Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system.This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems...Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system.This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems across various fields.An increasing number of users are participating in application systems that use blockchain as their underlying architecture.As the number of transactions and the capital involved in blockchain grow,ensuring information security becomes imperative.Addressing the verification of transactional information security and privacy has emerged as a critical challenge.Blockchain-based verification methods can effectively eliminate the need for centralized third-party organizations.However,the efficiency of nodes in storing and verifying blockchain data faces unprecedented challenges.To address this issue,this paper introduces an efficient verification scheme for transaction security.Initially,it presents a node evaluation module to estimate the activity level of user nodes participating in transactions,accompanied by a probabilistic analysis for all transactions.Subsequently,this paper optimizes the conventional transaction organization form,introduces a heterogeneous Merkle tree storage structure,and designs algorithms for constructing these heterogeneous trees.Theoretical analyses and simulation experiments conclusively demonstrate the superior performance of this scheme.When verifying the same number of transactions,the heterogeneous Merkle tree transmits less data and is more efficient than traditional methods.The findings indicate that the heterogeneous Merkle tree structure is suitable for various blockchain applications,including the Internet of Things.This scheme can markedly enhance the efficiency of information verification and bolster the security of distributed systems.展开更多
With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important forc...With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce.展开更多
Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consens...Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consensus that sea transport was far cheaper than land transport.This paper contends that the cost of protecting supply lines-specifically the expenses associated with the warships which escorted the supply ships-rendered the grain transported on the new route exceptionally costly.In this paper,the benefits and drawbacks of a maritime economy,including transaction costs,trade dependencies,and the capabilities of warships and supply ships are discussed.展开更多
This paper explores the operational strategies of cross-border micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, cross-border trade has become one of the important...This paper explores the operational strategies of cross-border micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, cross-border trade has become one of the important pathways for many MSMEs to achieve growth and competitive advantage. Firstly, the paper outlines the concept and characteristics of cross-border MSMEs, as well as the analysis of their operational environment in the context of globalization, including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Secondly, the paper proposes operational strategies for cross-border MSMEs, including international market selection and positioning, cross-border marketing strategies, supply chain management, cross-border financial management, and cross-border risk management. Finally, the paper summarizes the importance of effectively implementing these strategies for cross-border MSMEs to seize international market opportunities, reduce operational risks, and enhance competitiveness and profitability.展开更多
Most traditional trust computing models in E-commerce do not take the transaction frequency among participating entities into consideration,which makes it easy for one party of the transaction to obtain a high trust v...Most traditional trust computing models in E-commerce do not take the transaction frequency among participating entities into consideration,which makes it easy for one party of the transaction to obtain a high trust value in a short time,and brings many disadvantages,uncertainties and even attacks.To solve this problem,a transaction frequency based trust is proposed in this study.The proposed method is composed of two parts.The first part is built on the classic Bayes analysis based trust modelswhich are ease of computing for the E-commerce system.The second part is the transaction frequency module which can mitigate the potential insecurity caused by one participating entity gaining trust in a short time.Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the self-promoting attacks so as to maintain the function of E-commerce system.展开更多
Rapidly increasing cryptocurrency prices have encouraged cryptocurrency miners to participate in cryptocurrency production,increasing network hashrates and electricity consumption.Growth in network hashrates has furth...Rapidly increasing cryptocurrency prices have encouraged cryptocurrency miners to participate in cryptocurrency production,increasing network hashrates and electricity consumption.Growth in network hashrates has further crowded out small cryptocurrency investors owing to the heightened costs of mining hardware and electricity.These changes prompt cryptocurrency miners to become new investors,leading to cryptocurrency price increases.The potential bidirectional relationship between cryptocurrency price and electricity consumption remains unidentified.Hence,this research thus utilizes July 312015–July 122019 data from 13 cryptocurrencies to investigate the short-and long-run causal effects between cryptocurrency transaction and electricity consumption.Particularly,we consider structural breaks induced by external shocks through stationary analysis and comovement relationships.Over the examined time period,we found that the series of cryptocurrency transaction and electricity consumption gradually returns to mean convergence after undergoing daily shocks,with prices trending together with hashrates.Transaction fluctuations exert both a temporary effect and permanent influence on electricity consumption.Therefore,owing to the computational power deployed to wherever high profit is found,transactions are vital determinants of electricity consumption.展开更多
