Swimming speeds are the most important index for the evaluation of the fish swimming performance. The terminologies and classifications of the fish swimming performance were summarized in this paper. Taking into consi...Swimming speeds are the most important index for the evaluation of the fish swimming performance. The terminologies and classifications of the fish swimming performance were summarized in this paper. Taking into consideration of the widely used evaluation approaches of the fish swimming performance by different researchers, a recommended classification methodology of the fish swimming performance was proposed by the authors. And a new concept of the swimming speed, the Maximum Domed Swimming Speed (DSS), was introduced into this new classification framework together with a discussion on its calculation method and the practical significance. According to the classification system, the fish swimming speeds are classified into five categories: Optimum Swimming Speed, Maximum Sustained Swimming Speed, Critical Swimming Speed, Maximum Domed Swimming Speed, and Burst Swimming Speed. Other concepts of swimming speeds are generally merged into the above five categories, respectively. Furthermore, possible relevancies among the Maximum Sustained Swimming Speed (MSS), the Critical Swimming Speed (CSS), and the Maximum Domed Swimming Speed (DSS) were discussed. It was concluded that these three swimming speeds, in a sense, can be regarded as the equivalent indices for the evaluation of fish swimming performance.展开更多
Evidence has accumulated that there is a trade-off between benefits and costs associated with rapid growth. A trade-off between growth rates and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) had been also reported to be common in t...Evidence has accumulated that there is a trade-off between benefits and costs associated with rapid growth. A trade-off between growth rates and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) had been also reported to be common in teleost fish. We hypothesize that growth acceleration in the F3 generation of "all-fish" growth hormone gene (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) would reduce the swimming abilities. Growth and swimming performance between transgenic fish and non-transgenic controls were compared. The results showed that transgenic fish had a mean body weight 1.4―1.9-fold heavier,and a mean specific growth rate (SGR) value 6%―10% higher than the controls. Transgenic fish,however,had a mean absolute Ucrit (cm/s) value 22% or mean relative Ucrit (BL/s) value 24% lower than the controls. It suggested that fast-growing "all-fish" GH-transgenic carp were inferior swimmers. It is also supported that there was a trade-off between growth rates and swimming performance,i.e. faster-growing individuals had lower critical swimming speed.展开更多
鱼类的游泳能力和游泳行为是成功设计过鱼设施的关键。为了探究长丝裂腹鱼（ Schizothorax dolichonema Herzenstein）的游泳能力，以野生长丝裂腹鱼（110.56 g ±35.88g）为对象，测定了它们的临界游泳速度，并记录了测定过程中的...鱼类的游泳能力和游泳行为是成功设计过鱼设施的关键。为了探究长丝裂腹鱼（ Schizothorax dolichonema Herzenstein）的游泳能力，以野生长丝裂腹鱼（110.56 g ±35.88g）为对象，测定了它们的临界游泳速度，并记录了测定过程中的游泳行为。研究表明：（1）临界游泳速度为3.04～4.93BL/s；（2）运动耗氧率与游泳速度呈幂函数关系MO 2＝129.67＋15.63 U 2.34（ R 2＝0.983， P＜0.001），速度指数为2.34，表明能量利用效率相对较低；单位距离能耗（COT）与游泳速度的关系也呈幂函数关系COT＝0.14 U-1＋0.04U0.80（R2＝0.844， P＜0.001）；（3）随着游泳速度的增加，尾摆幅度的变化不显著，变化范围为0.18～0.32 BL，而尾摆频率和运动步长都呈线性增加的趋势。展开更多
文摘Swimming speeds are the most important index for the evaluation of the fish swimming performance. The terminologies and classifications of the fish swimming performance were summarized in this paper. Taking into consideration of the widely used evaluation approaches of the fish swimming performance by different researchers, a recommended classification methodology of the fish swimming performance was proposed by the authors. And a new concept of the swimming speed, the Maximum Domed Swimming Speed (DSS), was introduced into this new classification framework together with a discussion on its calculation method and the practical significance. According to the classification system, the fish swimming speeds are classified into five categories: Optimum Swimming Speed, Maximum Sustained Swimming Speed, Critical Swimming Speed, Maximum Domed Swimming Speed, and Burst Swimming Speed. Other concepts of swimming speeds are generally merged into the above five categories, respectively. Furthermore, possible relevancies among the Maximum Sustained Swimming Speed (MSS), the Critical Swimming Speed (CSS), and the Maximum Domed Swimming Speed (DSS) were discussed. It was concluded that these three swimming speeds, in a sense, can be regarded as the equivalent indices for the evaluation of fish swimming performance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30400056 and 30130050)the Development Plan of the State Key Fundamental Research of China (Grant No. 2001CB109006)the ‘863’ High Technology Project (Grant No. 2004AA213120)
文摘Evidence has accumulated that there is a trade-off between benefits and costs associated with rapid growth. A trade-off between growth rates and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) had been also reported to be common in teleost fish. We hypothesize that growth acceleration in the F3 generation of "all-fish" growth hormone gene (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) would reduce the swimming abilities. Growth and swimming performance between transgenic fish and non-transgenic controls were compared. The results showed that transgenic fish had a mean body weight 1.4―1.9-fold heavier,and a mean specific growth rate (SGR) value 6%―10% higher than the controls. Transgenic fish,however,had a mean absolute Ucrit (cm/s) value 22% or mean relative Ucrit (BL/s) value 24% lower than the controls. It suggested that fast-growing "all-fish" GH-transgenic carp were inferior swimmers. It is also supported that there was a trade-off between growth rates and swimming performance,i.e. faster-growing individuals had lower critical swimming speed.
文摘鱼类的游泳能力和游泳行为是成功设计过鱼设施的关键。为了探究长丝裂腹鱼（ Schizothorax dolichonema Herzenstein）的游泳能力，以野生长丝裂腹鱼（110.56 g ±35.88g）为对象，测定了它们的临界游泳速度，并记录了测定过程中的游泳行为。研究表明：（1）临界游泳速度为3.04～4.93BL/s；（2）运动耗氧率与游泳速度呈幂函数关系MO 2＝129.67＋15.63 U 2.34（ R 2＝0.983， P＜0.001），速度指数为2.34，表明能量利用效率相对较低；单位距离能耗（COT）与游泳速度的关系也呈幂函数关系COT＝0.14 U-1＋0.04U0.80（R2＝0.844， P＜0.001）；（3）随着游泳速度的增加，尾摆幅度的变化不显著，变化范围为0.18～0.32 BL，而尾摆频率和运动步长都呈线性增加的趋势。
基金the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Management(2012ZX07104-003-04)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.50979049,50639070-4)the introducing internationally advanced water science and technology program(948Program)of Ministry of Water Resources in China(No.201210)
