With the rapid development of modern agriculture,the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests has become an important part to ensure the safety of agricultural production,the quality of agricultural pr...With the rapid development of modern agriculture,the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests has become an important part to ensure the safety of agricultural production,the quality of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment.Although the effect of traditional chemical prevention and control technology is remarkable,the health risks and environmental problems brought by it should not be ignored.As a green and environmentally friendly means of prevention and control,biological prevention and control technology has gradually become a hot research topic and a trend of agricultural production.This paper is intended to comprehensively evaluate the social costs of biological control technologies for crop diseases and pests,including the health risks reduced,environmental improvements,economic benefits,and barriers to promotion,and put forward corresponding policy recommendations.展开更多
In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecolo...In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecological system,agricultural,biological,physical and chemical means should be comprehensively applied to control diseases and pests below the economic injury level.展开更多
Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of p...Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, as well as for exploiting the abundant plant resources in China for the prevention and control of pests. In this paper, the advantages of herbal pesticides,such as being environment-friendly, diverse patterns of action, safety for higher animals and the natural enemies of pests and making it hard for pests to produce resistance were first stated; then, Chinese herbal medicine resources with antibacterial and insecticidal activities from 49 families and their functions were reviewed, and 19kinds of herbal pesticides that have been developed and applied in China and seven kinds that have been produced on a large scale were also introduced; finally,three issues deserving further exploration during the development and application of herbal pesticides were presented, that is, research in variety selection and cultivation of herbs, and methods for extraction of active ingredients; basic research in the structure identification of herbal active ingredients, and the relationship between plant variety and active ingredients; development of lead compounds based on herbal active ingredients.展开更多
为了保障农产品质量安全,在信息技术的推动下,作物病虫害的监测预报已发展到运用遥感(RS,Remote Sensing)和地理信息系统(GIS,Geographic Information System)集成技术,实时、客观、快速及大面积地监测预报作物病虫害的空间分布、发生状...为了保障农产品质量安全,在信息技术的推动下,作物病虫害的监测预报已发展到运用遥感(RS,Remote Sensing)和地理信息系统(GIS,Geographic Information System)集成技术,实时、客观、快速及大面积地监测预报作物病虫害的空间分布、发生状况,并适时为病虫害防治提供信息服务的阶段。文章分析了RS与GIS监测预报病虫害原理,在此基础上重点对国内外RS和GIS技术集成的病虫害监测预报方法、数据选择及处理、地面试验设计和精度验证的研究现状进行总结,并对今后的发展趋势作进一步的展望。展开更多
文摘With the rapid development of modern agriculture,the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests has become an important part to ensure the safety of agricultural production,the quality of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment.Although the effect of traditional chemical prevention and control technology is remarkable,the health risks and environmental problems brought by it should not be ignored.As a green and environmentally friendly means of prevention and control,biological prevention and control technology has gradually become a hot research topic and a trend of agricultural production.This paper is intended to comprehensively evaluate the social costs of biological control technologies for crop diseases and pests,including the health risks reduced,environmental improvements,economic benefits,and barriers to promotion,and put forward corresponding policy recommendations.
文摘In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecological system,agricultural,biological,physical and chemical means should be comprehensively applied to control diseases and pests below the economic injury level.
基金Supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(2010DFA32810)~~
文摘Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, as well as for exploiting the abundant plant resources in China for the prevention and control of pests. In this paper, the advantages of herbal pesticides,such as being environment-friendly, diverse patterns of action, safety for higher animals and the natural enemies of pests and making it hard for pests to produce resistance were first stated; then, Chinese herbal medicine resources with antibacterial and insecticidal activities from 49 families and their functions were reviewed, and 19kinds of herbal pesticides that have been developed and applied in China and seven kinds that have been produced on a large scale were also introduced; finally,three issues deserving further exploration during the development and application of herbal pesticides were presented, that is, research in variety selection and cultivation of herbs, and methods for extraction of active ingredients; basic research in the structure identification of herbal active ingredients, and the relationship between plant variety and active ingredients; development of lead compounds based on herbal active ingredients.
文摘为了保障农产品质量安全,在信息技术的推动下,作物病虫害的监测预报已发展到运用遥感(RS,Remote Sensing)和地理信息系统(GIS,Geographic Information System)集成技术,实时、客观、快速及大面积地监测预报作物病虫害的空间分布、发生状况,并适时为病虫害防治提供信息服务的阶段。文章分析了RS与GIS监测预报病虫害原理,在此基础上重点对国内外RS和GIS技术集成的病虫害监测预报方法、数据选择及处理、地面试验设计和精度验证的研究现状进行总结,并对今后的发展趋势作进一步的展望。
