A Brief Introduction of Kim's Theory of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

This paper introduces Kim's integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Building on a broad range of existing concepts, models, and research data across disciplines, Kim's theory addresses two central questions: (a) What is the essential nature of the adaptation process? and (b) why are some strangers more successful than others in the adaptation process? The first question is addressed in the form of a process model. The second question is addressed in the form of a structural model. It is by far the most broad-based theoretical account of cross-cultural adaptation.

On the Understanding of Cross-cultural Adaptation

This paper puts its emphasis on the process of cross-cultural adaptation from a theoretical perspective.First,the term cross-cultural adaptation will be interpreted.Second,the process of cross-cultural adaptation during which enculturation,acculturation,assimilation and deculturation may occur,is going to be discussed.Finally,some possible strategies for effective cross-cultural adaptation will be probed in the hope of making intercultural communication a less stressful and more positive and enjoyable experience.

On the Influence and Strategy Selection of Cross - cultural Adaptation

Different cultural subjects have different cultural and historical background, and thus inevitably bring difference in people's ideological values and behaviors etc,and even shocks. T oday,cross - cultural adaptation becomes a common social issue,and arouses general concern of the whole society. Influencing factors of cross - cultural adaptation include cultural distance,personality psychology,thinking pattern,values,social living environment,social support,know ledge & skills,pragmatic transfer etc. Based on making clear the problems,cross - cultural adaptation should be realized from multiple aspects.

The Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation:An Analysis of Outsourced

This paper employs Kim's(2001)‘Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation theory'to analyze the film—Outsourced,which talking about cross-cultural boundaries and how the protagonist Todd adapting to the Indian culture. Stress, adaptation and growth are three crucial phrases in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, which are correlated to each other and perform in a cyclic and continual way of‘draw-back-to-leap'. In this paper, each phrase is analyzed via employing theories and illustrating examples that Todd has experienced and encountered in India to highlight Todd's process of cross-cultural adaptation. Moreover, implications will be explored by the paper and suggestions will be offered to the sojourners for their better adaptation in the host country. In addition, the paper presents the differences between American culture and Indian culture, which are to some extent, the obstacles affecting successful cross-cultural adaptation.

Delivering audiovisual content with MPEG-21-enabled cross-layer QoS adaptation

Future multimedia communication systems have to support the user’s needs, the terminal capabilities, the content specification and the underlying networking technologies. The related protocols and applications must be designed from this integration perspective in a cross-layer centric manner. In this paper, we propose an implementation of a streaming service (e.g., Television over IP service) with a unified QoS management concept that enables an IP driven integration of different system components (terminal, user, content, and network). The MPEG-21 framework is used to provide a common support for imple- menting and managing the end-to-end QoS. The main focus of this paper is on the architecture design, protocols specification and implementation evaluation. Performance evaluations using PSNR and SSIM objective video quality metrics show the benefit of the proposed MPEG-21-enabled cross-layer adaptation.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale for nurse in emergency department

Objective: To follow the guidelines of intercultural adaptation provided by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons’(AAOS) Evidence-Based Medicine Committee, translating the original scale and evaluating the reliability and validity, and then to compile the Chinese version of the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale (MAVAS) for nurses in emergency room in the mainland of China. Methods: This study consists of two phases of testing:(1) translation: forward translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and pretesting;(2) psychometric properties: content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Results: The Chinese version of MAVAS and the original version showed excellent similarities and equivalence. The average Scalelevel Content Validity Index was 0.904, and the Item-level Content Validity Index ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. The construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis by LISREL 8.7;χ2/df of the scale was 4.781<5, NFI, NNFI, CFI, IFI>0.90, indicating that the scale’s factor structure model fitted better. The internal consistency was satisfactory (scale, Cronbach’s α=0.94;subscales, Cronbach’s α=0.74–0.90), and the test–retest reliability over 2 weeks was good (scale, Pearson’s coefficient=0.996;subscales, Pearson’s coefficient=0.801–0.963). Conclusions: The Chinese version of MAVAS had an excellent feasibility. It was found to be a valid and reliable tool to assess nurses’ attitude toward patients’ violence in emergency department.