Accounting Information System(AIS),which is the foundation of any enterprise resource planning(ERP)system,is often built as centralized system.The technologies that allow the Internet-of-Value,which is built onfive asp...Accounting Information System(AIS),which is the foundation of any enterprise resource planning(ERP)system,is often built as centralized system.The technologies that allow the Internet-of-Value,which is built onfive aspects that are network,algorithms,distributed ledger,transfers,and assets,are based on blockchain.Cryptography and consensus protocols boost the blockchain plat-form implementation,acting as a deterrent to cyber-attacks and hacks.Blockchain platforms foster innovation among supply chain participants,resulting in ecosys-tem development.Traditional business processes have been severely disrupted by blockchains since apps and transactions that previously required centralized struc-tures or trusted third-parties to authenticate them may now function in a decentra-lized manner with the same level of assurance.Because a blockchain split in AIS may easily lead to double-spending attacks,reducing the likelihood of a split has become a very important and difficult research subject.Reduced block relay time between the nodes can minimize the block propagation time of all nodes,resulting in better Bitcoin performance.In this paper,three problems were addressed on transaction and block propagation mechanisms in order to reduce the likelihood of a split.A novel algorithm for blockchain is proposed to reduce the total pro-pagation delay in AIS transactions.Numerical results reveal that,the proposed algorithm performs better and reduce the transaction delay in AIS as compared with existing methods.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to deal with effective block chain framework for secure transactions.The rate of effective data transactions and the interoperability of the ledger are the two major obstacles involved ...The purpose of this research is to deal with effective block chain framework for secure transactions.The rate of effective data transactions and the interoperability of the ledger are the two major obstacles involved in Blockchain and to tackle this issue,Cross-Chain based Transaction(CCT)is introduced.Traditional industries have been restructured by the introduction of Internet of Things(IoT)to become smart industries through the feature of data-driven decision-making.Still,there are a few limitations,like decentralization,security vulnerabilities,poor interoperability,as well as privacy concerns in IoTs.To overcome this limitation,Blockchain has been employed to assure a safer transaction process,especially in asset exchanges.In recent decades,scalable local ledgers implement Blockchains,simultaneously sustaining peer validations of transactions which can be at local or global levels.From the single Hyperledger-based blockchains system,the CCT takes the transaction amid various chains.In addition,the most significant factor for this registration processing strategy is the Signature to ensure security.The application of the Quantum cryptographic algorithm amplifies the proposed Hyperledger-based blockchains,to strengthen the safety of the process.The key has been determined by restricting the number of transactions that reach the global Blockchain using the quantum-based hash function and accomplished by scalable local ledgers,and peer validations of transactions at local and global levels without any issues.The rate of transaction processing for entire peers has enhanced with the ancillary aid of the proposed solution,as it includes the procedure of load distribution.Without any boosted enhancement,the recommended solution utilizes the current transaction strategy,and also,it’s aimed at scalability,resource conservation,and interoperability.The experimental results of the system have been evaluated using the metrics like block weight,ledger memory,the usage of the central processing unit,and the communication overhead.展开更多
Accurate and seamless auxiliary services in the power market can guarantee smooth and continuous power system operation. China’s new round of power system reform has entered a critical period, and reform implementati...Accurate and seamless auxiliary services in the power market can guarantee smooth and continuous power system operation. China’s new round of power system reform has entered a critical period, and reform implementation requires comprehensive improvements in the maturity of the supporting auxiliary service market. This study reviews the development status and evolution path of the European unified power market and the US regional power market, provides experience for the development of China’s regional power market, then identifies the key influencing factors of auxiliary service trading mechanism design in regional power markets. To analyze the rationality of the auxiliary service trading evaluation index, this paper established an evaluation model for assessing regional power markets. Using combined weight optimization, the gray correlation TOPSIS method was applied to comprehensively evaluate auxiliary service trading in the regional power market. Finally, the application of the proposed evaluation method was briefly analyzed to examine four regional power markets in China and evaluate the effectiveness of current market construction in different regions and provide suggestions for future market construction.展开更多
