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Estimation of the potential geographical distribution of a new potato pest(Schrankia costaestrigalis) in China under climate change 被引量:3
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作者 XIAN Xiao-qing ZHAO Hao-xiang +4 位作者 GUO Jian-yang ZHANG Gui-fen LIU Hui LIU Wan-xue WAN Fang-hao 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第8期2441-2455,共15页
Global food security is threatened by the impacts of the spread of crop pests and changes in the complex interactions between crops and pests under climate change.Schrankia costaestrigalis is a newly-reported potato p... Global food security is threatened by the impacts of the spread of crop pests and changes in the complex interactions between crops and pests under climate change.Schrankia costaestrigalis is a newly-reported potato pest in southern China.Early-warning monitoring of this insect pest could protect domestic agriculture as it has already caused regional yield reduction and/or quality decline in potato production.Our research aimed to confirm the potential geographical distributions(PGDs)of S.costaestrigalis in China under different climate scenarios using an optimal MaxEnt model,and to provide baseline data for preventing agricultural damage by S.costaestrigalis.Our findings indicated that the accuracy of the optimal MaxEnt model was better than the default-setting model,and the minimum temperature of the coldest month,precipitation of the driest month,precipitation of the coldest quarter,and the human influence index were the variables significantly affecting the PGDs of S.costaestrigalis.The highly-and moderately-suitable habitats of S.costaestrigalis were mainly located in eastern and southern China.The PGDs of S.costaestrigalis in China will decrease under climate change.The conversion of the highly-to moderately-suitable habitat will also be significant under climate change.The centroid of the suitable habitat area of S.costaestrigalis under the current climate showed a general tendency to move northeast and to the middle-high latitudes in the 2030s.The agricultural practice of plastic film mulching in potato fields will provide a favorable microclimate for S.costaestrigalis in the suitable areas.More attention should be paid to the early warning and monitoring of S.costaestrigalis in order to prevent its further spread in the main areas in China’s winter potato planting regions. 展开更多
关键词 climate change potential geographical distribution crop insect pests Schrankia costaestrigalis MaxEnt model
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The Effects of Climate Change on the Planting Boundary and Potential Yield for Different Rice Cropping Systems in Southern China 被引量:6
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作者 YE Qing YANG Xiao-guang +4 位作者 LIU Zhi-juan DAI Shu-wei LI Yong XIE Wen-juan CHEN Fu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第7期1546-1554,共9页
Based on climate data from 254 meteorological stations, this study estimated the effects of climate change on rice planting boundaries and potential yields in the southern China during 1951-2010. The results indicated... Based on climate data from 254 meteorological stations, this study estimated the effects of climate change on rice planting boundaries and potential yields in the southern China during 1951-2010. The results indicated a signiifcant northward shift and westward expansion of northern boundaries for rice planting in the southern China. Compared with the period of 1951-1980, the average temperature during rice growing season in the period of 1981-2010 increased by 0.4&#176;C, and the northern planting boundaries for single rice cropping system (SRCS), early triple cropping rice system (ETCRS), medium triple cropping rice system (MTCRS), and late triple cropping rice system (LTCRS) moved northward by 10, 30, 52 and 66 km, respectively. In addition, compared with the period of 1951-1980, the suitable planting area for SRCS was reduced by 11%during the period of 1981-2010. However, the suitable planting areas for other rice cropping systems increased, with the increasing amplitude of 3, 8, and 10%for ETCRS, MTCRS and LTCRS, respectively. In general, the light and temperature potential productivity of rice decreased by 2.5%. Without considering the change of rice cultivars, the northern planting boundaries for different rice cropping systems showed a northward shift tendency. Climate change resulted in decrease of per unit area yield for SRCS and the annual average yields of ETCRS and LTCRS. Nevertheless, the overall rice production in the entire research area showed a decreasing trend even with the increasing trend of annual average yield for MTCRS. 展开更多
关键词 climate change potential yield rice cropping system planting boundary
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Genome-editing technologies and their potential application in horticultural crop breeding 被引量:13
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作者 Jin-Song Xiong Jing Ding Yi Li 《Horticulture Research》 SCIE 2015年第1期224-233,共10页
Plant breeding,one of the oldest agricultural activities,parallels human civilization.Many crops have been domesticated to satisfy human's food and aesthetical needs,including numerous specialty horticultural crop... Plant breeding,one of the oldest agricultural activities,parallels human civilization.Many crops have been domesticated to satisfy human's food and aesthetical needs,including numerous specialty horticultural crops such as fruits,vegetables,ornamental flowers,shrubs,and trees.Crop varieties originated through selection during early human civilization.Other technologies,such as various forms of hybridization,mutation,and transgenics,have also been invented and applied to crop breeding over the past centuries.The progress made in these breeding technologies,especially the modern biotechnology-based breeding technologies,has had a great impact on crop breeding as well as on our lives.Here,we first review the developmental process and applications of these technologies in horticultural crop breeding.Then,we mainly describe the principles of the latest genome-editing technologies and discuss their potential applications in the genetic improvement of horticultural crops.The advantages and challenges of genome-editing technologies in horticultural crop breeding are also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 BREEDING cropS potential
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A Preliminary Study on Systems Engineering-Based Method for the Evaluation of Allelopathic Potential in Crops and Its Application
