Identifying genetic susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus infection using collaborative cross mice and RNA-Seq approach

Background:Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)is one of the most ubiquitous fungi and its infection potency is suggested to be strongly controlled by the host genetic back-ground.The aim of this study was to search for candidate genes associated with host susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)using an RNAseq approach in CC lines and hepatic gene expression.Methods:We studied 31 male mice from 25 CC lines at 8 weeks old;the mice were infected with Af.Liver tissues were extracted from these mice 5 days post-infection,and next-generation RNA-sequencing(RNAseq)was performed.The GENE-E analysis platform was used to generate a clustered heat map matrix.Results:Significant variation in body weight changes between CC lines was ob-served.Hepatic gene expression revealed 12 top prioritized candidate genes differ-entially expressed in resistant versus susceptible mice based on body weight changes.Interestingly,three candidate genes are located within genomic intervals of the previ-ously mapped quantitative trait loci(QTL),including Gm16270 and Stox1 on chromo-some 10 and Gm11033 on chromosome 8.Conclusions:Our findings emphasize the CC mouse model's power in fine mapping the genetic components underlying susceptibility towards Af.As a next step,eQTL analysis will be performed for our RNA-Seq data.Suggested candidate genes from our study will be further assessed with a human cohort with aspergillosis.

Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

Follow-up study of hepatitis C virus infection in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis for 30 months

INTRODUCTIONA high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus(HCV)(range from 3.3%-80%)has beenreported in hemodialysis(HD)patients,andworrisome as it often becomes chronic and induceschronic liver disease,therefore thenephrologists face a major challenge of how toprevent it.The main route of HCV transmission

Nosocomial infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff,patients and caregivers

BACKGROUND There are difficulties in diagnosing nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in hospital settings. Furthermore, mortality of cases of nosocomial infection(NI) with SARS-CoV-2 is higher than that of the general infected population. In the early stage of the pandemic in Taiwan, as patients were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 at admission, NIs often go undetected. Strictly applying the systematic polymerase chain reaction(PCR) screening, as a standard infection control measure was subsequently implemented to reduce NI incidence. However, evidence on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 NIs among healthcare workers(HCWs) and caregivers is limited.AIM To assess NI incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among hospital staff, hospitalized patients, and caregivers, and the transmission routes of clusters of infection.METHODS This descriptive retrospective analysis at our hospital from May 15 to August 15, 2021 included data on 132 SARS-CoV-2 NIs cases among hospital staff, inpatients, and caregivers who previously tested negative but subsequently identified with a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR) test results, or a hospital staff who tested positive following routine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the differences between hospital staff and private caregivers, and between clusters and sporadic infections.RESULTS Overall, 9149 patients and 2005 hospital staff members underwent routine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, resulting in 12 confirmed cluster and 23 sporadic infections. Among the index cases of the clusters, three(25%) cases were among hospital staff and nine(75%) cases were among other contacts. Among sporadic infections, 21(91%) cases were among hospital staff and two(9%) cases were among other contacts(P < 0.001). There was an average of 8.08 infections per cluster. The secondary cases of cluster infection were inpatients(45%), hospital staff(30%), and caregivers(25%). Private caregivers constituted 27% and 4% of the clusters and sporadic infections, respectively(P = 0.024);92.3% of them were infected in the clusters. The mortality rate was 0.0%.CONCLUSION The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was relatively high among private caregivers, indicating a need for infection control education in this group, such as social distancing, frequent handwashing, and wearing PPE.

Interferon-free treatments in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1-4 infections in a real-world setting