Cross-border investment is essential for western China’s globalization.Global value chain(GVC)forms cross-border investment networks between industries in western China and overseas cities.Focusing on GVC,this study ...Cross-border investment is essential for western China’s globalization.Global value chain(GVC)forms cross-border investment networks between industries in western China and overseas cities.Focusing on GVC,this study uses the social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,and quadratic assignment procedure analysis method to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban networks of research and development(R&D),production,and sales formed as a result of the overseas investments of listed manufacturing companies in western China.Results showed that the three types of investment networks involved multiple industry types and multiple central cities with differentiated diversity and multicentrality.The R&D urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instruments,medicine and biological products,and metal and nonmetal industries.The destination cities were mostly those home to educational and scientific research centers.The production urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment,instrument,and food and beverage industries.The destination cities were mostly regional central cities in developing countries.The sales urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instrument,metal and nonmetal,and petrochemical and plastics industries.The destination cities were numerous and scattered.In addition,the R&D urban network easily formed specialized clusters,core nodes easily controlled the production urban network,and individual nodes did not easily control the sales urban network.Technological and economic system advantages greatly impacted the three network types.Considering the different influencing factors,this study suggests optimizing the institutional investment environment to narrow the institutional gap,adjusting and optimizing the investment layout to expand overseas markets,and increasing R&D funds to stimulate technological progress and overseas investments in western China.展开更多
In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key probl...In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key problem.The combined operation of intra-provincial and inter-provincial markets provides a new way for provincial power companies to optimize and clear the intra-provincial power market,complete the intra-provincial consumption responsibility weight index,and consume renewable energy across provinces and regions.This paper combines power generation and consumption within the province,uses inter-provincial renewable energy trading tomeet the load demand within the province and completes the index of intra-provincial consumption responsibility weights.The intra-provincial market trading and inter-provincial market clearing are respectively taken as the upper and lower levels of the model.Under the two-level electricity market operation framework,the upper-level model aims to minimize the expected total operating cost within the province considering the carbon emission cost and the weight of the consumption responsibility,while the lower-level model aims to minimize the inter-provincial renewable energy purchasing cost.Finally,the influence of inter-provincial transaction mechanism,risk aversion coefficient,voucher price,and responsibility weight on operating cost is analyzed.Simulation is used to verify that the proposed model can meet the requirements of the provincial load power consumption and the consumption responsibility weight index,and promote the consumption of renewable energy.展开更多
Cryptocurrency, as a typical application scene of blockchain, has attracted broad interests from both industrial and academic communities. With its rapid development, the cryptocurrency transaction network embedding(C...Cryptocurrency, as a typical application scene of blockchain, has attracted broad interests from both industrial and academic communities. With its rapid development, the cryptocurrency transaction network embedding(CTNE) has become a hot topic. It embeds transaction nodes into low-dimensional feature space while effectively maintaining a network structure,thereby discovering desired patterns demonstrating involved users' normal and abnormal behaviors. Based on a wide investigation into the state-of-the-art CTNE, this survey has made the following efforts: 1) categorizing recent progress of CTNE methods, 2) summarizing the publicly available cryptocurrency transaction network datasets, 3) evaluating several widely-adopted methods to show their performance in several typical evaluation protocols, and 4) discussing the future trends of CTNE. By doing so, it strives to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of existing CTNE methods from static to dynamic perspectives,thereby promoting further research into this emerging and important field.展开更多
A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain struc...A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain structure of the ADN power transaction is built and the transaction information is kept in blocks.Secondly,considering the transaction needs between users and power suppliers in ADN,an energy request mechanism is proposed,and the optimization objective function is designed by integrating cost aware requests and storage aware requests.Finally,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimal search to find the power trading scheme with the minimum power purchase cost of users and the maximum power sold by power suppliers.The experimental demonstration of the proposed method based on the experimental platform shows that when the number of participants is no more than 10,the transaction delay time is 0.2 s,and the transaction cost fluctuates at 200,000 yuan,which is better than other comparison methods.展开更多
