跨学科视野下对Point of View的重新界定

在西方叙事作品研究界,“point of view”自20世纪初以来一直是一个核心概念和热门话题。叙事学和文体学都十分关注这一话题。表面上看,两个学派对“point of view”进行了大致相同的探讨,而实际上两者在理念和路径上各行其道且相互排斥。叙事学界在探讨“point of view”时,将其囿于观察者的感知(区分“谁说”和“谁感知”),这种自我限制不合情理。与此相对照,文体学在探讨“point of view”时,聚焦于叙述者(说话者)的立场态度,这种自我限制也造成了很大问题。这两个学派在探讨“point of view”时各自的片面性以及相互之间的排他性还导致了不少理论上的混乱。这也对国内的研究造成了影响。本文在指出以往问题的基础上,对“point of view”提出切合实际的新的界定,旨在通过这一新的界定帮助推进理论探讨的发展并促进跨学科研究,以便对叙事作品进行更好、更为全面的分析。

Child’s Point of View vs.Adult’s in Melville’s Early Two Stories

This paper aims to study the functions of two different points of view from the perspective of narratology,namely,the point of view of the adult and the one of the child,in two of Herman Melville’s early stories.By contrasting these two functions of the different perspectives,the author of this paper draws the conclusion that the child has a unique and significant perspective in Melville’s works.

An Interpretation of Points of View in A Thousand Splendid Suns

As the second bestseller of Khaled Hosseini' s novels that spread all over the world,A Thousand Splendid Suns embodies the quite impressive and infective writing techniques and narrative power of its writer and it also shows the unique language style of Hosseini.This paper gives an explanation of the narrative point of view and analyses the specific examples in the text.Through deepening the transition of third-person point of view between the two characters,the paper demonstrates its stylistic effects in arranging the textual structure as well as building the characters,thus deepen the theme of the whole story.

Multiple Point of View as a Deconstructing Strategy——A Poststructuralist Perspective on Lord Jim

Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim ranks among the modern novels not for its story,but for its unconventional narrative strategies of the comparatively simple plot,especially its employment of multiple point of view as a deconstructing strategy,rendering the text incapable of unambiguous interpretation.The only possible way for the reader to understand it is by active participation,finding out the thread of logic in the chaotic psyche of the multiple narrators.

On the Points of View Used in Mansfield' s “Miss Brill”

Point of view has been a big playground for study in fiction for about a century.Mansfield' s "Miss Brill" is featured by its successful use of points of view.This paper will discuss how Mansfield' s choice of a particular point of view helps to communicate the central theme of the story.

Waterpoint management system in central district with ArcView GIS

In Botswana water is the most precious natural resource and the government, through various institutions, is making an attempt to control the development and usage of this resource which is critical in all future development planning. Virtually all water used in rural areas is extracted from groundwater by means of wells and boreholes. Information on these water points, together with other surface sources, play an important role in regional economic development. An attempt, using the available water points data and Arc View GIS software, has been made to build a Water Point Management System in Central District (WPMSCD), which has already been used by the local authorities to answer day-to-day inquiries related to water points in the District.

Health Providers’ Points of View on the Impact of the Project to Strengthen the Expanded Program of Routine Vaccination from 2014 to 2018 in the Barumbu Health Zone in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

According to the World Health Organization, approximately 3 million deaths are prevented each year in the world thanks to vaccination and then, in addition, each year, it makes it possible to avoid nearly 750,000 children suffering from serious physical, mental or neurological handicaps and 1.5 million other deaths could be avoided if the vaccination coverage is improved. However, vaccination coverage is often not achieved due to various difficulties encountered by health providers in the expanded program on vaccination activities. Yet, it is important to strengthen the program. This research paper aimed to assess health providers’ points of view on the impact of the project to strengthen the routine expanded program on vaccination in the Barumbu health zone in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (RDC). To do so, we surveyed a convenience sample of 234 health providers involved in the implementation of the project, including 210 community relays, 9 permanent nurses, 9 health committee chairpersons and 6 health authorities. A questionnaire related to the objective of the research was submitted to them. After analyzing the data, we found that the points of view of health providers are negative. The performance of the vaccination program was not great. Several reasons were given for this, including the non-involvement of the political and administrative authorities, the failure to respect the funds disbursement circuit and the non-effective financing of vaccination activities in the Barumbu health zone in Kinshasa, DRC.

Fight Against Poverty From the Islamic Point of View： The Wealth Distribution and Share

Today, poverty is one of the most important problems in the world. This is not only the problem of poor people living in specific regions but also the problem of all people in general. Poverty is expected to decrease as the welfare level increases. The World Bank predicts that extreme poverty will disappear until 2030 but mentions significant hesitations in achieving this objective. Even though extreme poverty will have actually disappeared in 2030, the deep gap between the richest 20% and the poorest 20% will continue to maintain its presence. There are many reasons for poverty arising from individuals such as illiteracy, inexperience, and laziness. However, there are many reasons for poverty beyond the individual such as the management of the capital by a small group of people. While the capital continuously increases under the control of a narrow group, poor community deprived of increasing welfare benefits from it slightly and too late. In this case, the solutions that individuals striving to live below the poverty line can find on their own in order to keep alive remain quite limited. Islam has a shorter term solution for welfare share： Transferring a small amount of high-income group’s wealth to the low-income group. Through this worship called zakat, it is aimed to rid poor people of desperation. It is not theoretically impossible todevelop a method to reduce income inequality by taking the worship of zakat as a model.

