Elasto-Plasticity Critical Corrosive Ratio Model for RC Structure Corrosive Expanding Crack

The parameter of filling expanding ratio n, plasticity factor k1 and deformation parameter k2 is raised, and then the elasto-plasticity critical corrosive ratio model for RC structure corrosive expanding crack based on elasto-plasticity theory is constructed in this paper. The influences of parameters such as filling expansion ratio n, plasticity factor kl, deformation parameter k2, Poisson ratio of concrete v, diameter of reinforced bar d and protective layer thickness c on the critical corrosive ratio are researched by theory analysis and experiments. The experimental results validate the accuracy of the model. According to the experimental study, the least squares solution is calculated as n = 1.8 ,k1 =0.61 ,k2 =0.5.

Seasonal shifts in the solute ion ratios of vadose zone rock moisture from the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory

One of the greatest challenges in critical zone studies is to document the moisture dynamics, water flux,and solute chemistry of the unsaturated, fractured and weathered bedrock that lies between the soil and groundwater table. The central impediment to quantifying this component of the subsurface is the difficulty associated with direct observations. Here, we report solute chemistry as a function of depth collected over a full year across the shale-derived vadose zone of the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory using a set of novel sub-horizontal wellbores,referred to as the vadose zone monitoring system. The results of this first geochemical glimpse into the deep vadose zone indicate a dynamic temporal and depth-resolved structure. Major cation concentrations reflect seasonal changes in precipitation and water saturation, and normalized ratios span the full range of values reported for the world's largest rivers.

Critical Cyclic Stress Ratio of Undisturbed Saturated Soft Clay in the Yangtze Estuary under Complex Stress Conditions

There exists a critical cyclic stress ratio when sand or clay is subjected to cyclic loading. It is an index dis-tinguishing stable state or failure state. The soil static and dynamic universal triaxial and torsional shear apparatus de-veloped by Dalian University of Technology in China was employed to perform different types of tests on saturated soft marine clay in the Yangtze estuary. Undisturbed samples were subjected to undrained cyclic vertical and torsional coupling shear and cyclic torsional shear after three-directional anisotropic consolidation with different initial consoli-dation parameters. The effects of initial orientation angle of major principal stress, initial ratio of deviatoric stress,initial coefficient of intermediate principal stress and stress mode of cyclic shear on the critical cyclic stress ratio wereinvestigated. It is found that the critical cyclic stress ratio decreases significantly with increasing initial orientation angle of major principal stress and initial ratio of deviatoric stress. Compared with the effects of the initial orientationangle of major principal stress and initial ratio of deviatoric stress, the effect of initial coefficient of intermediate prin-cipal stress is less evident. Under the same consolidation condition, the critical cyclic stress ratio from the cyclic cou-pling shear test is lower than that from the cyclic torsional shear test, indicating that the stress mode of cyclic shear has an obvious effect on the critical cyclic stress ratio. The main reason is that the continuous rotation in principal stressdirections during cyclic coupling shear damages the original structure of soil more than the cyclic torsional shear does.

Factors Affecting the Relation of Fracture Toughness V_(GC) with Critical Void Growth Ratio R_C/R_O

The relationship between fracture toughness VGC and critical void growth RC/RO was studied for ten kinds of Steel. The macroscopic fracture toughness VGC was determined by using notched tensile specimens. and the microscopic parameters of critical void growth ratio RC/RO were quantitatively measured under SEM. Then, the coefhcient C in the relation VGC = C In(RC/RO) proposed in author's past work was specifically explored. The correlation of C with tensile proderty parameter φ=σyδ/(Eφn) was presented for the Steel investigated, and the effects of low temperature on C were also discussed. Results show that the coefficient C is linearly related to the parameter and insensitive to low temperature.

Effect of fiber-reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of sand approaching the critical state

Several types of ground improvement methods that employ fiber-reinforcement have been developed in recent years.A series of consolidated drained triaxial compression tests has been conducted here to examine the effect of short fibers on the mechanical properties of Toyoura sand.Sand with 0%,0.2%,0.4%,and 1%fiber contents,prepared to yield random distribution,was sheared under several confining pressures and controlled via their initial relative densities.The test results showed that the maximum and residual deviatoric stresses increased,whereas the volumetric expansion decreased with an increase in fiber content.Although the stress ratio h(=q/p′)and specific volume changed depending on the fiber content and confining pressure with shear progression,they each reached the same values for a definite fiber content at the end of shearing,independent of initial relative density.In other words,the unique critical state line can be found for a definite fiber content.Moreover,the greater the fiber content,the larger the slope of the critical state line at the end of shearing.Additionally,as the length of fibers shortened with the same percentage of fiber inclusions in sand,the deviatoric stress and the stress ratio decreased,approaching the shear-strain-volumetric response of unreinforced sand.