Cross-cultural Adaptation Analysis and Countermeasures of Overseas Chinese Students——Take University of Lincoln as an Example

This paper is an exploratory,empirical study of the Cross-Cultural Adaptation(CCA)issues of Overseas Chinese Stu⁃dents(OCS)studying at the University of Lincoln.The project identifies OCS own language proficiency,motivation of studying abroad and intercultural adaptation attitudes and strategies as the main influencing factors in students’CCA.Research methods in⁃clude Language class observation,a questionnaire survey and interviews.Additional data collection methods include using network communication tools to conduct interviews with OCS,such as Wechat,QQ,Skype and e-mail etc.Further analysis of its causes makes a meaningful contribution to practical strategies and suggestions on how to better develop and cultivate cross-cultural adapt⁃ability.

Asher-McDade鼻唇评价量表的汉化及信效度初步研究

目的检测Asher-McDade鼻唇评价量表汉化后的信效度,明确其在中国唇裂术后效果评价的可行性。方法通过翻译、回译、调试及预调查形成中文版Asher-McDade鼻唇评价量表,选取四川大学华西口腔医院收治的80例唇腭裂患者的术后照片,并由唇腭裂外科的手术医生、护理人员、研究生共10名等进行问卷调查,检验量表的信度和效度。结果量表克隆巴赫系数为0.804,量表的重测信度为0.895。量表的内容效度指数(ICVI)为1.000,量表平均内容效度指数(S-CVI/ave)为0.95。量表Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)值为0.706,巴特利球体检验显示χ^(2)值为962.260(P<0.01),累积方差贡献率为63.095%。结论中文版Asher-McDade鼻唇评价量表具有良好的信度和效度,且适用于中国唇裂患者术后照片的效果评价。

Dynamic Distribution Adaptation Based Transfer Network for Cross Domain Bearing Fault Diagnosis

In machinery fault diagnosis,labeled data are always difficult or even impossible to obtain.Transfer learning can leverage related fault diagnosis knowledge from fully labeled source domain to enhance the fault diagnosis performance in sparsely labeled or unlabeled target domain,which has been widely used for cross domain fault diagnosis.However,existing methods focus on either marginal distribution adaptation(MDA)or conditional distribution adaptation(CDA).In practice,marginal and conditional distributions discrepancies both have significant but different influences on the domain divergence.In this paper,a dynamic distribution adaptation based transfer network(DDATN)is proposed for cross domain bearing fault diagnosis.DDATN utilizes the proposed instance-weighted dynamic maximum mean discrepancy(IDMMD)for dynamic distribution adaptation(DDA),which can dynamically estimate the influences of marginal and conditional distribution and adapt target domain with source domain.The experimental evaluation on cross domain bearing fault diagnosis demonstrates that DDATN can outperformance the state-of-the-art cross domain fault diagnosis methods.

Cultural Conflict and Cross cultural Adaptation

In Cross-cultural exchanges,there are existing differences between cultures;cultural rejection of psychological and cultural hegemony of thinking leads to widespread cultural conflict. It will cause conflict,including cultural,forms and exchanges. Cultural conflict causes cross-cultural prejudices and opposition,which lead to cultural adaptation barriers; therefore cross-cultural exchanges must adhere to civilization dialogue on the basis of cultural awareness and self-confidence. Respect for cultural differences with equal attitude and advocate for solution to cultural conflict are needed to improve the cultural adaptability.

Cross-coupling integral adaptive robust posture control of a pneumatic parallel platform

A pneumatic parallel platform driven by an air cylinder and three circumambient pneumatic muscles was considered. Firstly, a mathematical model of the pneumatic servo system was developed for the MIMO nonlinear model-based controller designed. The pneumatic muscles were controlled by three proportional position valves, and the air cylinder was controlled by a proportional pressure valve. As the forward kinematics of this structure had no analytical solution, the control strategy should be designed in joint space. A cross-coupling integral adaptive robust controller(CCIARC) which combined cross-coupling control strategy and traditional adaptive robust control(ARC) theory was developed by back-stepping method to accomplish trajectory tracking control of the parallel platform. The cross-coupling part of the controller stabilized the length error in joint space as well as the synchronization error, and the adaptive robust control part attenuated the adverse effects of modelling error and disturbance. The force character of the pneumatic muscles was difficult to model precisely, so the on-line recursive least square estimation(RLSE) method was employed to modify the model compensation. The projector mapping method was used to condition the RLSE algorithm to bound the parameters estimated. An integral feedback part was added to the traditional robust function to reduce the negative influence of the slow time-varying characteristic of pneumatic muscles and enhance the ability of trajectory tracking. The stability of the controller designed was proved through Laypunov's theory. Various contrast controllers were designed to testify the newly designed components of the CCIARC. Extensive experiments were conducted to illustrate the performance of the controller.