This paper deals with the security of stock market transactions within financial markets, particularly that of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). The confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data ...This paper deals with the security of stock market transactions within financial markets, particularly that of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). The confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data in the stock market being crucial, the implementation of robust systems which guarantee trust between the different actors is essential. We therefore proposed, after analyzing the limits of several security approaches in the literature, an architecture based on blockchain technology making it possible to both identify and reduce the vulnerabilities linked to the design, implementation work or the use of web applications used for transactions. Our proposal makes it possible, thanks to two-factor authentication via the Blockchain, to strengthen the security of investors’ accounts and the automated recording of transactions in the Blockchain while guaranteeing the integrity of stock market operations. It also provides an application vulnerability report. To validate our approach, we compared our results to those of three other security tools, at the level of different metrics. Our approach achieved the best performance in each case.展开更多
The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-ro...The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.展开更多
With the conclusion of the novel coronavirus pandemic and the increasingly complex market environment,China’s cross-border e-commerce has entered a new phase of development.The external landscape is evolving rapidly,...With the conclusion of the novel coronavirus pandemic and the increasingly complex market environment,China’s cross-border e-commerce has entered a new phase of development.The external landscape is evolving rapidly,and there is a gradual improvement in laws and regulations governing cross-border e-commerce,coupled with increased government support.Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market economy,overall development has been steadily improving.The Internet population is expanding,the online retail market is experiencing rapid growth,the consumption structure is undergoing transformation and upgrading,and the e-commerce market is demonstrating significant potential.The advancement of technologies such as big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain,and supply chain has provided more efficient operational support for the cross-border e-commerce industry.Against the backdrop of the emergence of new forms of cross-border e-commerce in China post-pandemic,this paper utilizes the PEST model to analyze the macro environment of cross-border e-commerce in China and project its future development trends.展开更多
The business environment is an important index for measuring the international competitiveness of a country or region.Improving the business environment not only helps the logistics industry reduce costs and increase ...The business environment is an important index for measuring the international competitiveness of a country or region.Improving the business environment not only helps the logistics industry reduce costs and increase efficiency but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of the logistics sector.This paper focuses on the business environment of cross-border logistics enterprises in Harbin New District as the research object.It constructs the business environment index system of logistics enterprises in Harbin New District through empirical research using the subjective weighting method.The research data are then analyzed to identify the shortcomings in optimizing the business environment of cross-border logistics in Harbin New District.The paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions,aiming to provide a decision-making reference for promoting the high-quality development and all-round revitalization of Harbin New District.展开更多
The rapid development of the“Internet+”has ushered in a new era of global digital technology innovation.Concurrent with the deepening trends of economic globalization and integration,international trade is progressi...The rapid development of the“Internet+”has ushered in a new era of global digital technology innovation.Concurrent with the deepening trends of economic globalization and integration,international trade is progressively undergoing extensive digitization,with cross-border e-commerce emerging as a significant manifestation of this transformation.Within this landscape,the cross-border e-commerce B2B platform is anticipated to become a pivotal driver for China’s cross-border trade growth,representing a strategic opportunity for trade transformation.This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concepts,characteristics,and development status of cross-border e-commerce and B2B platforms,considering both global and Chinese perspectives.Focusing on a prominent case study,Alibaba International Station,a B2B cross-border e-commerce platform,the paper delves into its business model and core competencies,offering a thorough analysis of its role in the intricacies of international e-commerce and its contribution to the field.Drawing on insights gained,the paper concludes by presenting targeted recommendations from both the platform and government perspectives.These suggestions are informed by a nuanced understanding of the development opportunities and challenges facing China’s cross-border e-commerce B2B platforms.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072056,62172058)the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2023R102)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia+4 种基金funded by the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2022SK2107,2022GK2019)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30054)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(PBD2021-15)the Young Doctor Innovation Program of Zhejiang Shuren University(2019QC30)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20220940,CX20220941).
