Adaptive Random Effects/Coefficients Modeling

Adaptive fractional polynomial modeling of general correlated outcomes is formulated to address nonlinearity in means, variances/dispersions, and correlations. Means and variances/dispersions are modeled using generalized linear models in fixed effects/coefficients. Correlations are modeled using random effects/coefficients. Nonlinearity is addressed using power transforms of primary (untransformed) predictors. Parameter estimation is based on extended linear mixed modeling generalizing both generalized estimating equations and linear mixed modeling. Models are evaluated using likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores and are generated adaptively using a heuristic search controlled by LCV scores. Cases covered include linear, Poisson, logistic, exponential, and discrete regression of correlated continuous, count/rate, dichotomous, positive continuous, and discrete numeric outcomes treated as normally, Poisson, Bernoulli, exponentially, and discrete numerically distributed, respectively. Example analyses are also generated for these five cases to compare adaptive random effects/coefficients modeling of correlated outcomes to previously developed adaptive modeling based on directly specified covariance structures. Adaptive random effects/coefficients modeling substantially outperforms direct covariance modeling in the linear, exponential, and discrete regression example analyses. It generates equivalent results in the logistic regression example analyses and it is substantially outperformed in the Poisson regression case. Random effects/coefficients modeling of correlated outcomes can provide substantial improvements in model selection compared to directly specified covariance modeling. However, directly specified covariance modeling can generate competitive or substantially better results in some cases while usually requiring less computation time.

Cross-Linguistic Evidence for Distinguishing between Effected and Affected Objects

In today's academic field, the motivation for distinguishing between the effected and the affected objects has received scant attention. This article attempts to probe into this question by citing the related cross-linguistic evidence to justify such a distinction. It concludes that some grammatical constructions or linguistic phenomena across languages cannot be well interpreted without the framework of effected-/affected-object dichotomy. Both types of objects show prototypical properties of direct objects, and they are complementary in the realization of direct-objecthood.

The effect of dynamical screening on helium(e,2e) fully differential cross-sections

This paper presents the fully differential cross sections （FDCS） for 102eV electron impact single ionization of helium for both the coplanar and perpendicular plane asymmetric geometries within the framework of dynamically screened three-Coulomb-wave theory. Comparisons are made with the experimental data and those of the three-Coulomb wave function model and second-order distorted-wave Born method. The angular distribution and relative heights of the present FDCS is found to be in very good agreement with the experimental data in the perpendicular plane geometry. It is shown that dynamical screening effects are significant in this geometry. Three-body coupling is expected to be weak in the coplanar geometry, although the precise absolute value of the cross section is still sensitive to the interaction details.

Nucleus-Nucleus Effects in Fully Differential Cross Sections for Energetic C6++He Collisions with Small Momentum Transfer

The modified Coulomb-Born approximation with and without the internuclear interaction （MCB-NN and MCB） is used to calculate the fully differential cross sections （FDCS） for the single ionization of helium by lOO MeV/amu C6＋ impact. The effects of the internuclear interaction on the FDCS are examined in geometries. The results are compared with experimental data and theoretical predictions from a three-body distorted-wave （3DW） model and a time-dependent close-coupling model. It is shown that the present MCB-NN results are in good agreement with the experiments in the scattering plane and the MCB results qualitatively reproduce the experimental structure outside the scattering plane. In particular, the MCB theory predicts the ＇double-peak＇ structure in the perpendicular plane.

Effects of walk-off on cross-phase modulation induced modulation instability in an optical fibre with high-order dispersion

This paper investigates the effects of walk-off among optical pulses on cross-phase modulation induced modulation instability in the normal dispersion region of an optical fibre with high-order dispersion. The results indicate that, in the case of high-order dispersion, the walk-off effect takes on new characteristics and will influence considerably the shape, position and especially the number of the spectral regions of the gain spectra of modulation instability. Not only the group-velocity mismatch, but also the difference of the third-order dispersion of two optical waves will alter the gain spectra of modulation instability but in different ways. Depending on the values of the walk-off parameters, the number of the spectral regions may increase from two to at most four, and the spectral shape and position may change too.

Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms:nitrogen as an example

Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms are considered based on the coherent scattering of the ionized electrons by the two nuclei when their separation is less than or comparable to the de Broglie wave length of the ionized electrons. As an example, the single atomic nitrogen ionization cross section and the total cross sections of two nitrogen atoms with coherently added photoionization amplitudes are calculated from the threshold to about А （1 А=0.1 nm） of the photon energy. The photoionization cross sections of atomic nitrogen are obtained by using the close-coupling R-matrix method. In the calculation 19 states are included. The ionization energy of the atomic nitrogen and the photoionization cross sections agree well with the experimental results. Based on the R-matrix results of atomic nitrogen, the interference effects between two neighbouring nitrogen atoms are obtained. It is shown that the interference effects are considerable when electrons are ionized just above the threshold, even for the separations between the two atoms are larger than two times of the bond length of N2 molecules. Therefore, in hot and dense samples, effects caused by the coherent interference between the neighbours are expected to be observable for the total photoionization cross sections.