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作者 ZUO Sheng-peng MA Yong-qing 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2007年第1期68-77,共10页
The objective of this study was to develop a method to assess and analyze the total allelopathic potential of crop germplasm and to test this method on four winter wheat accessions commonly planted in the Loess Platea... The objective of this study was to develop a method to assess and analyze the total allelopathic potential of crop germplasm and to test this method on four winter wheat accessions commonly planted in the Loess Plateau. A systems engineering model was developed and used to evaluate the total allelopathic potential of crop cultivars. In addition, a method for quantifying the total allelopathic potential in crop accessions was presented. Total allelopathic potential of four winter wheat accessions from the Loess Plateau was estimated and compared using a systems theory approach. The model assessed allelopathic potential in different parts of the plants from the time wheat turned green in spring until maturity. Results from these models indicated that the four wheat accessions had very weak allelopathic potential. Allelopathic potential declined in the order Xiaoyan 22 〉 Ningdong 1 〉 Fengchan 3 〉 Bima 1. This system engineering evaluation method allows for the assessment of allelopathic potential among crop varieties. It will help plant breeders to select and develop allelopathic crop accessions that combine weed suppression properties with agronomic traits related to yield and quality. 展开更多
关键词 systems engineering principles evaluation of crop allelopathic potential synergetic indices of allelopathic potential comprehensive index of allelopathic potential genetic breeding of allelopathic crop accessions
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Evaluation of Potential Productivity of Woody Energy Crops on Marginal Land in China
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作者 WANG Jinzhu GAO Ming +3 位作者 HE Xinhua ZHANG Qian Natamba LEO XU Chang 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第6期963-973,共11页
Energy crops are a basic material in the bioenergy industry, and they can also mitigate carbon emissions and have environ- mental benefits when planted on marginal lands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pote... Energy crops are a basic material in the bioenergy industry, and they can also mitigate carbon emissions and have environ- mental benefits when planted on marginal lands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of energy crops on marginal lands in China. A mechanistic model, combined with energy crop and land use characteristics, and meteorological and soil parameters, was used to simulate the potential productivity of energy crops. There were three main results. 1) The total marginal land in China was determined to be 104.78 × 106 ha. The 400-mm precipitation boundary line, which is the dividing line between the semi-humid and semi-arid zones in China, also divided the marginal land into shrub land and sparse forest land in the southeast and bare land, bare rock land, and saline alkali land in the northeast. 2) The total area of the marginal land suitable for planting energy crops was determined to be 55.82 × 106 ha, with Xanthoceras sorbifolia and Cerasus humilis mainly grown in the northern China, Jatropha curcas and Comus wilsoniana mainly grown in the southwest and southeast, and Pistacia chinensis mainly grown in the central area, while also having a northeast-southwest zonal distribution. 3) Taking the highest yield in overlapping areas, the potential productivity of target energy crops was determined to be 32.63 × 106 t/yr. Without considering the overlapping areas, the potential productivity was 6.81× 106 t/yr from X. sorbifolia, 8.86× 106t/yr from C. humilis, 7.18 ×106t/yr from J. curcas, 9.55 × 106t/yr from P. chinensis, and 7.78 ×106 t/yr from C. wilsoniana. 展开更多
关键词 energy crop marginal land potential productivity mechanistic model China
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Potential Energy of Crops
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作者 Jahangir Payamara 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2012年第7期1085-1087,共3页
This work consists of estimating the energy achieved from all land and water-based vegetations. This real potential is determined by identifying 10 biomass samples taken from vegetable resources which are favored by t... This work consists of estimating the energy achieved from all land and water-based vegetations. This real potential is determined by identifying 10 biomass samples taken from vegetable resources which are favored by their aptitude of adaptation to the conditions of Iran. The net energy values of the 10 biomass samples change in the range of 13.65-18.00 MJ/kg using bomb calorimeter. By means of least squarere regression method all correlations were found. The results of 10 different biomass materials have been used to develop a linear equation correlation. 展开更多
关键词 potential treated waste water biome biofuels cropS BIOFUEL net heating value linear equation correlation.
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Effect of Sustained Deficit Irrigation on Stem Water Potential of Navel Oranges in Jordan Valley 被引量:1
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作者 N. M. Bani Hani M. R. Shatanawi 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2011年第8期1152-1160,共9页
Research was conducted to find the relationship between deficit irrigation treatments (DIT) and stems water potential. The study was conducted on 14 years old navel orange trees grafted on sour oranges for the growi... Research was conducted to find the relationship between deficit irrigation treatments (DIT) and stems water potential. The study was conducted on 14 years old navel orange trees grafted on sour oranges for the growing season 2006/2007 at a private farm in the Northern part of Jordan Valley (latitude: 32° 50′ N, longitude: 32° 50′ E, altitude: -254 m). Three levels of irrigation treatments (IT) were applied; namely 100%, 75% and 50% of reference evapotranspiration, representing over irrigation (OIT), full irrigation (FIT), and deficit irrigation (DIT), respectively. A drip irrigation using one irrigation source line with drippers spaced 0.5 m having average discharge of 2.3 L/hr at pressure 1.5 bar, was used. Stem water potential (SWP) at 100% over irrigation treatment (OIT) of navel orange trees had less negative value during the irrigation seasons (-1.57 MPa), whereas the highest negative value (-2.17 MPa) occurred at 50% deficit irrigation treatment (DIT). 展开更多
关键词 Navel orange deficit irrigation actual evapotranspiration crop coefficient stems water potential.