文摘Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system.This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems across various fields.An increasing number of users are participating in application systems that use blockchain as their underlying architecture.As the number of transactions and the capital involved in blockchain grow,ensuring information security becomes imperative.Addressing the verification of transactional information security and privacy has emerged as a critical challenge.Blockchain-based verification methods can effectively eliminate the need for centralized third-party organizations.However,the efficiency of nodes in storing and verifying blockchain data faces unprecedented challenges.To address this issue,this paper introduces an efficient verification scheme for transaction security.Initially,it presents a node evaluation module to estimate the activity level of user nodes participating in transactions,accompanied by a probabilistic analysis for all transactions.Subsequently,this paper optimizes the conventional transaction organization form,introduces a heterogeneous Merkle tree storage structure,and designs algorithms for constructing these heterogeneous trees.Theoretical analyses and simulation experiments conclusively demonstrate the superior performance of this scheme.When verifying the same number of transactions,the heterogeneous Merkle tree transmits less data and is more efficient than traditional methods.The findings indicate that the heterogeneous Merkle tree structure is suitable for various blockchain applications,including the Internet of Things.This scheme can markedly enhance the efficiency of information verification and bolster the security of distributed systems.
基金Supported by Western Project of National Social Science Fund of China(23XJY013)Project of Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2022D032).
文摘With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce.
文摘Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consensus that sea transport was far cheaper than land transport.This paper contends that the cost of protecting supply lines-specifically the expenses associated with the warships which escorted the supply ships-rendered the grain transported on the new route exceptionally costly.In this paper,the benefits and drawbacks of a maritime economy,including transaction costs,trade dependencies,and the capabilities of warships and supply ships are discussed.
文摘This paper explores the operational strategies of cross-border micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, cross-border trade has become one of the important pathways for many MSMEs to achieve growth and competitive advantage. Firstly, the paper outlines the concept and characteristics of cross-border MSMEs, as well as the analysis of their operational environment in the context of globalization, including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Secondly, the paper proposes operational strategies for cross-border MSMEs, including international market selection and positioning, cross-border marketing strategies, supply chain management, cross-border financial management, and cross-border risk management. Finally, the paper summarizes the importance of effectively implementing these strategies for cross-border MSMEs to seize international market opportunities, reduce operational risks, and enhance competitiveness and profitability.
文摘Most traditional trust computing models in E-commerce do not take the transaction frequency among participating entities into consideration,which makes it easy for one party of the transaction to obtain a high trust value in a short time,and brings many disadvantages,uncertainties and even attacks.To solve this problem,a transaction frequency based trust is proposed in this study.The proposed method is composed of two parts.The first part is built on the classic Bayes analysis based trust modelswhich are ease of computing for the E-commerce system.The second part is the transaction frequency module which can mitigate the potential insecurity caused by one participating entity gaining trust in a short time.Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the self-promoting attacks so as to maintain the function of E-commerce system.
基金funding agencies in the public,commercial,or notfor-profit sectors.