EFFECTS OF SLOPING BOTTOM ON THE DEEPCROSS-EQUATORIAL BOUNDARY CURRENT

This paper reports study focusing on the effects of sloping bottom on the deep cross-equatorial boundary current, and discusses model and laboratory experiment results showing that the southward that the southward intrusion distance and flow speed of the western boundary current depend on the bottom slope variation rate,the difference between and and are the current thickness at eastward edge and westward edge, respectively), and the net mass transport.

Photoemission cross section：A critical parameter in the impurity photovoltaic effect

A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic（IPV） effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters（short-circuit current density, opencircuit voltage, and conversion efficiency） of the IPV solar cell were calculated as functions of variable electron and hole photoemission cross sections. The presented results show that the electron and hole photoemission cross sections play critical roles in the IPV effect. When the electron photoemission cross section is 10^-20cm^2, the conversion efficiencyη of the IPV cell always has a negative gain（△η 0） if the IPV impurity is introduced. A large hole photoemission cross section can adversely impact IPV solar cell performance. The combination of a small hole photoemission cross section and a large electron photoemission cross section can achieve higher conversion efficiency for the IPV solar cell since a large electron photoemission cross section can enhance the necessary electron transition from the impurity level to the conduction band and a small hole photoemission cross section can reduce the needless sub-bandgap absorption. It is concluded that those impurities with small（large） hole photoemission cross section and large（small） electron photoemission cross section,whose energy levels are near the valence（or conduction） band edge, may be suitable for use in IPV solar cells. These results may help in judging whether or not an impurity is appropriate for use in IPV solar cells according to its electron and hole photoemission cross sections.

Changes in brain activation patterns according to cross-training effect in serial reaction time task An functional MRI study

Cross-training is a phenomenon related to motor learning, where motor performance of the untrained limb shows improvement in strength and skill execution following unilateral training of the homologous contralateral limb. We used functional MRI to investigate whether motor performance of the untrained limb could be improved using a serial reaction time task according to motor sequential learning of the trained limb, and whether these skill acquisitions led to changes in brain activation patterns. We recruited 20 right-handed healthy subjects, who were randomly allocated into training and control groups. The training group was trained in performance of a serial reaction time task using their non-dominant left hand, 40 minutes per day, for 10 days, over a period of 2 weeks. The control group did not receive training. Measurements of response time and percentile of response accuracy were performed twice during pre- and post-training, while brain functional MRI was scanned during performance of the serial reaction time task using the untrained right hand. In the training group, prominent changes in response time and percentile of response accuracy were observed in both the untrained right hand and the trained left hand between pre- and post-training. The control group showed no significant changes in the untrained hand between pre- and post-training. In the training group, the activated volume of the cortical areas related to motor function （i.e., primary motor cortex, premotor area, posterior parietal cortex） showed a gradual decrease, and enhanced cerebellar activation of the vermis and the newly activated ipsilateral dentate nucleus were observed during performance of the serial reaction time task using the untrained right hand, accompanied by the cross-motor learning effect. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Our findings indicate that motor skills learned over the 2-week training using the trained limb were transferred to the opposite homologous limb, and motor skill acquisition of the untrained limb led to changes in brain activation patterns in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.

Nonlinear spectral cleaning effect in cross-polarized wave generation

The underlying mechanism of the spectral cleaning effect of the cross-polarized wave（XPW） generation process was theoretically investigated. This study shows that the spectral noise of an input spectrum can be removed in the XPW generation process and that the spectral cleaning effect depends on the characteristics of the input pulses, such as the chirp and Fourier-transform-limited duration of the initial pulse, and the modulation amplitude and frequency of the spectral noise. Though these factors codetermine the output spectrum of the XPW generation process, the spectral cleaning effect is mainly affected by the initial pulse chirp. The smoothing of the spectrum in the XPW generation process leads to a significant enhancement of the coherent contrast.

连锁股东会影响企业ESG表现吗?

