Prevalence, Pattern and Factors Associated with Psychiatric Disorders among Persons Arrested for Violent Crimes in Ife/Modakeke Area, Southwestern Nigeria

Background: Association between violence and mental disorders has contributed immensely to the stigma associated with mental illness in the society;because people erroneously see mentally ill individuals as dangerous, they will not want to associate with them. Aims: To assess the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders among a sample of the violent offenders and to examine any relationship between psychiatric disorders and crimes. Method: This was a two-phase cross-sectional study in three police stations in Ile-Ife/Modakeke area of Nigeria. In the first phase, we screened 400 consecutive adults arrested for violent crimes using the General Health Questionnaire—30. In the second phase, all 36 persons with probable psychopathology were then interviewed with the Present State Examination to make a definitive diagnosis. Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 29.9 years (SD ± 7.3). The male to female ratio was 11:1. Respondents were mostly single (54%);most had secondary education or less (82%) and about 60% were currently using psychoactive substances (drugs). About 8.5% of all the subjects had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder;paranoid schizophrenia was the commonest psychiatric disorder (41.2%). Mentally ill subjects were three times more likely to commit homicidal offence than non-mentally ill subjects. Conclusion: There exists a significant but weak relationship between mental illness and violent crimes.

GIS Based Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Crimes, a Case Study of Mardan City, Pakistan

This paper is aimed to study the crime with special reference to its spatial and temporal distribution. It also tries to analyze and estimates the impact of weather on the prevalence of criminal activity in Mardan City. Studying the crimes with reference to its spatial and temporal distribution is important because information about the occurrence of crime is one of the most crucial tools in combating crime. It allows understanding how crimes are distributed through space, and hence can help in combating them. The Geographical Information System is an important tool for dealing with spatial and temporal analysis and thus fighting crime. The advent of desktop computers has significantly increased the role of computer mapping. The availability of user-friendly GIS applications has further increased the use of GIS in crime mapping. For the present study the data was collected about homicide and aggressive assaults from all the three police stations covering Mardan City. The collected data was analyzed under different scenarios. The temporal based analysis of data reveals that almost 50% crimes reported in 2009, took place from May-September (summer) compared to 32% in winter (October to February). The spatial analysis of data reveals 05 hotspots. Sikindary area was identified as the most crucial hotspot where within a 05 km radius, 11 crimes were committed in 2009 followed by Kalpani Bridge area from where a total of 10 crimes of aggressive nature were reported. Similarly police station wise the City Police Station accounts for 47% of the aggressive crimes committed in 2009.

Bleeding Wounds: Japanese Denial of War Crimes and Effects on Human Rights

Japanese aggressive war committed extremely serious crimes, which brought miserable experiences and damage to Asian people including Chinese. Undoubtedly war crimes committed by the government and the army of Japan were the violation of human rights physically and emotionally. However, Japan refused to admit these crimes and even made excuses postwar, which constituted further violation of human rights. If Japan respected human rights, took the responsibility and apologized for what they’ve done, it would help those nations recover from trauma and contribute to build more peaceful relationships among nations.

China Has No Leniency on Drug Crimes

ＣｈｉｎａＨａｓＮｏＬｅｎｉｅｎｃｙｏｎＤｒｕｇＣｒｉｍｅｓＴＨＥＧＬＯＢＡＬｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｄｒｕｇａｂｕｓｅａｎｄｄｒｕｇｔｒａｆｆｉｃｋｉｎｇｔｈｒｅａｔｅｎｓｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙａｎｄｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｔｈｅ...

A Comparative Study between the Jordanian and Omani Digital Crimes Law

The nature of crime has dramatically changed after the revolution of the new digital era. It is no longer based on violence but on the criminal computer abilities and technical expertise. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison between the Jordanian digital law 2015 and the Omani information technology digital crime law 2010. The results of this study indicate that the Jordanian Digital law requires some enhancements in order to cope with the trends of the ever-changing nature of the digital crimes.