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Economic Potential of Compost Amendment as an Alternative to Irrigation in Maine Potato Production Systems
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作者 John M. Halloran Robert P. Larkin +2 位作者 Sherri L. DeFauw O. Modesto Olanya Zhongqi He 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2013年第2期238-245,共8页
Potato productivity in the northeastern US has been relatively constant for over 50 years, raising questions about what factors are limiting productivity. Research was initiated in 2004 to identify key constraints to ... Potato productivity in the northeastern US has been relatively constant for over 50 years, raising questions about what factors are limiting productivity. Research was initiated in 2004 to identify key constraints to potato productivity by evaluating Status Quo (SQ), Soil Conserving (SC), and Soil Improving (SI) cropping systems under both rainfed and irrigated management, and it was found that addition of compost or irrigation substantially increased yield. In this study, we employed partial budgeting to determine cost differences and their impact on net revenue for these cropping systems. Differences in systems were primarily associated with rotation length, tillage operations, compost and application expenses, and water management practices. When compost (as composted dairy manure) was annually applied at 19 Mg haf-1 and evaluated over the entire 3-year crop rotation cycle, the compost-amended rainfed SI system was more expensive to maintain than the irrigated SC system if compost cost exceeded $3.63 Mg-1. Average marketable yields were used to calculate gross and net revenue for each system. Because average potato yield for the irrigated SQ system (28.4 Mg·ha-1) equaled that in the rainfed SI system (28.3 Mg·ha-1), we were able to compare cost of irrigation versus compost for achieving comparable yield. The compost-amended SI system under rainfed management generated more net revenue from the potato crop than the irrigated SQ system when compost costs were less than $7.42 Mg-1. When compared to the commonly used rainfed SQ system, rainfed SI achieved higher net revenue as long as compost cost was less than $22.95 Mg-1. The rainfed SI system achieved higher net revenue than the irrigated SC system when compost cost was $9.43 Mg-1or less, but generated greater net revenue than the rainfed SC system regardless of compost costs, due to substantially higher yields associated with compost amendment. This investigation demonstrates that compost is a potentially viable substitute to irrigation for potato in the northeastern US;however, such potential is highly dependent on suitable compost sources and application costs. 展开更多