文摘Rapidly increasing cryptocurrency prices have encouraged cryptocurrency miners to participate in cryptocurrency production,increasing network hashrates and electricity consumption.Growth in network hashrates has further crowded out small cryptocurrency investors owing to the heightened costs of mining hardware and electricity.These changes prompt cryptocurrency miners to become new investors,leading to cryptocurrency price increases.The potential bidirectional relationship between cryptocurrency price and electricity consumption remains unidentified.Hence,this research thus utilizes July 312015–July 122019 data from 13 cryptocurrencies to investigate the short-and long-run causal effects between cryptocurrency transaction and electricity consumption.Particularly,we consider structural breaks induced by external shocks through stationary analysis and comovement relationships.Over the examined time period,we found that the series of cryptocurrency transaction and electricity consumption gradually returns to mean convergence after undergoing daily shocks,with prices trending together with hashrates.Transaction fluctuations exert both a temporary effect and permanent influence on electricity consumption.Therefore,owing to the computational power deployed to wherever high profit is found,transactions are vital determinants of electricity consumption.
基金supported by the Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSP-2021/395),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Accounting Information System(AIS),which is the foundation of any enterprise resource planning(ERP)system,is often built as centralized system.The technologies that allow the Internet-of-Value,which is built onfive aspects that are network,algorithms,distributed ledger,transfers,and assets,are based on blockchain.Cryptography and consensus protocols boost the blockchain plat-form implementation,acting as a deterrent to cyber-attacks and hacks.Blockchain platforms foster innovation among supply chain participants,resulting in ecosys-tem development.Traditional business processes have been severely disrupted by blockchains since apps and transactions that previously required centralized struc-tures or trusted third-parties to authenticate them may now function in a decentra-lized manner with the same level of assurance.Because a blockchain split in AIS may easily lead to double-spending attacks,reducing the likelihood of a split has become a very important and difficult research subject.Reduced block relay time between the nodes can minimize the block propagation time of all nodes,resulting in better Bitcoin performance.In this paper,three problems were addressed on transaction and block propagation mechanisms in order to reduce the likelihood of a split.A novel algorithm for blockchain is proposed to reduce the total pro-pagation delay in AIS transactions.Numerical results reveal that,the proposed algorithm performs better and reduce the transaction delay in AIS as compared with existing methods.
文摘The purpose of this research is to deal with effective block chain framework for secure transactions.The rate of effective data transactions and the interoperability of the ledger are the two major obstacles involved in Blockchain and to tackle this issue,Cross-Chain based Transaction(CCT)is introduced.Traditional industries have been restructured by the introduction of Internet of Things(IoT)to become smart industries through the feature of data-driven decision-making.Still,there are a few limitations,like decentralization,security vulnerabilities,poor interoperability,as well as privacy concerns in IoTs.To overcome this limitation,Blockchain has been employed to assure a safer transaction process,especially in asset exchanges.In recent decades,scalable local ledgers implement Blockchains,simultaneously sustaining peer validations of transactions which can be at local or global levels.From the single Hyperledger-based blockchains system,the CCT takes the transaction amid various chains.In addition,the most significant factor for this registration processing strategy is the Signature to ensure security.The application of the Quantum cryptographic algorithm amplifies the proposed Hyperledger-based blockchains,to strengthen the safety of the process.The key has been determined by restricting the number of transactions that reach the global Blockchain using the quantum-based hash function and accomplished by scalable local ledgers,and peer validations of transactions at local and global levels without any issues.The rate of transaction processing for entire peers has enhanced with the ancillary aid of the proposed solution,as it includes the procedure of load distribution.Without any boosted enhancement,the recommended solution utilizes the current transaction strategy,and also,it’s aimed at scalability,resource conservation,and interoperability.The experimental results of the system have been evaluated using the metrics like block weight,ledger memory,the usage of the central processing unit,and the communication overhead.