AIM To investigated the real-world effectiveness and safety of various regimens of interferon-free treatments in patients infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).METHODS We performed an observational study to analyze different antiviral treatments administered to 462 HCV-infected patients, of which 56.7% had liver cirrhosis. HCV RNA after 4 wk of treatment and at 12 wk after treatment sustained virologic response(SVR) as well as serious adverse events(SAEs) was analyzed first for the whole cohort and then separately in patients who met or did not meet the inclusion criteria of a clinical trial(CT-met and CT-unmet, respectively).RESULTS The most frequently prescribed treatment was simeprevir/sofosbuvir(36.4%), followed by sofosbuvir/ledipasvir(24.9%) and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir(r)/dasabuvir(19.9%). Ribavirin(RBV) was administered in 198 patients(42.9%). SVRs occurred in 437/462 patients(94.6%). The SVRs ranged between 93.3% and 100% for genotypes 1-4. SVRs were achieved in 96.2% patients in the CTmet group vs 91.9% patients in the CT-unmet group(P = 0.049). Undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 occurred in 72.9% of the patients. In the univariate analysis, the factors associated with SVRs were lower liver stiffness, absence of cirrhosis, higher platelet count, higher albumin levels, no RBV dose reduction, undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 and CT-met group. In the multivariate analysis, only albumin was an independent predictor of treatment failure(P = 0.04). Eleven patients(2.4%) developed SAEs; 5.2% and 0.7% of the patients in the CT-unmet and CT-met groups, respectively(P = 0.003).CONCLUSION A high proportion of patients with HCV infection achieved SVRs. For patients who did not meet the CT criteria, treatment regimens must be optimized.

精神分裂症合并医院感染患者血清T-AOC、CAT、NO、GSH-Px水平变化及临床意义

【目的】探讨精神分裂症(SP)合并医院感染患者血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平变化及临床意义。【方法】选取2019年6月至2021年2月本院收治的114例SP患者(观察组),依据感染情况将患者分为感染组(n=52)和未感染组(n=62)。依据感染组患者严重程度,将患者分为轻度组(n=12)、中度组(n=25)、重度组(n=15)。同时,选取于本院同期进行体检的健康志愿者为对照组(n=71)。对比研究对象血清T-AOC、CAT、NO、GSH-Px水平,分析其与感染组病情严重程度相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其对SP患者发生医院感染的诊断价值,采用Logistic回归方程分析SP患者发生医院感染的影响因素。【结果】观察组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞数、血小板、单核细胞数、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、NO高于对照组,淋巴细胞数、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAT水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。感染组LDL-C、NO高于未感染组,BDNF、HDL-C、CAT、T-AOC、GSH-Px水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px水平比较:重度组<中度组<轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清NO水平比较:重度组>中度组>轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px水平与病情严重程度呈负相关(P<0.01),血清NO水平与病情严重程度呈正相关(P<0.01)。Logistic回归方程分析显示,T-AOC<10.03 U/mL、CAT<5.34 U/mL、NO≥30.31μmol/L、GSH-Px<42.36 U/L是SP患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px、NO联合检测诊断SP患者发生医院感染时曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度均优于单项检测(P<0.05)。【结论】SP发生医院感染患者血清T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px水平降低,血清NO水平升高,可作为反映SP患者病情的生物学指标,有助于临床及时制定治疗方案,改善患者预后。

基于多中心的一次性可视支气管内窥镜成本-效益分析方法探讨

通过对多中心重症监护室现有的传统支气管镜与一次性可视支气管内窥镜进行比较,从采购成本、临床使用效果、清洁消毒以及交叉感染给临床带来的一系列成本问题进行分析,探究一次性可视支气管内窥镜的成本效益分析方法。

Infections Related to Health Care in Newborns: Documental Study Based on Analysis of Research Database

This documentary research aimed to describe the results of an epidemiological survey that sought to determine the prevalence of Infections Related to Health Care (IRHC) in newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the city of Rio de Janeiro. For methodology, the existing data in the original research database were used as the primary source. The method used was the case study in a quantitative approach. The data have been statistically arranged by odds ratio, which measured the possibility of IRHC development at the 102 newborns, by exposition at the risk factors. Results: IRHC prevalence with pneumonias, sepsis, navel’s infection and ocular infections predominance rises. Prematures are 4.10 more susceptible. Twelve hours after amniotic rupture there are 1.77 more chances of infections. Babies with more than 10 days of hospitalization are 4.70 more susceptible than those with 10 days. The registers examined were incipient at the IRHC’s characterization, beginning and duration, which make the IRHC’s diagnostic/notification difficult.