Addressing Japan’s disposal of nuclear-contaminated water from the perspective of international human rights law

The discharge of nuclear-contaminated water containing radionuclides into the ocean by Japan will lead to its integration into the entire ecosystem through processes of circulation and biomagnification,eventually entering the human body via the food chain.This poses a substantial risk of irreversible damage to both the ecosystem and human health,a situation that will worsen with the ongoing discharge of such water.The respect and protection of human rights represent an international consensus,and safeguarding fundamental human rights is a substantial obligation that states must undertake in accordance with both international and domestic law.Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster,Japan has continuously violated its international legal obligations to protect human rights in several areas,including the resettlement of disaster victims,the reduction of nuclear radiation levels,and the handling of contaminated water.Such actions have compromised and will continue to compromise the basic human rights of not only its citizens but also those of people worldwide,including environmental rights,the right to life,development rights,and food rights.In the aftermath of the Fukushima meltdown,the public and workers involved in handling nuclear contaminants have been continually exposed to high radiation levels,endangering their rights to life,development,and health.Japan’s inadequate efforts in victim resettlement and environmental restoration have jeopardized the environmental and food rights of its citizens to live healthily and access food in an environment unaffected by nuclear radiation.The release of nuclear-contaminated water poses a risk of Japan’s nuclear pollution to the people of neighboring countries and the global population at large.The principle of human rights underpins the theory of a community with a shared future for humanity,and human rights are a crucial area of China’s active participation in United Nations affairs and global governance.By voicing concerns over Japan’s potential human rights violations globally,China demonstrates its role as a responsible major country.In response to Japan’s breach of legal obligations and human rights violations,China can adopt a reasoned and beneficial approach,including calling on the international community to hold Japan criminally accountable for crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute and advancing scholarly discussions on ecocide and crimes against the marine environment.Furthermore,China should persist in seeking advisory opinions from the International Court of Justice and strive for substantive accountability,utilizing the mechanisms of international human rights organizations to make its voice heard.

基于CRIME理论的^(*)ST宜生财务舞弊案例研究

资本市场不断完善对我国经济发展起到重要的推动作用,但同时财务舞弊事件也层出不穷。上市公司财务舞弊行为严重侵害了投资者权益,扰乱了我国资本市场的正常运行,不利于社会经济健康发展。运用CRIME理论,分别从造假行为人、造假手段、造假动因、监督机制、造假结果5个方面对^(*)ST宜生财务舞弊事件进行分析,厘清了财务舞弊的来龙去脉,并针对性地从公司、会计师事务所和监管机制3个角度提供启示,希望对相关主体具有借鉴意义,减少财务舞弊行为的发生,肃清资本市场不良风气。

Spatial prediction of sparse events using a discrete global grid system;a case study of hate crimes in the USA

Spatial prediction of any geographic phenomenon can be an intractable problem.Predicting sparse and uncertain spatial events related to many influencing factors necessitates the integration of multiple data sources.We present an innovative approach that combines data in a Discrete Global Grid System(DGGS)and uses machine learning for analysis.A DGGS provides a structured input for multiple types of spatial data,consistent over multiple scales.This data framework facilitates the training of an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to map and predict a phenomenon.Spatial lag regression models(SLRM)are used to evaluate and rank the outputs of the ANN.In our case study,we predict hate crimes in the USA.Hate crimes get attention from mass media and the scientific community,but data on such events is sparse.We trained the ANN with data ingested in the DGGS based on a 50%sample of hate crimes as identified by the Southern Poverty Law Center(SPLC).Our spatial prediction is up to 78%accurate and verified at the state level against the independent FBI hate crime statistics with a fit of 80%.The derived risk maps are a guide to action for policy makers and law enforcement.

从CRIME理论看公司财务造假

随着经济的飞速发展,我国上市公司数量逐年增加,但并不是所有的上市公司都能够保持持续盈利或者在行业中占据主导地位,财务造假严重影响着正常的经济运作规律,给社会带来巨大的危害。本文从CRIME理论五个因素出发,以中信国安公司财务造假为案例,对该公司造假者、造假手段、造假动机、监管机制、最终后果进行探究,从中寻找启示。

Enhancing Cybersecurity Competency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A Fuzzy Decision-Making Approach