基金supported by the Beijing Power Exchange Center (Study on the Medium and Long Term Time Division Transaction Mode and Balance Mechanism of Electric Power)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 72171082)。
文摘Accurate and seamless auxiliary services in the power market can guarantee smooth and continuous power system operation. China’s new round of power system reform has entered a critical period, and reform implementation requires comprehensive improvements in the maturity of the supporting auxiliary service market. This study reviews the development status and evolution path of the European unified power market and the US regional power market, provides experience for the development of China’s regional power market, then identifies the key influencing factors of auxiliary service trading mechanism design in regional power markets. To analyze the rationality of the auxiliary service trading evaluation index, this paper established an evaluation model for assessing regional power markets. Using combined weight optimization, the gray correlation TOPSIS method was applied to comprehensively evaluate auxiliary service trading in the regional power market. Finally, the application of the proposed evaluation method was briefly analyzed to examine four regional power markets in China and evaluate the effectiveness of current market construction in different regions and provide suggestions for future market construction.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971198)。
文摘Cross-border investment is essential for western China’s globalization.Global value chain(GVC)forms cross-border investment networks between industries in western China and overseas cities.Focusing on GVC,this study uses the social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,and quadratic assignment procedure analysis method to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban networks of research and development(R&D),production,and sales formed as a result of the overseas investments of listed manufacturing companies in western China.Results showed that the three types of investment networks involved multiple industry types and multiple central cities with differentiated diversity and multicentrality.The R&D urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instruments,medicine and biological products,and metal and nonmetal industries.The destination cities were mostly those home to educational and scientific research centers.The production urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment,instrument,and food and beverage industries.The destination cities were mostly regional central cities in developing countries.The sales urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instrument,metal and nonmetal,and petrochemical and plastics industries.The destination cities were numerous and scattered.In addition,the R&D urban network easily formed specialized clusters,core nodes easily controlled the production urban network,and individual nodes did not easily control the sales urban network.Technological and economic system advantages greatly impacted the three network types.Considering the different influencing factors,this study suggests optimizing the institutional investment environment to narrow the institutional gap,adjusting and optimizing the investment layout to expand overseas markets,and increasing R&D funds to stimulate technological progress and overseas investments in western China.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51977127)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (19020500800)“Shuguang Program” (20SG52)Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.
文摘In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key problem.The combined operation of intra-provincial and inter-provincial markets provides a new way for provincial power companies to optimize and clear the intra-provincial power market,complete the intra-provincial consumption responsibility weight index,and consume renewable energy across provinces and regions.This paper combines power generation and consumption within the province,uses inter-provincial renewable energy trading tomeet the load demand within the province and completes the index of intra-provincial consumption responsibility weights.The intra-provincial market trading and inter-provincial market clearing are respectively taken as the upper and lower levels of the model.Under the two-level electricity market operation framework,the upper-level model aims to minimize the expected total operating cost within the province considering the carbon emission cost and the weight of the consumption responsibility,while the lower-level model aims to minimize the inter-provincial renewable energy purchasing cost.Finally,the influence of inter-provincial transaction mechanism,risk aversion coefficient,voucher price,and responsibility weight on operating cost is analyzed.Simulation is used to verify that the proposed model can meet the requirements of the provincial load power consumption and the consumption responsibility weight index,and promote the consumption of renewable energy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62272078)the CAAI-Huawei MindSpore Open Fund (CAAIXSJLJJ-2021-035A)the Doctoral Student Talent Training Program of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BYJS202009)。
文摘Cryptocurrency, as a typical application scene of blockchain, has attracted broad interests from both industrial and academic communities. With its rapid development, the cryptocurrency transaction network embedding(CTNE) has become a hot topic. It embeds transaction nodes into low-dimensional feature space while effectively maintaining a network structure,thereby discovering desired patterns demonstrating involved users' normal and abnormal behaviors. Based on a wide investigation into the state-of-the-art CTNE, this survey has made the following efforts: 1) categorizing recent progress of CTNE methods, 2) summarizing the publicly available cryptocurrency transaction network datasets, 3) evaluating several widely-adopted methods to show their performance in several typical evaluation protocols, and 4) discussing the future trends of CTNE. By doing so, it strives to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of existing CTNE methods from static to dynamic perspectives,thereby promoting further research into this emerging and important field.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant 2021K622C.