First assessment of Noise-Equivalent Sigma-Zero in GF3-02 TOPSAR mode with sea surface wind speed retrieval

Gaofen-3-02(GF3-02)is the first C-band synthetic aperture radar(SAR)satellite with terrain observation with progressive scans of SAR(TOPSAR)imaging mode in China,which plays an essential role in marine environment monitoring.Given the weak scattering characteristics of the ocean,the system thermal noise superimposed on SAR images has significant interference,especially in cross-polarization channels.Noise-Equivalent Sigma-Zero(NESZ)is a measure of the sensitivity of the radar to areas of low backscatter.The NESZ is defined to be the scattering cross-section coefficient of an area which contributes a mean level in the image equal to the signal-independent additive noise level.For TOPSAR,NESZ exhibits the shape of the SAR scanning gain curve in the azimuth and the shape of the antenna pattern in the range.Therefore,the accurate measurement of NESZ plays a vital role in the application of spaceborne SAR sea surface cross-polarization data.This paper proposes a theoretical calculation method for the NESZ curve in GF3-02 TOPSAR mode based on SAR noise inner calibration data and the imaging algorithm.A method for correcting the error existing in the theoretical curve of NESZ is also proposed according to the relationship between sea surface backscattering and wind speed and the same characteristics of target scattering in the overlapping area of adjacent sub-swaths.According to assessment with wide-swath TOPSAR cross-polarization data,the GF3-02 TOPSAR mode has a very low thermal noise level,which is better than−33 dB at the edge of each beam,and controlled below−38 dB at the center of the beam.The two-dimensional reference curves of the NESZ of each beam are provided to the GF3-02 TOPSAR users.After discussing the relationship between normalized radar cross section(NRCS)and wind speed,we provide a formula for NRCS related to wind speed and radar incidence angle.Compared with the NRCS derived from this formula and the NESZ-subtracted NRCS of SAR images,the bias is−0.0048 dB,the Root Mean Square Error is 1.671 dB and the correlation coefficient is 0.939.

2019年-2021年我院肛肠手术患者病原菌感染特点、多重耐药性及危险因素分析

目的 分析3年间赣州市立医院肛肠手术患者病原菌感染特点、多重耐药性及危险因素。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年12月赣州市立医院收治的79例肛肠手术患者,对患者手术部位的分泌物进行病原菌分离、鉴定及药敏试验,分析其主要病原菌的分布特征及耐药性,并统计患者术后1周多重耐药菌感染情况,分析患者发生多重耐药菌感染的危险因素。结果 79例患者病原菌培养结果为革兰阴性菌76株,大肠埃希菌55株,占比69.62%;肺炎克雷伯菌13株,占比16.46%。革兰阳性菌3株,均为金黄色葡萄球菌。79例患者中有25例发生多重耐药菌感染,发生率为31.65%。经logistic回归分析显示,合并2型糖尿病、术前使用抗生素、所用抗生素种类2~4种是肛肠手术患者发生多重耐药菌感染的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论 该院肛肠手术患者术后感染的病原菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主,对多种抗菌药物耐药性较高,且合并2型糖尿病、术前使用抗生素、所用抗生素种类2~4种是肛肠手术患者发生多重耐药菌感染的危险因素。

Future Long-Term Care Setting Preferences and Related Factors among Japanese Middle-Aged and Older People Living with HIV

Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has extended. This extension has led to an increase in the aging population in Japan and globally. Providing appropriate long-term care (LTC) for PLWH has thus become increasingly critical. Our study aimed to describe LTC setting preferences and related factors among middle-aged and older Japanese people living with HIV. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at two hospitals in Tokyo. One hundred seventy-five outpatients aged 40 years and above participated in this study. Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire to assess where they wanted to live once they could no longer care for themselves. Approximately 52.0% preferred a designated facility for older adults or LTC, while 30.3% preferred their home or living with family, a partner, or a friend (“familiar housing”). Bivariate analyses revealed that LTC setting preference was significantly associated with marital status, whether or not the participant had at least one child, and household composition. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that participants living with non-kin were less likely to prefer living in designated housing facilities for older adults or LTC (adjusted odds ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.05 - 0.63). The study findings suggest that family make-up and composition of cohabiters are critical indicators for LTC setting preference in this population. These findings can be the foundation for future care planning and delivery to meet the unique LTC needs and expectations of the aging population with HIV in Japan and similar global settings.