关键词 COMPOST cropping SYSTEMS ECONOMIC potential IRRIGATION Partial BUDGETING Potato Production Water Stress Yield
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基于生态承载力和秸秆资源的河南省牛养殖潜力分析
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作者 聂胜委 张巧萍 +4 位作者 罗鹏 闫祥洲 潘秀燕 王辉 李金平 《中国牛业科学》 2024年第5期29-36,共8页
[目的]:本文通过分析河南省及各地(市)的牛饲养潜力,为牛养殖业合理规划布局,推动种养循环和农业高质量发展提供参考。[方法]以土地生态承载力、秸秆资源量等为基础,研究分析了河南省各地(市)的饲养量潜力和增量潜力。[结果]基于土地生... [目的]:本文通过分析河南省及各地(市)的牛饲养潜力,为牛养殖业合理规划布局,推动种养循环和农业高质量发展提供参考。[方法]以土地生态承载力、秸秆资源量等为基础,研究分析了河南省各地(市)的饲养量潜力和增量潜力。[结果]基于土地生态承载力、年可收集利用的秸秆资源量因素,河南省牛年饲养量潜力分别达5235.85、1907.81万头,分别有4597.96、1269.95万头的增量空间;其中南阳、周口、驻马店、新乡、商丘、信阳分别有588.77、577.32、552.90、335.18、435.97、395.86万头和107.74、203.27、136.05、103.43、134.93、140.84万头牛增量空间;郑州、开封、洛阳、平顶山、安阳、焦作、濮阳、许昌、漯河、鹤壁、济源分别有136.15、212.37、174.78、192.07、268.41、124.44、181.77、167.54、110.77、80.78、15.88万头和29.16、44.93、15.78、29.60、91.51、41.61、67.22、56.89、44.42、27.39、1.40万头牛增量空间。[结论]总之,河南省发展牛养殖业秸秆资源富足,饲养量潜力和增量潜力大;应加强政策引导和区域差异化养殖模式的研究,促进种养循环高质量发展。 展开更多
关键词 生态承载力 秸秆资源量 河南省 牛养殖潜力
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山区农产品主产区种养关联碳减排潜力估算——以四川洪雅、开江、盐亭和兴文县为例
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作者 罗怀良 《山地学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期287-299,共13页
种养关联既可有效利用农业废弃物,又具碳减排效应。已有研究主要聚焦农业废弃物资源化利用及其污染控制,对农业种养关联碳减排缺乏关注。本文以四川盆地山地丘陵农产品主产区的洪雅、开江、盐亭和兴文4县为研究对象,采用草谷比法估算作... 种养关联既可有效利用农业废弃物,又具碳减排效应。已有研究主要聚焦农业废弃物资源化利用及其污染控制,对农业种养关联碳减排缺乏关注。本文以四川盆地山地丘陵农产品主产区的洪雅、开江、盐亭和兴文4县为研究对象,采用草谷比法估算作物秸秆量,依据能量转化构建秸秆饲料化利用碳减排潜力估算法,采用排泄系数法估算畜禽粪便量,依据营养物质循环构建粪便肥料化利用碳减排潜力估算法,探讨2008—2017年该区种养关联碳减排潜力。结果表明:(1)该区种养关联年均碳减排潜力为19.42×10^(4)t,且微弱上升(1.25%)。其中,作物秸秆饲料化利用年均碳减排潜力15.49×10^(4)t,上升8.37%;畜禽粪便肥料化利用年均碳减排潜力3.93×10^(4)t,下降23.09%。(2)该区单位耕地面积种养关联碳减排潜力为2.04 t/hm^(2),其中,开江(2.36 t/hm^(2))>洪雅(2.30 t/hm^(2))>盐亭(2.01 t/hm^(2))>兴文(1.57 t/hm^(2))。(3)该区种养关联碳减排潜力中作物秸秆饲料化利用占比(79.75%)>畜禽粪便肥料化利用(20.25%);作物秸秆饲料化利用碳减排潜力以水稻(35.07%)、玉米(24.99%)、小麦(13.44%)和油菜(12.77%)等作物为主(共86.27%);畜禽粪便肥料化利用碳减排潜力以牛粪便为主(占52.94%)。本研究可以为山地丘陵区种养关联碳减排提供理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 农产品主产区 种养关联 碳减排潜力 作物秸秆 畜禽粪便
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东北黑土区典型县域农牧系统养分流动特征分析 被引量:1
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作者 王一莹 张畅 +6 位作者 袁静超 刘剑钊 王乃卉 梁尧 范围 任军 蔡红光 《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第10期1609-1625,共17页