To Tell A “Plausible Story” through Constructing Different Narrative Point of Views in “Wide Sargasso Sea”

"Wide Sargasso Sea"is one of Jean Rhys' novella which appealed enormous research. Although many studies touched on different meanings from its narrative perspective, most of them illustrated from the aspect which mixed narrator and point of view. This study researched this novella from the perspective of point of view suggested by Prof. Shen Dan to decode author's method of telling a"plausible story".

Analysis on Oates' Tragic Artistic Point of View in Wonderland

Oates is reputed as a representative writer of"psychological realism".Wonderland is one of her most representative novels of in the 1970 s.The author of the thesis tentatively analyzes Oates' tragic artistic point of view,hoping to contribute to the studies on Oates' artistic point of view and her works.

Overview of 3D Scene Viewpoints evaluation method

The research on 3D scene viewpoints has been a frontier problem in computer graphics and virtual reality technology.In a pioneering study,it had been extensively used in virtual scene understanding,image-based modeling,and visualization computing.With the development of computer graphics and the human-computer interaction,the viewpoint evaluation becomes more significant for the comprehensive understanding of complex scenes.The high-quality viewpoints could navigate observers to the region of interest,help subjects to seek the hidden relations of hierarchical structure,and improve the efficiency of virtual exploration.These studies later contributed to research such as robot vision,dynamic scene planning,virtual driving and artificial intelligence navigation.The introduction of visual perception had The introduction of visual perception had contributed to the inspiration of viewpoints research,and the combination with machine learning made significant progress in the viewpoints selection.The viewpoints research also has been significant in the optimization of global lighting,visualization calculation,3D supervising rendering,and reconstruction of a virtual scene.Additionally,it has a huge potential in novel fields such as 3D model retrieval,virtual tactile analysis,human visual perception research,salient point calculation,ray tracing optimization,molecular visualization,and intelligent scene computing.

Point Cloud Processing Methods for 3D Point Cloud Detection Tasks

Light detection and ranging(LiDAR)sensors play a vital role in acquiring 3D point cloud data and extracting valuable information about objects for tasks such as autonomous driving,robotics,and virtual reality(VR).However,the sparse and disordered nature of the 3D point cloud poses significant challenges to feature extraction.Overcoming limitations is critical for 3D point cloud processing.3D point cloud object detection is a very challenging and crucial task,in which point cloud processing and feature extraction methods play a crucial role and have a significant impact on subsequent object detection performance.In this overview of outstanding work in object detection from the 3D point cloud,we specifically focus on summarizing methods employed in 3D point cloud processing.We introduce the way point clouds are processed in classical 3D object detection algorithms,and their improvements to solve the problems existing in point cloud processing.Different voxelization methods and point cloud sampling strategies will influence the extracted features,thereby impacting the final detection performance.

Impact of random and scattered coincidences from outside of field of view on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with different reconstruction protocols

Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.

生活者视角下村民参与生态治理多维机制构建——基于内蒙古B嘎查草原生态补偿实践

目前在北方草原牧区广泛推行实施的生态补偿政策仍延续以往政府主导、自上而下的管理模式。在此政策驱动下,当地居民的主体性、参与性和积极性缺乏有效发挥渠道,客观上影响了基层农牧区经济—社会—环境协调发展。本研究首先立足位于科尔沁沙地西北边缘的西辽河流域环境实践,运用生活环境主义理论,较为全面地剖析生态补偿政策所面临的难题及其社会根源;其次较为深刻地探讨在实现生态修复与乡村振兴双重目标下,通过激活重塑,创建现代共治共享多民族本土知识体系的重要性;最后力求深入探索政府主导、社区主位、村民主体的参与式多维机制构建的内在逻辑及技术路径。

三维重建技术中的高效光条提取方法(特邀)

近年来,三维重建技术在工业检测、医疗成像等领域得到了广泛应用。然而,由于被测物体形状的复杂性以及环境噪声等因素的影响,现有的光条提取算法面临着提取速度慢和重建精度差的挑战。为了解决这些问题,对现有技术进行了深入分析,明确了其在处理复杂形状和噪声干扰时的局限性,提出了一种基于三维重建的高效光条提取(ELE-3D)算法。在ELE-3D算法中,通过Sobel算子精确提取图像边缘,进行二值化处理简化图像复杂性,并利用连通域分析区分噪声与条纹。通过设置面积和长宽比阈值,保留关键特征,来确定感兴趣区域(ROI),精确地识别并提取图像中的特定几何特征区域,同时有效抑制背景噪声,不仅提高了图像的质量,还确保了能够专注于分析图像中最关键的部分。实验结果表明,ELE-3D算法有效地提高了光条提取速度,并有效地抑制了噪声的干扰。在保证重建精度的前提下,测量同一物体相比较于传统的算法Steger和灰度重心法,速度分别提高了89.0%和85.3%。