风湿免疫病患者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率及相关影响因素的多中心横断面研究

目的:以结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)检测作为筛查结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)的工具,调查我国风湿免疫病患者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率,并分析影响T-SPOT.TB检测结果的相关因素。方法:纳入自2014年9月至2016年3月我国东、中、西部13家三级甲等综合医院接诊的风湿免疫病患者作为研究对象,共计3715例。应用T-SPOT.TB对研究对象进行LTBI筛查。收集研究对象的基本信息,包括性别、年龄、地区、体质量指数、病程、吸烟史、基础疾病、结核病患者密切接触史、结核病既往史,以及糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂及生物制剂的使用情况,实验室化验结果,风湿免疫病诊断结果等。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析影响T-SPOT.TB检测结果的因素。结果:3715例研究对象T-SPOT.TB检测阳性者有672例(18.1%,95%CI:16.9%~19.3%)。不同风湿免疫病病种患者T-SPOT.TB检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=79.003,P<0.001),白塞综合征患者检测阳性率最高(44.4%,32/72),混合性结缔组织病患者检测阳性率最低(8.9%,4/45)。男性风湿免疫病患者T-SPOT.TB检测阳性率为23.6%(168/711),明显高于女性(16.8%,504/3004),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.213,P<0.001)。不同年龄组风湿免疫病患者T-SPOT.TB检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.189,P<0.001),51~60岁组检测阳性率最高(24.8%,143/577),16~20岁组检测阳性率最低(8.1%,13/160)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥41岁(aOR=1.81,95%CI:1.48~2.23),吸烟≥21支/d(aOR=1.66,95%CI:1.15~2.40),有结核病既往史(aOR=3.88,95%CI:2.71~5.57),患白塞综合征(aOR=3.00,95%CI:1.70~5.28)是T-SPOT.TB检测阳性结果的独立相关因素;使用大剂量激素(aOR=0.67,95%CI:0.47~0.96)或生物制剂(aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.36~0.84),淋巴细胞计数偏低(aOR=0.39,95%CI:0.25~0.62),低蛋白血症(aOR=0.72,95%CI:0.52~0.99),以及患多发性肌炎/皮肌炎(aOR=0.54,95%CI:0.29~0.99)、系统性红斑狼疮(aOR=0.75,95%CI:0.57~0.99)是T-SPOT.TB检测阴性结果的独立相关因素。结论:风湿免疫病患者总体结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染率为18.1%,各病种T-SPOT.TB检测阳性率差异明显。当患者有大剂量糖皮质激素、生物制剂的使用,淋巴细胞计数偏低,低蛋白血症,以及罹患系统性红斑狼疮时警惕假阴性结果。

急性髓系白血病合并血流感染的病原菌分布与耐药性变迁及患者死亡的危险因素分析

目的探讨成人急性髓系白血病(AML)合并血流感染的病原菌分布与耐药性变迁,并分析患者死亡的危险因素。方法比较85例AML合并血流感染确诊时间的前30个月(2017年1月—2019年6月检出的病原菌)和后30个月(2019年7月—2021年12月)的病原菌检出率和主要病原菌耐药率变迁情况。并按患者血流感染后6个月预后分为死亡组33例和生存组52例。采用Logistic回归分析影响AML合并血流感染患者死亡的危险因素。结果85例AML合并血流感染患者共检出98株病原菌,以革兰阴性菌为主(65/98,66.33%),其次为革兰阳性菌(29/98,29.59%)、真菌(4/98,4.08%)。后30个月检出真菌(均为念珠菌)比例较前30个月增多(P<0.05)。后30个月与前30个月检出革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌比例及大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,确诊前1个月内抗生素使用史、感染性休克为AML合并血流感染患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论成人AML合并血流感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,但近年念珠菌感染率升高,且血流感染前使用抗生素及并发感染性休克者易出现预后不良。