在保障粮食安全的前提下,东北黑土区作物和畜牧生产的耦合促进了农业绿色发展。本研究选择位于东北黑土区的吉林省农安县为研究区域,以农牧系统为研究边界,通过实地调研、统计数据和文献,结合食物链养分流动模型(NUFER:NUtrient flows i... 在保障粮食安全的前提下,东北黑土区作物和畜牧生产的耦合促进了农业绿色发展。本研究选择位于东北黑土区的吉林省农安县为研究区域,以农牧系统为研究边界,通过实地调研、统计数据和文献,结合食物链养分流动模型(NUFER:NUtrient flows in Food chains,Environment and Resources use)定量分析1990—2020年农牧系统氮磷养分流动、利用效率和环境损失,探究气候和社会经济因素对氮磷排放的驱动作用,并设置平衡施肥(减少化肥施用)和有机肥替代(提升有机物料替代)两种情景评估该县减排潜力。结果表明,相对于1990年,2020年农安县农牧体系氮磷输入量分别下降45%和23%,其中化肥施用是最大的输入项。作物和农牧系统养分利用率波动增加,而畜禽系统养分利用率下降并逐渐趋于稳定。农牧体系氮磷损失量较1990年分别减少41%和增加29%。农田氨挥发、径流侵蚀和畜禽粪便直排为主要排放途径。通过平衡施肥和有机替代,土壤氮磷积累处于较低水平,至2030年农安县化学氮肥有80%的减施潜力,化学磷肥有85%的减施潜力,且氮磷养分环境排放均减少67%,作物和农牧系统养分利用率均增长50%以上。综上,农安县农牧体系未来可通过增加秸秆和粪便还田量提升化肥减施潜力。东北黑土区应继续深化化肥零增长政策,推行有机废弃物资源化利用,实现农牧系统协同优化发展。 展开更多
关键词 农牧系统 农业绿色发展 氮磷利用率 NUFER模型 减施潜力
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湖北省小麦潜在产量时空异质性特征及驱动因子分析 被引量:1
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作者 杨蕊 王小燕 刘科 《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期616-626,共11页
气候变化致使气象要素的时空分布格局发生了不同程度的变化,加剧了作物产量空间异质性的形成。因此,评估气候因子对潜在产量的贡献程度,有利于解析区域间潜在产量差异的形成机制,这对于区域内作物的合理规划和缩小区域间产量差具有重要... 气候变化致使气象要素的时空分布格局发生了不同程度的变化,加剧了作物产量空间异质性的形成。因此,评估气候因子对潜在产量的贡献程度,有利于解析区域间潜在产量差异的形成机制,这对于区域内作物的合理规划和缩小区域间产量差具有重要意义。本研究基于1985—2021年湖北省小麦生长期间的气候数据,应用验证后的APSIM-Wheat模型模拟小麦的潜在产量,利用多元回归等方法评估各气候因子对潜在产量变化的贡献程度,解析潜在产量空间异质性的形成机制。结果表明:湖北省小麦潜在产量变化范围为5068.9~7895.3 kg∙hm^(−2),平均潜在产量为7187.6 kg∙hm^(−2)。近35年来,小麦生育期内的平均温度和总降水量分别以0.1℃∙(10a)−1和13.2 mm∙(10a)−1的速率增加,但总太阳辐射以123.3 MJ∙m^(−2)∙(10a)^(−1)的速率下降。这些气候因素变化加剧了生育期内易涝、弱光环境的形成,导致小麦生产潜力降低,潜在产量平均每10年下降422.0 kg∙hm^(−2),降水量的增加对潜在产量下降的贡献最大,相关系数高达−0.73。湖北省小麦潜在产量的空间分布特征为北高南低,南北小麦平均潜在产量和光热熵差距分别为218 kg∙hm^(−2)和0.06 MJ∙m^(−2)∙d^(−1)∙℃^(−1)。光热熵的高度空间异质性是造成潜在产量差异的主要因素,二者相关性高达0.82。受光热熵时空分布不均的影响,荆州小麦拔节至成熟期的平均每日生长速率较襄阳地区低28.5 kg∙hm^(−2)∙d^(−1),最终导致荆州小麦的潜在产量较襄阳地区低。综上,气候变化使得湖北省小麦潜在产量整体呈下降趋势,针对以江汉平原地区为代表的易涝、弱光的小麦生长环境,选育具有高光效和耐涝性的小麦品种对于缩小区域间的产量差距和实现区域粮食总产的全面提高具有重要意义。 展开更多
关键词 冬小麦 作物模型 潜在产量 气候变化 光热熵
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河北省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及替代化肥潜力的空间分布特征
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作者 李景 赵贺 +4 位作者 李文琦 何佳遥 韩亚 高爱舫 武雪萍 《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期1389-1400,共12页
明确河北省的主要粮食作物秸秆养分资源量和替代化肥潜力,旨在为高效利用全省秸秆资源和实现化肥减量增效提供科学依据。本研究基于《河北农村统计年鉴》和文献资料数据,估算了河北省各市的玉米、小麦、水稻及大豆秸秆总产量及养分资源... 明确河北省的主要粮食作物秸秆养分资源量和替代化肥潜力,旨在为高效利用全省秸秆资源和实现化肥减量增效提供科学依据。本研究基于《河北农村统计年鉴》和文献资料数据,估算了河北省各市的玉米、小麦、水稻及大豆秸秆总产量及养分资源量、养分当季释放量和替代化肥潜力。结果表明:2016—2020年河北省年均作物秸秆总产量为5490.21万t,呈现中南高、东北低的分布特征。玉米、小麦、水稻及大豆秸秆年均产量分别为3440.62万t、1965.81万t、50.57万t和33.21万t,其中玉米和小麦秸秆所占比例达62.67%和35.81%,是全省农作物秸秆资源的主要构成部分。河北省主要作物秸秆可提供的钾(K_(2)O)、氮(N)和磷(P2O5)养分量分别为75.73万t、45.49万t和15.72万t,分别占养分资源总量的55.30%、33.22%和11.48%,全省秸秆氮磷钾养分资源量可观,以钾养分资源量为主。河北省主要作物秸秆还田当季可为土壤提供的钾(K_(2)O)、氮(N)和磷(P2O5)有效养分量分别为67.62万t、25.38万t和11.10万t,相当于钾(K_(2)O)、氮(N)和磷(P2O5)化肥施用量的104.38%、15.54%和14.52%。不同区域来看,秸秆替代化肥潜力呈现东部>南部>中部>北部的分布规律。综上所述,河北省全量秸秆还田时,在有效养分数量上,可全部替代当前区域化学钾肥投入,可部分替代氮肥和磷肥投入,在统筹管理秸秆资源时应充分考虑区域差异,以实现全省秸秆资源高效利用和化肥减施增效。 展开更多
关键词 秸秆资源 河北省 替代化肥潜力 养分资源量 当季释放率
