Two-level totem-pole power factor correction(PFC)converters in critical conduction mode(CRM)suffer from the wide regulation range of switching frequency.Besides,in highfrequency applications,the number of switching ti...Two-level totem-pole power factor correction(PFC)converters in critical conduction mode(CRM)suffer from the wide regulation range of switching frequency.Besides,in highfrequency applications,the number of switching times increases,resulting in significant switching losses.To solve these issues,this paper proposes an improved modulation strategy for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped(NPC)converter in CRM with PFC.By optimizing the discharging strategy and switching state sequence,the switching frequency and its variation range have been efficiently reduced.The detailed performance analysis is also presented regarding the switching frequency,the average switching times,and the effect of voltage gain.A 2 k W prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy and analysis results.Compared with the totem-pole PFC converter,the switching frequency regulation range of the three-level PFC converter is reduced by 36.48%and the average switching times is reduced by 45.10%.The experimental result also shows a 1.2%higher efficiency for the three-level PFC converter in the full load range.展开更多
According to the fact that the actual inductor and actual capacitor are fractional, the mathematical and state-space averaging models of fractional order Buck converters in continuous conduction mode(CCM) are construc...According to the fact that the actual inductor and actual capacitor are fractional, the mathematical and state-space averaging models of fractional order Buck converters in continuous conduction mode(CCM) are constructed by using fractional calculus theory. Firstly, the parameter conditions that ensure that the converter working in CCM is given and transfer functions are derived. Also, the inductor current and the output voltage are analyzed. Then the difference between the mathematical model and the circuit model are analyzed, and the effect of fractional order is studied by comparing the integer order with fractional order model. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the current-controlled Buck converter is investigated. Simulation experiments are achieved via the use of Matlab/Simulink. The experimental results verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, the order should be taken as a significant parameter. When the order is taken as a bifurcation parameter, the dynamic behavior of the converter will be affected and bifurcation points will be changed as order varies.展开更多
Shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test and newly designed electrically conductive adhesive method were used to measure shear crack sub-critical propagation time and rate of sandstone specimen.Different cubic specimens ...Shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test and newly designed electrically conductive adhesive method were used to measure shear crack sub-critical propagation time and rate of sandstone specimen.Different cubic specimens with and without holes were tested to study the effect of holes on the shear crack sub-critical propagation.Numerical and experimental results show that three independent variables of hole,the interval distance S,the distance between the center of hole and the crack tip L,and hole radius R,have different contribution to the ratio of stress intensity factor of the specimen with holes to that of the specimen without hole,KⅡ/KⅡ0.Increasing S and decreasing L and R will result in the decrease of KⅡ/KⅡ0 and help crack arrest.The weight relation of the independent variables for KⅡ/KⅡ0 is S>L>R.The specimen DH3 with the largest value of S and the smallest values of L and R has the longest sub-critical crack propagation time and the smallest sub-critical crack propagation rate.Adding two suitable holes symmetrically to the original crack plane in rock specimen is considered to be a potential method for crack arrest of rock.展开更多