Adaptive Random Effects/Coefficients Modeling

Adaptive fractional polynomial modeling of general correlated outcomes is formulated to address nonlinearity in means, variances/dispersions, and correlations. Means and variances/dispersions are modeled using generalized linear models in fixed effects/coefficients. Correlations are modeled using random effects/coefficients. Nonlinearity is addressed using power transforms of primary (untransformed) predictors. Parameter estimation is based on extended linear mixed modeling generalizing both generalized estimating equations and linear mixed modeling. Models are evaluated using likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores and are generated adaptively using a heuristic search controlled by LCV scores. Cases covered include linear, Poisson, logistic, exponential, and discrete regression of correlated continuous, count/rate, dichotomous, positive continuous, and discrete numeric outcomes treated as normally, Poisson, Bernoulli, exponentially, and discrete numerically distributed, respectively. Example analyses are also generated for these five cases to compare adaptive random effects/coefficients modeling of correlated outcomes to previously developed adaptive modeling based on directly specified covariance structures. Adaptive random effects/coefficients modeling substantially outperforms direct covariance modeling in the linear, exponential, and discrete regression example analyses. It generates equivalent results in the logistic regression example analyses and it is substantially outperformed in the Poisson regression case. Random effects/coefficients modeling of correlated outcomes can provide substantial improvements in model selection compared to directly specified covariance modeling. However, directly specified covariance modeling can generate competitive or substantially better results in some cases while usually requiring less computation time.

ADAPTIVE RESOURCE ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES IN OFDMA USING CROSS-LAYER ARCHITECTURE

This paper utilizes the cross-layer architecture to implement adaptive resource allocation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based on the broadband wireless access system. According to the cross-layer architecture, the information in link layer is used for adaptive resource allocation in OFMDA. A new cross-layer adaptive resource allocation algorithm is developed which can guarantee the users to be in minimum average waiting time in link-layer and get the better spectrum utilization. Numerical results show that our scheme is appealing and can get about half of average waiting time less and 0.5 bps/Hz spectrum utilization more than the scheme in IEEE802.16a.

基于Cross-Validation的小波自适应去噪方法

小波去噪算法中,阈值的选择非常关键.提出一种自适应阈值选择算法.该算法先通过Cross-Validation方法将噪声干扰信号分成两个子信号,一个用于阈值处理,一个用作参考信号;再采用最深梯度法来寻求一个最优去噪阈值.仿真和实验结果表明:在均方误差意义上,所提算法去噪效果优于Donoho等提出的VisuShrink和SureShrink两种去噪算法,且不需要带噪信号的任何'先验信息',适应于实际信号去噪处理.

A Study of Intercultural Adaptation of Foreign Teachers in Pingdingshan Colleges and Universities

Along with the advance of cross-culture communication, intercultural adaption arouses a heated discussion in the branch of social science, which is mainly dealing with maladjustment within a host culture. As the matter of fact, in the process of education internationalization, increasing amount of foreign experts and teachers come to China and play an important role in Chinese higher education. While bringing in advanced teaching ideas to local colleges and enjoying exotic Chinese culture, they are also suffering culture shock of different degrees. The thesis is trying to find out: 1) What are the intercultural adaptation levels of foreign teachers in Pingdingshan colleges and universities? 2) What factors may affect their adaptation? 3) What should we do to improve their adaptation levels? In order to solve those problems, a practical study is conducted based on Taylor's transformative learning model theory.