Critical weight on bit of double-driven bottomhole assembly during vertical and fast drilling

It is difficult to determine the optimal weight on bit (WOB) of the double-driven bottomhole assembly (DD-BHA, with double stabilizers and a bent housing positive displacement motor (PDM)) which is employed during vertical and fast drilling. High WOB leads to well deviation out of control, and low WOB leads to low rate of penetration (ROP). So considering the rock physical properties, the anisotropy index function of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit was derived with the structure and cutting performance parameters of the bit, and the effect of natural hole deviation tendencies on the performance of DD-BHA resisting deviation was represented. The concept of elliptic deformation ratio was used to characterize the performance of DD-BHA resisting deviation. Eventually, a model calculating the critical WOB was established. By comparing the model predictions with the measured hole angle changes in the field, the results show that the model predictions are accurate with error less than 5.8%, which can meet the operational requirements in the projects. Furthermore, the model was adopted to justify and guide the operating conditions and parameters during drilling, which shows that the optimum WOB predicted by the model can not only control deviation but also improve ROP effectively. The model is independent on the formation characteristics of blocks, so it can be expanded widely to other oilfields.

Modeling for critical state line of granular soil with evolution of grain size distribution due to particle breakage

Determination of the critical state line(CSL)is important to characterize engineering properties of granular soils.Grain size distribution(GSD)has a significant influence on the location of CSL.The influence of particle breakage on the CSL is mainly attributed to the change in GSD due to particle breakage.However,GSD has not been properly considered in modeling the CSL with influence of particle breakage.This study aims to propose a quantitative model to determine the CSL considering the effect of GSD.We hypothesize that the change of critical state void ratio with respect to GSD is caused by the same mechanism that influences of the change of minimum void ratio with respect to GSD.Consequently,the particle packing model for minimum void ratio proposed by Chang et al.(2017)is extended to predict critical state void ratio.The developed model is validated by experimental results of CSLs for several types of granular materials.Then the evolution of GSD due to particle breakage is incorporated into the model.The model is further evaluated using the experimental results on rockfill material,which illustrates the applicability of the model in predicting CSL for granular material with particle breakage.

Determination of the Critical Value of Deflection for Embedded Cylindrical Structures

An embedded cylinder is a large-diameter cylinder embedded in a soil foundation. The state of failure of such an embedded cylindrical structure shows large deflection instead of slide and overturn of the traditional gravity type of structure placed on a rubble base or foundation base. The critical value of deflection of the embedded cylindrical structure, which is the maximum allowable deflection for stability calculation of the cylinder, is a vital control value. Through investigation on deflection and soil pressures on an embedded cylinder by model experiments, the variations of the angle of rotation θ of a cylinder with effective anti-overturning ratio η and moment MH of thrust are discussed. On the basis of experimental study, the critical value of deflection of the cylindrical structure is proposed in the paper. Meanwhile, the formulas for calculating deflection of cylinders are derived.

Experimental Analysis of the Flow Characteristics of an Adjustable Critical-Flow Venturi Nozzle

The response of an adjustable critical-flow Venturi nozzle is investigated through a set indoor experiments aimed to determine the related critical flow rate,critical pressure ratio,and discharge coefficient.The effect of a variation in the cone displacement and liquid content on the critical flow characteristics is examined in detail and it is shown that the former can be used to effectively adjust the critical flow rate.The critical pressure ratio of the considered nozzle is above 0.85,and the critical flow control deviation of the gas flow is within±3%.Liquid flow can reduce the gas critical mass flow rate accordingly,especially for the cases with larger liquid volume and lower inlet pressure.The set of results and conclusions provided are intended to support the optimization of steam injection techniques in the context of heavy oil recovery processes.