ESG作为企业实现绿色转型的重要手段,引起了广泛关注。连锁股东作为市场重要参与者,对企业ESG表现会产生何种影响值得进一步探究。基于2011—2022年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,检验了连锁股东对企业ESG表现的影响。研究发现:第一,连锁股东对企业ESG表现具有促进作用,这一结论在经历内生性与稳健性检验后依然成立;第二,机制分析发现,连锁股东通过提高分析师关注水平及内部控制质量进而促进企业ESG表现提升,即连锁股东对企业ESG表现具有信息效应及治理效应;第三,企业数字化转型在连锁股东与企业ESG表现之间起到正向调节作用,其强化了连锁股东对企业ESG表现的积极作用;第四,异质性分析发现,在非国有企业、媒体关注较高的企业与非重污染企业中,连锁股东对促进企业ESG表现提升的作用更显著。研究结论拓展了连锁股东经济后果的研究,也为企业提升ESG表现提供了参考。

Selection Effects of Soil Fertility on the Progenies of Soybean Crosses

The F2, F3, families and F4 lines of six soybean crosses, were selected successively under high-and low - fertility sites with the relection objective of high yield and the method of pedigree was used. Two best F4 - derived lines were chosen from each of the six crosses under both high-and low-fertility for use in this study. In 1995, the total 24 lines were tested in high, medium and low fertility sites with the same experimental design (CRB) to study the selcctoin effects of high and low - fertility. The results suggested that high- and low-fertility had different selection effects. High fertility was more effective for selecting lines, which had higher yield under high-fertility and lower yield under low-fertility; low-fertility was better for selecting lines, which had higher yield under low-fertility and lower yield under low-fertility, and high fertility was somewhat better than low fertility for selecting lines, which had higher yield under both high and low-fertility. It revealed that the lines selected from high-fertility had superior yield potential. The lines selected from high-fertility had shorter plant height, more nodes on main stem, fewer branches, higher seed-stem ratio. The reverse was true for the lines selected from low-fertility . The lodging-resistance of the lines selected from highfertility was greater than that of the lines from low-fertility. The soil fertility level of breeding nursery should be chosen according to the breeding objective.

基于自适应横程走廊的再入滑翔飞行器改进预测校正算法

针对再入滑翔飞行器(reentry gliding vehicle,RGV)预测校正制导算法中规避逻辑和制导逻辑相分离的问题,提出了一种基于自适应横程走廊的融合算法。首先,通过飞行器侧向运动轨迹与禁飞区的相交关系,动态引入规避逻辑;同时,提出禁飞区有效映射横程来量化影响飞行轨迹的禁飞区区域;最后,设计自适应横程走廊,动态调整走廊边界,控制倾侧角的翻转,实现规避逻辑和侧向制导逻辑的融合。仿真结果表明,在本文方法下,飞行器可以针对不同情况的禁飞区实现有效制导,对再入扰动具有一定的鲁棒性,并与制导逻辑和规避逻辑分离设计的算法相比,在保证制导精度的同时,具备更少的倾侧角翻转次数。

Water equivalence of some 3D dosimeters:a theoretical study based on the effective atomic number and effective fast neutron removal cross section

Effective atomic numbers for photon energy absorption(ZPEA_(eff)) and their corresponding electron numbers (NPEA_(eff)), and effective macroscopic removal cross sections of fast neutrons(RR) were calculated for 27 different types of three-dimensional dosimeters, four types of phantom materials, and water. The values of ZPEA_(eff) and NPEA_(eff) were obtained using the direct method for energies ranging from 10 keV to 20 MeV. Results are presented relative to water, for direct comparison over the range of examined energies. The effect of monomers that are used in polymer gel dosimeters on the water equivalence is discussed. The relation between Σ_R and hydrogen content was studied. Micelle gel dosimeters are highly promising because our results demonstrate perfect matching between the effective atomic number, electron density number, and fast neutron attenuation coefficient of water.

2022年芦山M_(S)6.1、马尔康M_(S)6.0和泸定M_(S)6.8地震前跨断层形变异常特征与震后变化

基于四川地区多年积累的跨断层短基线、短水准数据,通过原始观测曲线分析、断层近场三维活动及区域预测效能指标定量计算,全面分析2022年芦山M_(S)6.1、马尔康M_(S)6.0和泸定M_(S)6.8三次地震前震中周边断层异常活动及震后变化。结果显示,3次M_(S)6.0以上地震前跨断层短期异常增多,主要表现特征为显著突跳和巨幅异常。3次中强地震分别发生于巴颜喀拉块体的内部、边界断裂带及其相邻的川滇菱形块体东边界,是应力传递、构造活动与块体运动共同作用的结果,因此出现异常的场地时空重叠度较高,无法进行严格区分和剥离。此外,泸定M_(S)6.8地震前观测到粘滑失稳前的预滑现象,震后1个月跨断层形变开始出现调整恢复变化。

Probing the medium effect and isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in heavy ion collisions

Probing in-medium nucleon-nucleon （NN） cross section σ1/NN（α） in heavy ion collisions has been investigated by means of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics （IQMD） with the isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction （IMDI（T））. It is found that there are the very obvious medium effect and the sensitive isospin-dependence of nuclear stopping R on the in-medium NN cross section α1/NN（α） in the nuclear reactions induced by halo-neutron projectile and the same-mass stable projectile. However, R induced by the neutron-halo projectile is obviously lower than that induced by the corresponding stable projectile. In particular, there is a very obvious dependence of R on the medium effect of σ1/NN（α） in the whole beam energy region for the above two kinds of projectiles. Therefore, the comparison between the results of R＇s in the reactions induced by the neutron-halo projectile and the corresponding same-mass stable projectile is a more favourable probe for extracting the information of σ1/NN（α） because of adding a new judgement.