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秸秆还田和种植制度对长江中游稻田温室气体排放的影响
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作者 李心雨 邓姣 +5 位作者 朱杰 李成伟 蒋梦蝶 刘章勇 聂江文 朱波 《农业环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期1915-1927,共13页
为研究长江中游地区不同稻作种植制度下温室气体排放对秸秆还田的响应,本研究通过田间试验,连续监测秸秆还田和不还田条件下,双季稻、再生稻和春玉米-晚稻(玉稻)3种稻作模式甲烷(CH_(4))、氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放通量及土壤理化性质和相... 为研究长江中游地区不同稻作种植制度下温室气体排放对秸秆还田的响应,本研究通过田间试验,连续监测秸秆还田和不还田条件下,双季稻、再生稻和春玉米-晚稻(玉稻)3种稻作模式甲烷(CH_(4))、氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放通量及土壤理化性质和相关环境因子的变化差异。结果表明:双季稻和再生稻周年CH_(4)累积排放量分别比玉稻模式高175.5%和203.4%(秸秆还田)及109.6%和126.4%(秸秆不还田);秸秆还田导致双季稻周年CH_(4)累积排放量提高了31.4%,再生稻提高了33.9%,但对玉稻模式周年CH_(4)累积排放没有显著影响。无论是否秸秆还田,玉稻模式周年N_(2)O累积排放量显著高于双季稻和再生稻模式;秸秆还田导致玉稻模式周年N_(2)O累积排放量增加36.3%,双季稻模式增加43.7%,但对再生稻模式周年N_(2)O累积排放量没有显著影响。相关分析显示,CH_(4)排放量与气温及土壤含水量呈显著正相关,与硝态氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而N_(2)O排放量与硝态氮、铵态氮呈显著正相关。在100年尺度CO_(2)当量下,玉稻模式的周年全球增温潜势(GWP)显著低于双季稻和再生稻模式;相对于秸秆不还田,秸秆还田下双季稻模式的周年GWP显著增加31.8%,再生稻模式周年GWP显著增加32.8%,玉稻模式的周年GWP在秸秆还田和不还田下无显著差异。在所有处理中,周年GWP主要由CH_(4)排放贡献,N_(2)O排放引起的增温潜势占比较小,表明减少稻作系统CH_(4)排放对减缓温室效应至关重要。无论秸秆是否还田,玉稻模式周年温室气体排放强度(GHGI)均低于双季稻和再生稻模式,秸秆还田对不同稻作系统的周年GHGI均无显著影响。综上所述,秸秆还田对温室气体排放的影响程度因稻作模式而异,玉米-晚稻轮作是一种生态环境友好型的稻田种植模式。 展开更多
关键词 再生稻 玉米水稻轮作 甲烷 氧化亚氮 全球增温潜势 温室气体排放强度
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不同地形区秸秆和粪尿的养分结构差异及替减化肥潜力分析:以安徽省为例
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作者 陈磊 夏小林 +2 位作者 张靖雨 汪邦稳 龙昶宇 《生态与农村环境学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期1006-1016,共11页
在可持续发展共识前提下,提高作物秸秆和人-畜-禽粪尿的使用效率已成为客观要求。地形条件限制了农业生产生活方式,使得不同地形区域间秸秆和粪尿的组成、分布和环境效益存在显著差异,亟需开展针对性的分析,为制定有机废物可持续利用和... 在可持续发展共识前提下,提高作物秸秆和人-畜-禽粪尿的使用效率已成为客观要求。地形条件限制了农业生产生活方式,使得不同地形区域间秸秆和粪尿的组成、分布和环境效益存在显著差异,亟需开展针对性的分析,为制定有机废物可持续利用和管理战略奠定基础。以安徽省为典型研究案例,基于结构差异指数等方法评估了安徽省平原、丘陵和山区3类地形区秸秆和粪尿在生产规模和结构组成上的差异,然后通过对比养分供求关系分析了其对化肥替减的潜在贡献。结果表明,从区域间养分结构差异指数来看,平原区-山区对比组的N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分结构差异指数最高,分别为0.86、0.84、1.13,丘陵区-山区对比组最低,分别为0.26、0.25、0.25。从区域看,仅有丘陵区可以通过回用秸秆和粪尿完全取代化肥,为作物生长提供必要的营养,平原区回用秸秆和粪尿不能提供足量的N和P_(2)O_(5),山区回用秸秆和粪尿不能提供足量的P_(2)O_(5)。从养分种类看,尽管作物生长对K_(2)O的需求量远大于N和P_(2)O_(5),但K_(2)O也是仅有的可以通过回用秸秆和粪尿完全满足所有地形区养分需求的养分种类。丘陵区和山区的养分结构组成相对接近,且与平原区差别明显,不同地形区养分K_(2)O的来源组成差异最大。总体而言,秸秆和粪尿的回用可以补充农田养分,但除丘陵区外,其余地区不能完全取代化肥的使用,丘陵区的种植业和养殖业结构可为未来各区域的产业调整提供较大的参考价值。 展开更多
关键词 结构差异 利用潜力 作物秸秆 人畜禽粪 结构差异指数 不同地形区域
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海南岛主要作物磷肥需求及减量潜力分析
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作者 朱镕 李婷玉 +2 位作者 洪秀杨 阮云泽 王雁峰 《热带生物学报》 2024年第5期639-649,共11页