In-plane shear crack sub-critical propagation of rock at high temperature was studied by finite element method and shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test with newly designed electrically conductive adhesive method.Nume...In-plane shear crack sub-critical propagation of rock at high temperature was studied by finite element method and shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test with newly designed electrically conductive adhesive method.Numerical and experimental results show that the normalized shear(Mode Ⅱ) stress intensity factors,K ⅡT/KT0 is decreased as the temperature increases because high temperature can improve stress distribution at crack tip and reduce the Mode Ⅱ stress intensity factor.Microscopic features of fractured surface are of little pits and secondary micro-cracks in the vicinity(1.5-4.0 mm) of the crack tip.The chevron-shape secondary cracks gradually merge in the length of about 4-5 mm and disappear along the direction of crack propagation.Stable shear crack propagation time is increased with the increasing temperature while the stable shear crack propagation rate is decreased with the increasing temperature,since high temperature can increase the shear(Mode Ⅱ) fracture toughness and prevent the crack growth.It is necessary to ensure the ligament of specimen long enough to measure the maximum unstable crack propagation rate of rock.展开更多
为研究减小单电感双输出(single-inductor dual-output,SIDO)Buck变换器输出支路间交叉影响的控制方法,该文以工作于电感电流连续导电模式(continue conduction mode,CCM)的SIDO Buck变换器为研究对象,描述其工作原理和开关状态,推导出...为研究减小单电感双输出(single-inductor dual-output,SIDO)Buck变换器输出支路间交叉影响的控制方法,该文以工作于电感电流连续导电模式(continue conduction mode,CCM)的SIDO Buck变换器为研究对象,描述其工作原理和开关状态,推导出状态空间平均模型,并建立了SIDO CCM Buck变换器的功率级小信号模型。在此基础上,提出电容电流–电容电压纹波控制(capacitor current and capacitor voltage ripple controlled,CCVR) SIDO CCM Buck变换器,对其控制原理进行阐述,并建立了小信号模型。进一步地,分析了变换器输出支路间的交叉影响。结果表明:相比传统峰值电流型控制(peak current mode controlled,PCM) SIDO CCM Buck变换器,CCVR SIDO CCM Buck变换器可有效减小输出支路间的交叉影响。最后,由设计的CCVR SIDO CCM Buck变换器实验电路,验证了理论分析的正确性。展开更多
基于电感电流临界导通模式(critical conduction mode,CRM)的控制型软开关技术可实现开关管零电压开通(zero voltage switching,ZVS),但传统恒定电流复位方法的反向电流大,开关管通态损耗高。文中以单相三电平中点箝位型(three-level ne...基于电感电流临界导通模式(critical conduction mode,CRM)的控制型软开关技术可实现开关管零电压开通(zero voltage switching,ZVS),但传统恒定电流复位方法的反向电流大,开关管通态损耗高。文中以单相三电平中点箝位型(three-level neutral point clamped,3L-NPC)逆变器为研究对象,提出一种具有最小电感复位电流的控制方法。首先,分析开关管ZVS的实现条件,建立谐振等效电路分析模型,推导出电感复位电流理论最小值,在保证整个工频周期内开关管ZVS的同时,降低复位电流导致的开关管通态损耗。然后,建立逆变器损耗分析模型,将文中方法与传统恒定电流复位方法进行损耗计算与对比。最后,搭建一台1 kW的单相3L-NPC逆变器样机进行实验,结果表明文中方法相比于传统恒定电流复位方法,降低了损耗,最高变换效率提升约0.5个百分点。展开更多
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177193)in part by China Scholarship Council(CSC)State Scholarship Fund International Clean Energy Talent Project(No.[2019]157)。
文摘Two-level totem-pole power factor correction(PFC)converters in critical conduction mode(CRM)suffer from the wide regulation range of switching frequency.Besides,in highfrequency applications,the number of switching times increases,resulting in significant switching losses.To solve these issues,this paper proposes an improved modulation strategy for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped(NPC)converter in CRM with PFC.By optimizing the discharging strategy and switching state sequence,the switching frequency and its variation range have been efficiently reduced.The detailed performance analysis is also presented regarding the switching frequency,the average switching times,and the effect of voltage gain.A 2 k W prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy and analysis results.Compared with the totem-pole PFC converter,the switching frequency regulation range of the three-level PFC converter is reduced by 36.48%and the average switching times is reduced by 45.10%.The experimental result also shows a 1.2%higher efficiency for the three-level PFC converter in the full load range.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.61201227)
文摘According to the fact that the actual inductor and actual capacitor are fractional, the mathematical and state-space averaging models of fractional order Buck converters in continuous conduction mode(CCM) are constructed by using fractional calculus theory. Firstly, the parameter conditions that ensure that the converter working in CCM is given and transfer functions are derived. Also, the inductor current and the output voltage are analyzed. Then the difference between the mathematical model and the circuit model are analyzed, and the effect of fractional order is studied by comparing the integer order with fractional order model. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the current-controlled Buck converter is investigated. Simulation experiments are achieved via the use of Matlab/Simulink. The experimental results verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, the order should be taken as a significant parameter. When the order is taken as a bifurcation parameter, the dynamic behavior of the converter will be affected and bifurcation points will be changed as order varies.