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA)has achieved significant milestones in cybersecurity.KSA has maintained solid regulatorymechanisms to prevent,trace,and punish offenders to protect the interests of both individual users and organizations from the online threats of data poaching and pilferage.The widespread usage of Information Technology(IT)and IT Enable Services(ITES)reinforces securitymeasures.The constantly evolving cyber threats are a topic that is generating a lot of discussion.In this league,the present article enlists a broad perspective on how cybercrime is developing in KSA at present and also takes a look at some of the most significant attacks that have taken place in the region.The existing legislative framework and measures in the KSA are geared toward deterring criminal activity online.Different competency models have been devised to address the necessary cybercrime competencies in this context.The research specialists in this domain can benefit more by developing a master competency level for achieving optimum security.To address this research query,the present assessment uses the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(Fuzzy-DMTAEL),Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(F.AHP),and Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology to achieve segment-wise competency development in cyber security policy.The similarities and differences between the three methods are also discussed.This cybersecurity analysis determined that the National Cyber Security Centre got the highest priority.The study concludes by perusing the challenges that still need to be examined and resolved in effectuating more credible and efficacious online security mechanisms to offer amoreempowered ITES-driven economy for SaudiArabia.Moreover,cybersecurity specialists and policymakers need to collate their efforts to protect the country’s digital assets in the era of overt and covert cyber warfare.

基于CRIME理论视角下东方金钰财务舞弊分析

近年来,随着资本市场的不断完善,我国经济得到了高速发展,但与此同时伴随着上市公司财务舞弊行为的频繁发生,这不仅极大损害了投资者的利益,还严重影响了资本市场的诚信机制。因此,对上市公司财务舞弊行为进行有效识别与采取防范手段极为重要。本文以东方金钰财务造假案件为例,运用CRIME理论,分别从舞弊行为人、舞弊手段、舞弊动因、监管机制、舞弊结果五个方面对东方金钰财务舞弊事件进行分析,并针对这五个方面提出有关的建议。希望对相关研究具有借鉴意义,以减少财务舞弊行为的发生。

Hourly Wage and the Likelihood of Stealing an Item

Researchers have extensively explored the impact of wages on individuals’ decisions to engage in property crimes. While most of these studies in the past have relied on macro-level data to investigate the relationship between crime rates and hourly wages, this paper takes a novel approach by utilizing micro-level data to examine the influence of hourly wages on the likelihood of stealing an item valued at least $50. The results obtained from the estimations reveal that an increase in hourly wage leads to a decrease in the probability of theft, all other factors being held constant. Further estimation by gender revealed that hourly wages given to both male and female have no bearing on the decision to steal. Additionally, the analysis of the differences in theft probabilities across gender and race demonstrates that males consistently exhibit a higher likelihood of engaging in theft when compared to females across various racial groups.

基于CRIME理论的财务舞弊问题研究——以Z公司为例

随着数字经济和互联网的兴起,上市公司财务舞弊现象层出不穷。本文基于CRIME理论,从财务的舞弊者、舞弊手段、舞弊动机、舞弊监管机制、舞弊结果五个方面系统分析了Z公司的财务舞弊案例,从内部防范、人员素质、外部监管三个方面提出了建议,希望对资本市场的完善有所启示。

Unveiling Global Human Trafficking Trends: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.

Can Security Cameras On Public Buses Help Curb Onboard Crimes?

The traf fic authority ofGuangzhou, capital of south China’s Guangdong Province ,recently announced that videocamer as would be installed in every city bus in order to assist with commuter safety .

Mine Crimes

A deadly ore mine accident in Shanxi Province is a shocking reminder about the grim reality of the country’s mining

For Some Victims of Crimes, the Fear Never Leaves

Blossom Jackson will never forget that No-vember night when-at 10 minutes to 9-hersister-m-law pounded on the door of her smallBrooklyn house screaming, "They’ve killed Jack-son." "I remember thinking, ’No. No. It’s notJackson, it’s not my husband, it’s not my Jackson,’"she said. "But it was. He was lying in the street,right across from our house. The police said aman shot him over a parking space." Thousands of New Yorkers have had

Detection and Mapping of Violent Crime Hotspots in Southwestern Nigeria

The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.

基于CRIME理论的财务舞弊案例分析——以康美药业为例

康美药业财务舞弊案作为A股史上最大的财务舞弊案,一直备受市场关注。文章基于CRIME理论,从舞弊行为人、舞弊手段、舞弊激励、监管机制、结果五个方面系统全面地分析了康美药业财务舞弊案,并从内部监管与外部监管两方面提出建议。