为了了解海南岛农田磷肥施用产品的结构特征和存在的问题。通过实地调研,收集海南岛主要粮食、蔬菜、水果等作物在单季磷肥施用强度和磷肥产品结构方面的信息,明确海南岛主要作物磷素平衡的现状;同时,对主要作物磷肥推荐用量进行评估,... 为了了解海南岛农田磷肥施用产品的结构特征和存在的问题。通过实地调研,收集海南岛主要粮食、蔬菜、水果等作物在单季磷肥施用强度和磷肥产品结构方面的信息,明确海南岛主要作物磷素平衡的现状;同时,对主要作物磷肥推荐用量进行评估,通过分析海南岛磷肥的合理需求总量,制定重点作物的磷肥减量目标。结果显示,海南岛农田作物单季磷肥平均施用强度为95.68 kg·hm^(-2)(以P计),高出全国平均水平62.17%。其中,化肥磷平均投入量为87.59 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥磷平均投入量为8.09 kg·hm^(-2),有机替代比例为8.46%。海南岛作物整体磷盈余较高,其中粮食作物磷盈余为30.00 kg·hm^(-2),蔬菜作物磷盈余为94.64 kg·hm^(-2),水果作物的为155.00 kg·hm^(-2)。截至2021年,海南岛的年均磷肥总消耗量为24.28万t(以P_(2)O_(5)计),总体减量潜力达59.90%。磷肥施用产品以高磷平衡型复合肥为主,占总磷投入的78.46%。目前,海南岛存在严重的磷肥过量施用情况,磷盈余和环境风险较高,同时有机替代比例低,具有较大的磷肥减量潜力。 展开更多
关键词 海南岛 磷肥 作物 需求 减量潜力
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基于随机森林的作物模型光温产量潜力模拟优化方法
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作者 徐浩 宋华鲁 +2 位作者 张海波 张小虎 王帅 《湖北农业科学》 2024年第8期132-139,共8页
为有效降低作物模拟所需数据量,提高计算效率,基于机器学习建立冬小麦光温产量潜力估算模型。以中国冬麦区129个农业气象站点1980—2009年光温产量潜力为研究对象,选择影响光温产量潜力模拟较大的温度、日照时数、经纬度等构建特征变量... 为有效降低作物模拟所需数据量,提高计算效率,基于机器学习建立冬小麦光温产量潜力估算模型。以中国冬麦区129个农业气象站点1980—2009年光温产量潜力为研究对象,选择影响光温产量潜力模拟较大的温度、日照时数、经纬度等构建特征变量。选择生长季与月份2个时间范围,基于WheatGrow模型输入输出数据建立生长季变量的随机森林模型(RF_GS)与月份变量的随机森林模型(RF_Mon),最后利用均方根误差(RMSE)评价随机森林模型的性能。结果表明,随机森林模型可在保证模拟精度的前提下降低数据需求量,且RF_GS精度优于RF_Mon;变量重要性检验与部分依赖图分析结果表明,纬度、生长季日照时数、5月日照时数、3月最低温度对光温产量潜力模拟影响较大;若模型验证数据的范围超出训练数据的范围,利用随机森林模型无法保证建模精度。 展开更多
关键词 作物模型 WheatGrow模型 随机森林 光温产量潜力 模拟优化方法
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山东省作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿有机肥资源现状及替代化肥潜力分析
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作者 马荣辉 杨武杰 +3 位作者 于蕾 杨泽龙 王健 郭跃升 《中国农业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期721-739,共19页
【目的】计算作物秸秆、畜禽粪尿资源数量及养分总量,分析其替代化肥潜力,为统筹与合理利用全省有机肥资源提供数据支撑。【方法】对不同作物(小麦、玉米、水稻/稻谷、大豆、马铃薯、花生和棉花)和畜禽(牛、猪、羊、家禽和兔),利用草谷... 【目的】计算作物秸秆、畜禽粪尿资源数量及养分总量,分析其替代化肥潜力,为统筹与合理利用全省有机肥资源提供数据支撑。【方法】对不同作物(小麦、玉米、水稻/稻谷、大豆、马铃薯、花生和棉花)和畜禽(牛、猪、羊、家禽和兔),利用草谷比和排泄系数法,估算山东省2016—2020年作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿资源总量及养分总量,分析变化趋势,计算不同区域和种类有机肥替代化肥潜力。【结果】(1)2020年全省作物秸秆资源总量为7 616.8×10^(4)t,养分总量为163.2×10^(4)t,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分量分别为63.6×10^(4)、9.2×10^(4)和90.5×10^(4)t。秸秆养分资源理论替代化肥潜力为42.9%,实际替代化肥潜力为20.9%;秸秆中N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O资源理论替代化肥潜力分别为35.3%、9.0%和92.2%,实际替代化肥潜力分别为12.5%、4.2%和53.7%;2016—2020年作物秸秆资源总量增加了16.8%。(2)2020年全省畜禽粪尿资源总量为9 131.2×10^(4)t,养分总量为82.7×10^(4)t,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分量分别为35.2×10^(4)、11.7×10^(4)和35.7×10^(4)t。畜禽粪尿养分资源理论替代化肥潜力为21.7%,实际替代化肥潜力为19.5%;畜禽粪尿中N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O资源理论替代化肥潜力分别为19.6%、11.4%和36.4%,实际替代化肥潜力分别为17.7%、10.3%和32.9%;2016—2020年畜禽粪尿资源总量减少了25.4%。(3)不同区域作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿养分资源理论替代化肥潜力大小为鲁西和鲁北>鲁南>鲁中南>鲁中>鲁东地区。