院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的影响因素及其耐药情况调查

【目的】探讨院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的影响因素及耐药情况。【方法】选取2018年3月至2023年1月本院收治的87例院内感染患者作为研究对象,其中28例院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌患者纳入观察组,59例院内感染鲍曼不动杆菌的患者纳入对照组。比较两组一般资料;分析菌株来源、耐药性及毒力基因;分析院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的影响因素及耐药情况。【结果】观察组中有21例(75.00%)为混合感染阳性,其中A型(肺炎链球菌)5例(23.81%)、B型(葡萄球菌)4例(19.05%)、C型(流感嗜血杆菌)2例(9.52%)、A型+B型4例(19.05%)、A型+C型2例(9.52%)、B型+C型3例(14.29%)、A型+B型+C型1例(4.76%)。对照组中有26例(44.07%)为混合感染阳性,其中A型6例(23.08%)、B型5例(19.23%)、C型4例(15.38%)、A型+B型3例(8.69%)、A型+C型3例(11.54%)、B型+C型4例(15.38%)、A型+B型+C型1例(3.85%)。两组年龄、性别、住院时间、白蛋白、科室分布、白细胞(WBC)计数及留置导管、侵入性操作、与感染患者住通病区≥1周、终末消毒残缺占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组长期使用广谱抗菌药物、合并其他细菌感染≥2种及前期肺炎克雷伯菌定植占比高于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果:长期使用广谱抗菌药物、合并其他细菌感染≥2种、前期肺炎克雷伯菌定植是患者院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的危险因素(P<0.05)。28株菌株主要来源于痰液、血液;肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢曲松耐药性最高(100%),肺炎克雷伯菌对替加环素(3.57%)、四环素(7.14%)耐药性最低;28株菌株中高黏液性菌株6株(21.43%)、非高黏液性菌株22株(78.57%),高黏液性菌株拉丝实验阳性率高于非黏液性菌株(P<0.05);高黏液性菌株iroN、rmpA及ybtS毒力基因阳性率高于非黏液性菌株(P<0.05)。【结论】长期使用广谱抗菌药物、合并其他细菌感染≥2种、前期肺炎克雷伯菌定植是患者院内感染肺炎克雷伯菌的危险因素,肺炎克雷伯菌对常见抗菌药物耐药性较为严重。

糖尿病患者发生医院内感染的影响因素风险预警模型构建与预防

目的探讨糖尿病患者发生医院内感染的影响因素、预警模型构建及预防措施。方法收集2020年1月至2023年1月该院内科收治的1059例糖尿病住院患者的临床资料,分析发生医院内感染的分布特点和危险因素并构建预警模型,总结护理预防措施。结果1059例患者中发生医院内感染63例,发生率为5.95%,其中下呼吸道感染占55.56%(35/63),胃肠道感染占17.46%(11/63),泌尿道感染占12.70%(8/63),口腔感染占6.35%(4/63),皮肤感染占3.17%(2/63),足部感染占3.17%(2/63),其他占1.59%(1/63)。住院时间长、使用抗菌药物种类多、有侵入性操作、空腹血糖值高均是医院内感染的独立影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。医院内感染影响因素风险预警模型为Logit(P)=-4.122-0.782×住院时间+2.598×空腹血糖+5.510×使用抗菌药物种类-2.240×侵入性操作。结论糖尿病患者医院内感染发生率较高,其危险因素预警模型预测拟合度较好,预测价值较高。住院期间积极采取有针对性的护理措施可有效预防医院内感染。