AHP-CRITIC混合加权法优选风湿痹痛膏提取工艺

目的确定指标权重,优选风湿痹痛膏的最佳提取工艺。方法以出膏率及芍药苷、单酯型乌头碱含量为考察指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法(CRITIC)、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定权重系数,结合正交试验优选风湿痹痛膏复方提取工艺最佳参数。结果采用AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数更符合实际,按该权重系数进行综合评分,优选的最佳提取工艺为:加6倍量的水,提取1.5 h,提取2次。结论AHP-CRITIC混合加权法较单一方法更全面、合理,所确定的提取工艺稳定可行,可为风湿痹痛膏的研制开发提供参考依据。

最低工资标准测算实证研究——基于CRITIC-熵权法客观赋权的动态组合测算

科学合理的测算方法是最低工资标准制定及其制度有效施行并切实发挥权益保障效应的关键。本研究以上海市2007-2016年相关统计数据作为研究样本,分别采用比重法、恩格尔系数法、国际收入比例法、因子测算模型和ELES模型等5种方法实证测算最低工资标准,进而构建基于CRITIC-熵权法进行客观赋权的组合测算模型,并以灰色关联分析所得主要影响因子作为参考依据进行动态调整。研究结果发现:(1)5种单一算法中比重法和恩格尔系数法所得理论最低工资标准整体水平偏低,国际收入比例法所得温饱线与执行标准较接近而发展线则显著偏高,因子测算模型和ELES模型测算结果总体较为理想;(2)构建所得最低工资标准组合测算模型的模拟结果与实际执行标准拟合度较高,表明上海市近10年来最低工资标准制定含金量较高,相应标准已基本满足低收入劳动者生存和温饱需求,尤其近年来相关情况已得到显著改善;(3)深入分析来看,上海市最低工资标准仍普遍低于发展线需求,且与最低生活保障标准、人均GDP和职工平均工资等主要影响指标的比率关系并不协调,表明上海市最低工资标准制定及相应配套体制仍有较大提升改善空间。

基于结构和功能的改进CRITIC体系贡献率评估方法

体系贡献率直观体现了新型武器装备对体系作战能力的提升作用。从体系贡献率机理出发,构建装备体系贡献率系统评估框架;结合复杂网络理论,引入拓扑势指标,评估装备节点的体系结构贡献率;提出作战功能链概念,量化装备节点的体系功能贡献率;引入并改进CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)法客观确定初始权重,通过分析指标关联度降低指标耦合性对评估结果造成的影响,对指标权重进行进一步修正;通过作战想定实例分析验证了该评估方法的有效性和合理性。

Study on determination of the stable slope configuration for deep open pit mine

The space effects of deep pit slope are analyzed by an elastic mechanics principle. The interaction among the critical slide angle, the friction coefficient, the cohesion, and the horizontal radius of the deep pits is derived in this paper. It indicates that the deeper the pit is excavated, the greater the critical slide angle is. Both the theory for reducing stripping waste rock in deep pit and the approach to determining the configuration of the stable slope are developed from the interaction. The theory in this paper comprises the preceding principles of stability analysis of slopes and is suitable for analyzing that of deep pit.

Experimental Research on the Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) Theory

Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.

Critical state uniqueness of dense granular materials using discrete element method in conjunction with flexible membrane boundary

An explanation of the meso-mechanism of sand granular materials for the uniqueness of critical state is presented by means of the discrete element method(DEM)under flexible boundary loading conditions.A series triaxial drainage shear test(DEM simulations),in conjunction with the flexible boundary technique,of were performed for sand samples subjected to various physical states and with different particle size distributions.After carefully investigating the critical status of the results of the numerical calculation,the macroscopic failure modes and shear band evolution of sand,as well as the velocity vector field due to different initial states,were explored and classified.Furthermore,the evaluation rules and discrepancies between overall void ratios of the specimen and local void ratios within the shear band under the critical state were recorded and analyzed.The results proved that a sample with a small void tends to form a shear band,and the rotation of the particles in the non-shear zone is negligible.Conversely,sandy soil with large initial void ratios exhibited limited development of significant shear bands,and the change in void ratios within the shear region and the non-shear area are not significant.Interestingly,the particle-size distribution exerts minimal influence on the evolution rule which the void ratio converges within the shear band and diverges outside the shear region for both multi-stage and single-stage specimens.The void ratio within the shear band and deviator stress ratio tend to exhibit consistently for the same specimen with different initial physical states,thereby distinguishing the critical state.There is a significantly higher change in void ratio within the shear band compared to outside of it,yet it remains stable within a relatively similar range.Additionally,the invariant of the fabric tensor used to describe the critical state characteristics also demonstrates a high degree of consistency within the shear band.These findings strongly indicate that the critical state exists within the shear failure surfaceand is highly likely to beunique.

IMPROVEMENT ON THE CALCULATION OF PLASTIC STRAIN RATIO IN BCC MONOCRYSTALS

Two improvements have been made on the calculation of plastic strain ratio (r value) in BCC monocrystals by considering the differences in the critical shear stresses among the three slip systems and the rotation of crystal lattice. It is found that the results calculated by the improved method are more rational.