鲁西和鲁北、鲁南地区最高,分别为77.0%和75.6%;鲁东地区最低,为46.5%。其中德州潜力最大,为95.3%,其次是东营、滨州,分别为92.6%和91.2%;烟台和威海最小,分别为35.5%和40.6%。(4)不同作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿养分资源理论替代化肥潜力分别为玉米秸秆(16.7%)>小麦秸秆(16.2%)>马铃薯秸秆(4.9%)>花生秸秆(3.6%)>水稻秸秆(0.7%)>棉花秸秆(0.4%)、大豆秸秆(0.4%),牛粪尿(8.7%)>猪粪尿(6.5%)>羊粪尿(3.2%)、家禽粪(3.2%)>兔粪(0.1%)。【结论】2020年全省作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿资源总量为16 748.0×10^(4)t,养分总量为245.9×10^(4)t。作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿养分资源理论替代化肥潜力为64.6%,实际替代化肥潜力为40.4%。作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿中氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))和钾(K_(2)O)资源理论替代化肥潜力分别为54.8%、20.4%和128.6%,实际替代化肥潜力分别为30.2%、14.5%和86.6%。鲁西、鲁北以及鲁南地区作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿有机肥资源非常丰富,鲁中、鲁东地区相对较少;玉米和小麦等作物秸秆有机肥资源较多,牛和猪等畜禽粪尿有机肥资源较多,高效合理利用作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿等有机肥资源,是实现化肥减施增效的重要保障。 展开更多
关键词 作物秸秆 畜禽粪尿 有机肥资源 替代化肥潜力 山东省
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流动沙丘先锋植物沙蓬种子库和萌发特性综述
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作者 刘雨洁 孙红 +3 位作者 李晓凤 冉瑞兰 陈国雄 赵鹏善 《草业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第10期2207-2216,共10页
沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)是流动沙丘先锋植物,逆境适应能力强,具有重要的生态恢复功能。沙蓬种子沙米,营养价值均衡全面,被食用已逾千年,可作为一种未来作物以提升我国北方干旱区粮食供给多样性。自20世纪80年代以来,关于沙蓬的... 沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)是流动沙丘先锋植物,逆境适应能力强,具有重要的生态恢复功能。沙蓬种子沙米,营养价值均衡全面,被食用已逾千年,可作为一种未来作物以提升我国北方干旱区粮食供给多样性。自20世纪80年代以来,关于沙蓬的研究主要集中在生理生态特性方面。本文系统梳理了沙蓬的先锋植物属性,总结了沙蓬植冠种子库和土壤种子库在沙丘植被演替早期的生态作用,分析了沙蓬生长季连续萌发模式,明确了沙蓬种子存在休眠现象。结果表明,沙蓬最佳萌发条件为黑暗、0.5 cm沙埋深度和昼夜变温。在解除干旱胁迫、盐渍胁迫以及种子休眠后,沙蓬可以恢复到较高的萌发率。较为全面地阐述了沙蓬适应流动沙丘的生理生态机制,为开展沙蓬遗传驯化、选育栽培适宜品系奠定了理论基础。 展开更多
关键词 沙蓬 先锋植物 种子库 休眠 从头驯化 潜势作物 生态修复
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东阳市农田土壤和农作物重金属污染评价及相关性分析
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作者 黄东荣 聂文昌 +4 位作者 张旭 万川 夏明 雷天浩 金磊华 《中国农学通报》 2024年第17期56-62,共7页
以东阳市农田区域为研究对象,重点对农业两区集中连片的基本农田保护区及土壤地球化学调查重金属异常区进行农产品安全性调查。采用点对点协同采样的方法对东阳市农田土壤和农作物进行采集,测定了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn元素8... 以东阳市农田区域为研究对象,重点对农业两区集中连片的基本农田保护区及土壤地球化学调查重金属异常区进行农产品安全性调查。采用点对点协同采样的方法对东阳市农田土壤和农作物进行采集,测定了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn元素8种重金属含量。使用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数对土壤重金属污染进行评价。结果表明:研究区存在Cd和Pb污染,相较于农用地风险筛选值,超标率分别为11.67%和5.0%;农作物存在Cd、As污染,相较于食品污染物限量,70件稻谷重金属As、Cd含量超标,超标率为25.71%、10.0%;14件芋头中重金属Cd超标,超标率为42.86%。土壤污染评价表明,土壤重金属Cd等存在强生态风险,其余重金属存在轻微生态风险可接受范围。相关性分析,土壤中As、Cr对稻谷的吸收具有拮抗作用,而土壤Cu、Ni对稻谷吸收Cd具有促进作用;土壤As、Ni对芋头Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn吸收具有拮抗作用,土壤As、Ni对芋头Cd吸收具有促进作用。 展开更多
关键词 农田土壤 重金属 农作物 潜在生态风险评价 相关性
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