三级甲等医院ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控护理实践现况

目的 :调查三级甲等医院ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染(Central Line-AssociatedBloodStreamInfections,CLABSI)三级质量控制中的共性问题,为进一步制订干预措施、促进护理质量持续改进提供依据。方法 :基于Donabedian三维质量结构模型,借鉴《预防血管内导管相关血流感染过程质控工具包(推荐版)》中四大指引量表,自行编制ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控护理实践调查问卷,采用便利抽样法于2023年9月—10月对中华护理学会医院感染管理专业委员会委员所在三级甲等医院ICU进行问卷调查分析。结果 :共129家医院的215个ICU完成调查,护理实践结构维度中,156个(72.56%)ICU定期进行CLABSI培训;过程维度中,护士执行率低于80%的项目有10项(31.25%),其中52个(24.19%)ICU在CVC穿刺时使用超声引导,59个(27.44%)ICU采用指南推荐的思乐扣固定导管,55个(25.58%)ICU使用葡萄糖氯己定抗菌敷料。结果维度中,193个(89.77%)ICU填写了CLABSI发生率。结论 :目前CLABSI防控聚焦导管置管和维护过程中的结构、过程及结果环节,但调研发现临床仍未形成同质化的防控措施。建议进一步加强过程质控管理,以期更好地改进护理质量。

马铃薯及番茄晚疫病菌的核糖体DNA-ITS区段序列分析

取3个不侵染马铃薯的番茄晚疫病菌菌株和3个不侵染番茄的马铃薯晚疫病菌菌株,以及2个可交叉侵染马铃薯和番茄的菌株,提取DNA全基因组后,用引物ITS1和ITS4进行扩增,得到约850bp左右的扩增产物并进行测序,比较同源性,结果显示这些菌株的全基因组DNA序列与Genebank上登录的3个序列AF228084,AF228083,AY269995 1的同源性均为100%。3个番茄菌株之间的同源性大小为98 22%,3个马铃薯菌株之间的为99 52%,较番茄菌株的同源性高。不可交叉的两类菌株间的同源性为98 28%,可交叉侵染的番茄菌株和马铃薯菌株之间的同源性为99 17%,比不可交叉侵染的菌株间的同源性高,说明相似的序列使得生物学特性也很相似,反之,同源性有差异的,在生物特性上也表现出一定差异。

介入手术室空气压力设计与COVID-19感染控制探讨

目的探讨如何避免COVID-19在介入手术室交叉感染。方法2020年2月7至28日对国内16个省、市、自治区68所三级医院介入手术室净化空调系统空气压力设计情况进行调查,结合介入手术实际及COVID-19防控现状进行分析。结果68所医院介入手术室净化空调系统均无空气负压设计,不具备呼吸道传染病专业防护条件。结论疫情期间增强防控风险意识、加强医疗环境管理、强化感染防护措施、筹划改造、扩建及新建负压介入手术室,有助于降低COVID-19在介入手术室交叉感染风险。

2010-2014年湖北省医院感染现患率与抗菌药物使用变化趋势

目的了解湖北省医疗机构住院患者医院感染和抗菌药物使用的变化趋势,为提高医院感染管理水平提供科学依据。方法对2010、2012、2014年湖北省医院感染横断面调查结果进行分析。结果2010、2012、2014年医院感染现患率分别为3.48%(1 526/43 909)、3.03%(1 919/63 320)和2.86%(2 174/76 145),总体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.44,P<0.01)。抗菌药物使用率逐年下降,从2010年的54.29%(23 838/43 909)下降至2014年的41.02%(31 238/76 145),差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 194.09,P<0.01)。治疗使用抗菌药物患者的细菌培养送检率逐年提高,从2010年的30.49%(4 297/14 091)提高至2014年的52.13%(10 556/20 248)(χ2=1 593.98,P<0.01)。结论湖北省医院感染现患率呈下降趋势,横断面抗菌药物使用率逐步下降。

医院感染产β-内酰胺酶金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药分析

目的分析2014年首都医科大学附属北京中医医院产β-内酰胺酶金黄色葡萄球菌的分布特点及耐药性。方法收集送检标本15 620例,对产β-内酰胺酶金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离,观察其临床分布特征及耐药性。结果共分离非重复病原菌5075株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌526株(10.4%),包括产β-内酰胺酶金黄色葡萄球菌301株(57.2%),其来源主要为创口分泌液和痰液,分布科室主要有重症监护病房、皮肤科和疮疡外科,对青霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星和苯唑西林等耐药率较高,对呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺和万古霉素的耐药率均为0;多引起呼吸机相关感染、下呼吸道感染和皮肤化脓性感染等。结论产β-内酰胺酶金黄色葡萄球菌分布广泛,其对多种抗生素耐药率高,临床应高度重视。