基于CRITIC法和转换比率法的公立医院医师需求测算研究

医师人力资源是医院核心资源,科学测算医院医师人力资源需求有助于合理配置医师人力资源,提升公立医院可持续发展能力,实现高质量发展。以某高校附属医院为例,分别运用文献法、专家咨询法、CRITIC赋权法和转换比率法确定测算指标,设置指标权重,计算科室医师理论需求人数,探索完善公立医院医师人力资源需求测算方法,提出科学制定引人计划、加强人才梯队建设、健全人力资源管理规划的建议,为科学配置医师人力资源提供参考。

Experimental and Numerical Research on Deformation Behavior of Thin-Walled and Large Expansion Ratio Guide Vane Liner in Hydroforming Process

Some tube hydroforming process tests and further research work were conducted to manufacture hollow guide vane liners( made of super alloy GH3030).The relative thickness( t0/ OD) of the tubular blank is approximately 0. 01,and the maximum expansion ratio( Dmax/ OD) of the needed part is more than 40%,and the length to diameter ratio of the expansion regionis more than 3. 0. It is very hard to manufacture this kind of ultra-thin-wall,curved axis and large expansion ratio tubular part without fracture and wrinkles. The success of the process is highly dependent on useful wrinkles with appropriate internal pressure and axial feeding. A simplified finite element model and a theoretical model are used for detecting the deformation behavior and forming laws. Further study results demonstrate that the useful wrinkles do not appear at the same time and middle-wrinkles need bigger axial force than tube-end-wrinkles and feeding-wrinkles. The wrinkles can transfer bigger axial force after its wave peak has come into contact with the die inner surface. The thickness thinning rate of the element at the peak is bigger than that at the trough. With the increase of the axial and hoop stress ratio,the critical buckling stress also increases. Microstructure examination results show that the grain size in the maximum thinning zone has been stretched and refined after the large deformation and annealing treatment.The process is feasible and the finished part is qualified.

沿面放电光脉冲发展特征与临界击穿判据研究

绝缘沿面放电是引起高压开关柜中滑闪及电弧击穿的主要原因和前期阶段,准确有效地对绝缘异常爬电进行监测、跟踪和预警对保障设备安全运行非常关键。该文通过试验研究强垂直分量绝缘爬电的光脉冲阶段特征,并提出基于多波段光谱辐射强度信息的放电发展阶段划分方法和临界击穿判据,从而建立基于多波段光谱强度比值的放电跟踪预警方法。首先,搭建多波段单光子试验系统,采用自制多波段光学传感装置对沿面放电发展全过程跟踪测量,获得表征放电发展过程光谱比率的统计参量;其次,借助模糊聚类算法和支持向量机,构建放电发展临界特征空间边界,并对放电严重程度进行量化评估,结果表明该方法对放电阶段的正判率达到96.9%以上;最后,确立基于光谱比率的放电危险性主动预警逻辑,并开发了放电光脉冲跟踪预警系统,为开关柜放电和弧光监测的创新应用提供了参考。

超固结黏土不排水剪切的屈服与临界状态

以研究超固结黏土的屈服与临界状态为目的,通过GDS三轴剪切试验仪(GDS triaxial shear testing apparatus)开展了一系列不同超固结状态的黏土不排水剪切试验。为对黏土的应力路径进行分析,选取了能描述超固结状态不同时土的屈服特性的ALPHA(α)模型。分析了黏土的偏应力/孔压-应变曲线变化趋势,并确定了孔压达到峰值时土体为破坏状态。根据应力破坏点拟合出临界状态线,提出了针对不同超固结比的不排水抗剪强度的计算公式。试验结果表明:不排水剪切试验中,前期固结压力相同时,超固结比越小,抗剪强度越高,但是屈服强度并非随超固结比的降低而单调递增变化;超固结比相同时,前期固结压力越大,抗剪强度越高,屈服强度也越高;正常固结和轻超固结土的破坏应变皆在5%左右,而重超固结土则呈现明显的剪胀现象和脆性破坏,破坏应变小于2.5%;正常固结和轻超固结土的应力路径呈“S”形,重超固结土的应力路径呈不断增长的趋势。根据破坏标准,重超固结土和轻超固结土、正常固结土共用一条临界状态线,不排水抗剪强度计算公式参数较少,易获取,易嵌入本构模型中,应用方便。