基金Project(50374073) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1343-77239) supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Central South University,China
文摘Shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test and newly designed electrically conductive adhesive method were used to measure shear crack sub-critical propagation time and rate of sandstone specimen.Different cubic specimens with and without holes were tested to study the effect of holes on the shear crack sub-critical propagation.Numerical and experimental results show that three independent variables of hole,the interval distance S,the distance between the center of hole and the crack tip L,and hole radius R,have different contribution to the ratio of stress intensity factor of the specimen with holes to that of the specimen without hole,KⅡ/KⅡ0.Increasing S and decreasing L and R will result in the decrease of KⅡ/KⅡ0 and help crack arrest.The weight relation of the independent variables for KⅡ/KⅡ0 is S>L>R.The specimen DH3 with the largest value of S and the smallest values of L and R has the longest sub-critical crack propagation time and the smallest sub-critical crack propagation rate.Adding two suitable holes symmetrically to the original crack plane in rock specimen is considered to be a potential method for crack arrest of rock.
基金Project(50374073) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1343-77239) supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Central South University,China
文摘In-plane shear crack sub-critical propagation of rock at high temperature was studied by finite element method and shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test with newly designed electrically conductive adhesive method.Numerical and experimental results show that the normalized shear(Mode Ⅱ) stress intensity factors,K ⅡT/KT0 is decreased as the temperature increases because high temperature can improve stress distribution at crack tip and reduce the Mode Ⅱ stress intensity factor.Microscopic features of fractured surface are of little pits and secondary micro-cracks in the vicinity(1.5-4.0 mm) of the crack tip.The chevron-shape secondary cracks gradually merge in the length of about 4-5 mm and disappear along the direction of crack propagation.Stable shear crack propagation time is increased with the increasing temperature while the stable shear crack propagation rate is decreased with the increasing temperature,since high temperature can increase the shear(Mode Ⅱ) fracture toughness and prevent the crack growth.It is necessary to ensure the ligament of specimen long enough to measure the maximum unstable crack propagation rate of rock.
文摘为研究减小单电感双输出(single-inductor dual-output,SIDO)Buck变换器输出支路间交叉影响的控制方法,该文以工作于电感电流连续导电模式(continue conduction mode,CCM)的SIDO Buck变换器为研究对象,描述其工作原理和开关状态,推导出状态空间平均模型,并建立了SIDO CCM Buck变换器的功率级小信号模型。在此基础上,提出电容电流–电容电压纹波控制(capacitor current and capacitor voltage ripple controlled,CCVR) SIDO CCM Buck变换器,对其控制原理进行阐述,并建立了小信号模型。进一步地,分析了变换器输出支路间的交叉影响。结果表明:相比传统峰值电流型控制(peak current mode controlled,PCM) SIDO CCM Buck变换器,CCVR SIDO CCM Buck变换器可有效减小输出支路间的交叉影响。最后,由设计的CCVR SIDO CCM Buck变换器实验电路,验证了理论分析的正确性。
文摘基于电感电流临界导通模式(critical conduction mode,CRM)的控制型软开关技术可实现开关管零电压开通(zero voltage switching,ZVS),但传统恒定电流复位方法的反向电流大,开关管通态损耗高。文中以单相三电平中点箝位型(three-level neutral point clamped,3L-NPC)逆变器为研究对象,提出一种具有最小电感复位电流的控制方法。首先,分析开关管ZVS的实现条件,建立谐振等效电路分析模型,推导出电感复位电流理论最小值,在保证整个工频周期内开关管ZVS的同时,降低复位电流导致的开关管通态损耗。然后,建立逆变器损耗分析模型,将文中方法与传统恒定电流复位方法进行损耗计算与对比。最后,搭建一台1 kW的单相3L-NPC逆变器样机进行实验,结果表明文中方法相比于传统恒定电流复位方法,降低了损耗,最高变换效率提升约0.5个百分点。