Dynamics and adaptive control of a dual-arm space robot with closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters

A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of controlling the po- sition and attitude of both the satellite base and the payload grasped by the manipulator end effectors. The equations of motion in reduced-order form for the constrained system are derived by incorporating the constraint equations in terms of accelerations into Kane＇s equations of the unconstrained system. Model analysis shows that the resulting equations perfectly meet the requirement of adaptive controller design. Consequently, by using an indirect approach, an adaptive control scheme is proposed to accomplish position/attitude trajectory tracking control with the uncertain parameters be- ing estimated on-line. The actuator redundancy due to the closed-loop constraints is utilized to minimize a weighted norm of the joint torques. Global asymptotic stability is proven by using Lyapunov＇s method, and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A Tilt-correction Adaptive Optical System for the Solar Telescope of Nanjing University

A tilt-correction adaptive optical system installed on the 430 mm Solar Telescope of Nanjing University has been put in operation. It consists of a tip-tilt mirror, a correlation tracker and an imaging CCD camera. An absolute difference algorithm is used for detecting image motion in the correlation tracker. The sampling frequency of the system is 419 Hz. We give a description of the system's configuration, an analysis of its performance and a report of our observational results. A residual jitter of 0.14 arcsec has been achieved. The error rejection bandwidth of the system can be adjusted in the range 5-28 Hz according to the beacon size and the strength of atmospheric turbulence.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system for gap acceptance behavior of right-turning vehicles at partially controlled T-intersections

Gap acceptance theory is broadly used for evaluating unsignalized intersections in developed coun tries. Intersections with no specific priority to any move ment, known as uncontrolled intersections, are common in India. Limited priority is observed at a few intersections, where priorities are perceived by drivers based on geom etry, traffic volume, and speed on the approaches of intersection. Analyzing such intersections is complex because the overall traffic behavior is the result of drivers, vehicles, and traffic flow characteristics. Fuzzy theory has been widely used to analyze similar situations. This paper describes the application of adaptive neurofuzzy interface system （ANFIS） to the modeling of gap acceptance behavior of rightturning vehicles at limited priority Tintersections （in India, vehicles are driven on the left side of a road）. Field data are collected using video cameras at four Tintersections having limited priority. The data extracted include gap/lag, subject vehicle type, conflicting vehicle type, and driver＇s decision （accepted/rejected）. ANFIS models are developed by using 80 % of the extracted data （total data observations for major road right turning vehicles are 722 and 1,066 for minor road right turning vehicles） and remaining are used for model vali dation. Four different combinations of input variables are considered for major and minor road right turnings sepa rately. Correct prediction by ANFIS models ranges from 75.17 % to 82.16 % for major road right turning and 87.20 % to 88.62 % for minor road right turning. Themodels developed in this paper can be used in the dynamic estimation of gap acceptance in traffic simulation models.

Mechanisms for Cross-Scaling, Flexibility and Social Learning in Building Resilience to Sea Level Rise: Case Study of Hampton Roads, Virginia

This case study examines how the Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Preparedness and Resilience Intergovernmental Planning Pilot Project, a whole-of-government and whole-of-community approach to planning for and adapting to sea level rise, addressed coastal resilience in a southeastern Virginia watershed that spans multiple jurisdictions. Meeting the challenge of sea level rise requires that actors across multiple sectors—citizens, community organizations, industry and government—understand the risks and work together to make critical decisions regarding adaptation strategies and actions. The case study area includes Little Creek Amphibious Base, which is bordered by the cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach. Adaptation responses to sea level rise by the military base and the local governments will impact each other and the residents of the area, but no cooperative agreements are in place for a joint or collaborative response. This case study examines public and private infrastructure at risk, the infrastructure interdependencies, and mechanisms for providing collaborative solutions. Engagement of area residents and other stakeholders is also integral to the process of adaptation, which includes educating about sea level rise risk and provides a mechanism for social learning that enables stakeholders to participate in critical adaptation decisions. The case study demonstrates a method to improve resiliency in the case study area and inform a regional, multi-sectoral response to sea level rise adaptation strategies.

Simulation of a ground-layer adaptive optics system for the Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope

Ground Layer Adaptive Optics （GLAO） is a recently developed technique extensively applied to ground-based telescopes, which mainly compensates for the wavefront errors induced by ground-layer turbulence to get an appropriate point spread function in a wide field of view. The compensation results mainly depend on the turbu-lence distribution. The atmospheric turbulence at Dome A in the Antarctic is mainly distributed below 15 meters, which is an ideal site for applications of GLAO. The GLAO system has been simulated for the Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope, which will be set up at Dome A, and uses a rotating mirror to generate several laser guide stars and a wavefront sensor with a wide field of view to sequentially measure the wavefronts from different laser guide stars. The system is simulated on a computer and parameters of the system are given, which provide detailed information about the design of a practical GLAO system.