权人参与公司治理并使治理权由事后转向事前。

地役权在中国乡村旅游开发管理中的应用研究

针对中国乡村旅游开发管理中普遍存在的景区"需役"有偿性与社区"供役"负担之补偿的无法可循问题,运用地役权法律制度,在阐释地役权内涵及其应用于乡村旅游的法理及实践逻辑基础上,主张通过"旅游吸引物观赏地役权"类型的拓展应用,以及社区参与下地役权价值的评估、地役权合同的订立、地役权登记制度的健全及旅游相关法律制度的完善等保障机制,以进一步挖掘地役权在乡村旅游开发管理中的潜在功用,使社区"供役"之债权性保障实现有法可依。

债务融资治理效应的实证评析

债务融资对于降低公司代理人成本、传达公司质量信号和争夺公司控制权都具有重要的债权治理作用。通过对近期债务融资治理实证研究成果进行的梳理和分析表明,包括中国在内的发展中国家普遍存在着债务融资治理功能缺失或低效率。由于该结论是基于财务杠杆作为唯一治理变量得出的,使其对于债务融资治理低效率的原因解释不够充分。今后应重视债权与股权治理的互动关系以及财务杠杆的内生性等问题的研究。