文摘A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain structure of the ADN power transaction is built and the transaction information is kept in blocks.Secondly,considering the transaction needs between users and power suppliers in ADN,an energy request mechanism is proposed,and the optimization objective function is designed by integrating cost aware requests and storage aware requests.Finally,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimal search to find the power trading scheme with the minimum power purchase cost of users and the maximum power sold by power suppliers.The experimental demonstration of the proposed method based on the experimental platform shows that when the number of participants is no more than 10,the transaction delay time is 0.2 s,and the transaction cost fluctuates at 200,000 yuan,which is better than other comparison methods.
文摘This paper deals with the security of stock market transactions within financial markets, particularly that of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). The confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data in the stock market being crucial, the implementation of robust systems which guarantee trust between the different actors is essential. We therefore proposed, after analyzing the limits of several security approaches in the literature, an architecture based on blockchain technology making it possible to both identify and reduce the vulnerabilities linked to the design, implementation work or the use of web applications used for transactions. Our proposal makes it possible, thanks to two-factor authentication via the Blockchain, to strengthen the security of investors’ accounts and the automated recording of transactions in the Blockchain while guaranteeing the integrity of stock market operations. It also provides an application vulnerability report. To validate our approach, we compared our results to those of three other security tools, at the level of different metrics. Our approach achieved the best performance in each case.
基金a preliminary result of the Chinese Government Scholarship High-level Graduate Program sponsored by China Scholarship Council(Program No.CSC202206310052)。
文摘The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.
基金2023 National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program“Research on Big Data Analysis and Application of Cross-Border E-commerce in the Context of Digital Trade”(Project number:202310621323)。
文摘With the conclusion of the novel coronavirus pandemic and the increasingly complex market environment,China’s cross-border e-commerce has entered a new phase of development.The external landscape is evolving rapidly,and there is a gradual improvement in laws and regulations governing cross-border e-commerce,coupled with increased government support.Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market economy,overall development has been steadily improving.The Internet population is expanding,the online retail market is experiencing rapid growth,the consumption structure is undergoing transformation and upgrading,and the e-commerce market is demonstrating significant potential.The advancement of technologies such as big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain,and supply chain has provided more efficient operational support for the cross-border e-commerce industry.Against the backdrop of the emergence of new forms of cross-border e-commerce in China post-pandemic,this paper utilizes the PEST model to analyze the macro environment of cross-border e-commerce in China and project its future development trends.
基金Heilongjiang Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project“Study on the Construction and Operation of Government Credit Evaluation System to Optimize the Business Legal Environment”(Project Number 21FXD260)。
文摘The business environment is an important index for measuring the international competitiveness of a country or region.Improving the business environment not only helps the logistics industry reduce costs and increase efficiency but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of the logistics sector.This paper focuses on the business environment of cross-border logistics enterprises in Harbin New District as the research object.It constructs the business environment index system of logistics enterprises in Harbin New District through empirical research using the subjective weighting method.The research data are then analyzed to identify the shortcomings in optimizing the business environment of cross-border logistics in Harbin New District.The paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions,aiming to provide a decision-making reference for promoting the high-quality development and all-round revitalization of Harbin New District.
文摘The rapid development of the“Internet+”has ushered in a new era of global digital technology innovation.Concurrent with the deepening trends of economic globalization and integration,international trade is progressively undergoing extensive digitization,with cross-border e-commerce emerging as a significant manifestation of this transformation.Within this landscape,the cross-border e-commerce B2B platform is anticipated to become a pivotal driver for China’s cross-border trade growth,representing a strategic opportunity for trade transformation.This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concepts,characteristics,and development status of cross-border e-commerce and B2B platforms,considering both global and Chinese perspectives.Focusing on a prominent case study,Alibaba International Station,a B2B cross-border e-commerce platform,the paper delves into its business model and core competencies,offering a thorough analysis of its role in the intricacies of international e-commerce and its contribution to the field.Drawing on insights gained,the paper concludes by presenting targeted recommendations from both the platform and government perspectives.These suggestions are informed by a nuanced understanding of the development opportunities and challenges facing China’s cross-border e-commerce B2B platforms.