海峡两岸碳排放关联效应与低碳化合作路径研究

近年来,两岸深度参与全球产业分工与合作,为经济发展注入强劲动力。与此同时,两岸产业合作仍以“高碳”部门为主,如何提升以低碳化为目标的两岸经济合作质量已成为紧迫课题。基于世界投入产出与二氧化碳排放数据,可定量分析两岸碳排放关联效应并对协同减排重点产业进行划分。测算发现:中国内地区域内碳排放乘数效应远高于台湾地区;两岸间碳排放溢出效应呈现台湾地区对中国内地远高于中国内地对台湾地区的“单向”特征;两岸协同碳减排重点产业以机械、电气电子设备等制造业为主。当前两岸低碳化合作面临基础薄弱、制度化合作进展缓慢、服务业碳排放问题逐渐凸显等制约因素,应从机制、技术、产业、政策等多角度切入,积极探索海峡两岸低碳化合作路径,应对两岸产业合作低碳化转型挑战,推进两岸经济合作高质量发展。

基于数据驱动的动车组镍镉电池记忆效应消除策略研究

在碱性镍镉蓄电池长期未彻底充放电的情况下,蓄电池会产生次级放电平台,称为“记忆效应”。该效应会导致电池可释放容量降低,需要定期消除。在动车组蓄电池检修中,传统的“记忆效应”消除方法耗时过长,会对检修工作带来很大压力。为了降低储能检修成本,对动车组镍镉电池“记忆效应”消除策略优化方案开展研究。以实际动车组三级修镍镉蓄电池电池为研究对象,通过分析电池的充放电循环中的参数特征,结合大量的电池充放电实验,提取出与电池容量密切相关的特征数据。首先,通过特征筛选和降维组合,搭建线性模型和非线性模型的交叉加权耦合方法,创建近似模型以反映电池的真实可释放容量,消除镍镉电池不一致性对优化方案实验设计带来的系统误差。其次,在此基础上,通过调整影响电池状态的高影响因子变量,构建正交实验方案。研究动车组镍镉蓄电池“记忆效应”快速、安全的消除策略。最后,通过重复验证实验和安全性检测实验对该策略进行实证,研究结果表明,提出的镍镉蓄电池“记忆效应”消除策略能够有效恢复镍镉电池真实容量,并且能够极大地缩减时间成本(约44.15%),并且有利于缓解蓄电池因过充导致电池劣化现象。该消除方案对于提升动车组镍镉电池的维护效率及确保其安全性具有重要意义。

基于改进分层博弈交叉效率模型的政策评价

政策评估作为政策实施过程中的关键环节,是检验政策效果的基本途径与实现资源优化配置的重要依据.在复杂博弈情境下,决策单元群体间竞合关系不变的假设已经不能满足现实中效率评价的需求,考虑群体间动态变化的合作与竞争关系至关重要.本文将外界冲击下主体间竞合关系演变纳入效率评价框架,提出改进分层博弈交叉数据包络分析方法:从公平的视角出发,基于二次目标模型构建多层次效率矩阵,结合Shapley值对决策单元动态关系演变进行效率评价,进而,以水权交易市场试点政策为例,验证该模型的可行性.该方法放松了政策前后群体竞合关系稳定的假设,验证了水权交易市场政策的有效性和外溢性,为能源与环境领域试点政策效果评价提供了新方法.

机构大股东交叉持股与企业市场势力

本文基于我国资本市场股权结构高度集中的特征,探究机构大股东交叉持股对企业市场势力的影响。研究发现,我国资本市场机构大股东交叉持股可以显著提高投资组合公司的产品市场势力,支持了“合谋效应”假说。异质性检验发现,股权集中度越高,合谋效应越强;相比于金融资本,产业资本交叉持股的合谋效应更强。机制检验发现,机构大股东交叉持股还会通过向上操纵持股公司的生产成本以“合理化”产品价格上升。经济后果检验发现,机构大股东交叉持股的合谋效应会显著弱化《反垄断法》的实施效果。本文揭示了机构大股东交叉持股的合谋效应,讨论了其对企业市场势力的影响,对市场监管具有重要的政策启示。