一种基于广义最大相关熵准则的运动平均方法

本文提出一种基于广义最大相关熵准则的运动平均方法,有效提高了多视角点云配准的效率和精度.首先,借助李代数优化框架,导出了残差与待求变量二者之间的线性显式关系,将该残差与广义最大相关熵准则结合,提出了考虑所有相对运动的变量解算模型;其次,借助半二次优化技术和交替方向乘子法,给出了模型的一种数值解算方法;最后,提出了一种具有自适应性的核宽选取方法,以使算法在相对运动集包含较多外点的情况下仍能获得较为准确的配准结果.以真实模型和环境数据集为对象开展了对比实验,基于双视角点云配准算法分别获得了5个测试点集在30%、20%点云面积重叠率阈值下的双视角配准结果,共形成10组相对运动集.其中,相对运动集误差随重叠率阈值的下降逐渐增加.所提方法在10组运动集上均获得了较佳的配准结果,实验结果表明本文所提方法有效提高了运动平均方法的计算精度与效率.此外,当运动集包含大量外点时,采用本文所提方法仍能获得较为准确的配准结果,表明本文所提方法具有较强的鲁棒性.

“正中下怀”用法探析

从1949—2023年《人民日报》中共检索出78个“正中下怀”用例,根据对这些用例的分析,并参酌其他报刊的一些用例,可以发现,“正中下怀”可以用于第一人称视角叙述,但更多的是用于第三人称视角的叙述,而且用法也更为丰富多样。将其与明清小说以及20世纪前半叶报刊中“正中下怀”的用法进行比较,可以发现,当今“正中下怀”的用法是传承有绪的。在此基础上,对有关“正中下怀”用法的一些观点提出不同意见。

Multimodal Literacy in a New Era of Educational Technology:Comparing Points of View in Animations of Children's and Adult Literature

Purpose The paper shows the interpretive impact of different constructions of the point of view available to the reader/viewer in book and animated movie versions of a children's picture book,a novel for pre-adolescents/early teenagers,and a graphic novel for adolescents and adults.Design/Approach/Methods Excerpts from book and animated movie versions of the same story are compared using multimodal analysis of interpersonal meaning to show how the reader/viewer is positioned in relation to the characters in each version,complemented by analyses of ideational meaning to show the effect of point of view on interpretive possibilities.Findings Focusing mainly on multimodal construction of point of view,the analyses show how interpretive possibilities of ostensibly the same story are significantly reconfigured in animated adaptations compared with book versions even when the verbal narrative remains substantially unchanged.Originality/Value The study shows that it is crucial to students’critical appreciation of,and their creative contribution to,their evolving digital literary culture that in this new era of educational technology,attention in literacy and literary education focuses on developing understandings of digital multimodal narrative art,and that animated movie adaptations are not presented pedagogically as isomorphic with,or simply adjunct to,corresponding book versions.

基于GNSS载波相位的守时系统远程性能评估方法研究

为测试在建守时系统性能,提出基于GNSS载波相位的远程评估方法,并开展实验验证。以国家标准时间UTC(NTSC)为参考,基于西安和北京地区4个测站连续15 d的GNSS观测数据,分别采用PPP和载波相位共视(PCV)法解算得到待测守时系统相对UTC(NTSC)的时间偏差,然后对待测守时系统的相对频率偏差、频率稳定度等关键指标进行分析。结果表明,PCV和PPP时间传递链路的系统误差小,时间传递准确度高,采用PCV和PPP时间传递可准确测量相距较远的守时系统的频率稳定度、相对频率偏差等特性,可为下一步国产守时系统性能远程测试打下坚实基础。

联合傅里叶卷积与通道注意力的光场角度重建

光场相机能够同时捕获光线的强度和方向信息,但由于成像传感器尺寸的限制,无法同时获得高空间和角度分辨率的光场图像。提出了一种联合傅里叶卷积和通道注意力的光场角度重建方法,通过使用稀疏光场图像4个边角位置的参考视图,可以间接地重建出密集光场图像。考虑到光场数据的内在4D结构,采用通道级密集快速傅里叶残差卷积块,在空域和频域对光场图像的空间和角度相关性进行建模,然后采用基于全局响应归一化的通道注意块,以实现通道间的自适应融合。此外,还提出了一种改进的视点加权间接合成方法,通过为每个参考视图分配一个置信图,为参考视图之间建立联系以合成更真实的新视图。实验结果表明,相比于现有先进的光场角度重建算法IRVAE,所提方法的重建光场图像质量在自然光场数据集30Scenes,Occlusion和Reflective上的平均PSNR分别提高了0.08,0.13和0.13 dB。所提方法在保证光场角度一致性的前提下取得了清晰的重建结果。