A broadband cross-polarization conversion anisotropic metasurface based on multiple plasmon resonances

A compact broadband cross-polarization conversion metasurface functioning in the microwave regime is realized and experimentally demonstrated. The metasurface consists of a two-dimensional periodic arrangement of anisotropic double- slit split-ring-resonator-based unit cells printed on top of a dielectric substrate, backed by metallic cladding. The proposed metasurface converts an x- or y-polarized wave into its orthogonal polarization over a fractional bandwidth of 100% from 5- 15 GHz, both for normal as well as oblique incidence. Moreover, the sub-wavelength unit-cell size, thin dielectric substrate, and unique unit-cell design collectively make the response of the metasurface same for both polarizations and insensitive to the incidence angle. The designed structure is fabricated and tested. The measurement and simulation results are found to be consistent with each other.

Cross-Polarized Single Photon Emission from Single Semiconductor Quantum Dots with V-Type Level Driven by Pulse Field

The statistic properties of photon emissions from single semiconductor quantum dots with V-type leveldriven by pulses are investigated theoretically.Based on quantum regression theorem and master equations,the dynamicequations of the second-order correlation function of the photon emissions are deduced.The calculated results reveal thatthe efficiency of single photon emissions from two orthogonal polarization eigenstates(|x〉and |y〉)reaches the maximumwhen the input pulses area is about π,and the probability of the cross-polarized single photon emission from |x〉and |y〉decreases with increasing of pulse width.

High-Efficiency Wide-Band Cross-Polarization Conversion Using Bi-layered Metal Hole Pairs

We present a polarization converter composed of bi-layered metal films perforated with rectangle hole pairs in each film. The proposed converter can convert the polarization of an incident linearly-polarized electromagnetic wave to its orthogonal direction with high efficiency and large bandwidth in the infrared or microwave regions.To make sure of the mechanism of polarization conversion, the current and electric-field distributions at different resonant frequencies are analyzed. It is found that the cross-polarized transmission is due to the near-field coupling between hole pairs in neighboring metal films. Finally, a prototype of the proposed converter is fabricated and measured in the microwave region. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated results is obtained.

Nonlinear spectral cleaning effect in cross-polarized wave generation

The underlying mechanism of the spectral cleaning effect of the cross-polarized wave（XPW） generation process was theoretically investigated. This study shows that the spectral noise of an input spectrum can be removed in the XPW generation process and that the spectral cleaning effect depends on the characteristics of the input pulses, such as the chirp and Fourier-transform-limited duration of the initial pulse, and the modulation amplitude and frequency of the spectral noise. Though these factors codetermine the output spectrum of the XPW generation process, the spectral cleaning effect is mainly affected by the initial pulse chirp. The smoothing of the spectrum in the XPW generation process leads to a significant enhancement of the coherent contrast.

In vivo assessment of structural changes of the urethra in lower urinary tract disease using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography

The paper presents the results of a study of the female urethra in cases of urethral pain syndrome(UPS)and inflammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography(CP OCT).Urethral wall structure was studied in 86 patients;233 CP OCT images were collected.A comparative qualitative analysis of three groups of CP OCT images—"norm","Inflammation"and"UPS"—identified that despite the absence of a clear inflammatory factor in the patient's examination,the urethral tissues in UPS were in an altered state.The changes in the urethral wall with UPS and in cases of inflammation were similar.Using a point scale,three experts independently performed visual scoring of the CP OCT images.Three parameters:epithelial contrast,cavities and the minimum signal depth in the co-channel were evaluated.It was found that,individually,the parameters correlate only weakly with the diag-nosis.Area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was from 0.51 to 0.78.The joint use of a number of visual signs has a greater diagnostic value than the use of the criteria individually.Area under the ROC curve using the developed cumulative criterion reached up to 0.87-0.89.This study could form the basis of a scoring system for assessing the state of the urethral tract using CP OCT images in real time.The CP OCT method provides information on the state of urethral tissues that cannot be obtained with traditional cystoscopy.

Spectral-Phase-Modulated Cross-Polarized Wave for Chirped Pulse Amplifier with High Contrast Ratio

We demonstrate a high-quality cross-polarized-wave filter based on spectral phase modulation. Driven by Well- eompressed spectral-phase fully-compensated fundamental laser lmlses, the filter stretches the pulse bandwidth from 35 nm to 7Ohm with a conversion efficeiency of 20%.

Differential Cross-Polarized Wireless Communications

This paper presents a novel method for polarized antenna transmission utilizing a differential technique. The method uses a linear cross-polarized antenna, for example, a vertical and horizontal polarized antenna, improving performance and power efficiency of wireless communications. Hence a linear relationship between the capacity of the systems and the number of cross-polarized antennas exists. The result shows the fact that this method enhances the SNR comparing to other systems. This solution is simple, compact and does not require any bandwidth expansion.

Cross-Polarized GPR Imaging of Fracture Flow Channeling

Ground penetrating radar（GPR） can be used to image fractures and monitor fluid flow in the subsurface. Conventional GPR imaging uses single-polarization, co-polarized acquisition. We examine the use of cross-polarized GPR signals for imaging flow channeling in a discrete horizontal fracture. Numerical modeling（FDTD） demonstrates that when the fracture channel is oriented at an oblique angle to the survey line, depolarization of the GPR signal results in scattered energy along the cross-polarized components. When the channel is oriented parallel or orthogonal to the survey line, all scattered energy is captured by the co-polarized components and no signal is present in the cross-polarized orientation. Multipolarization, time-lapse 3D GPR field data were acquired at the Altona Flat Rock test site in New York State. The GPR surveys were conducted during background fresh fracture water conditions and during a natural gradient saline tracer test which was used to highlight flow channels along a sub-horizontal fracture. Amplitude analysis of the cross-polarized data reveals flow channeling that is in agreement with the co-polarized GPR images and with independent hydraulic tests. This investigation demonstrates that cross-polarized components of GPR signals can be used to enhance imaging of flow channels in fractured media.

A reflecting-type highly efficient terahertz cross-polarization converter based on metamaterials

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a wideband linear polarization converter in a reflection mode operating from 2.4 to 4.2 THz with conversion efficiency of more than 80%. Our device can expand the applications to a higher frequency band. A numerical simulation is performed for this metamaterial converter, which shows a good agreement with experimental results. Importantly, a concise and intuitive calculating model is proposed for the Fabry–Pérot cavity. The theoretical results indicate that the underlying reason for the enhanced polarization conversion is the additional phase difference induced by the resonance of the meta-structure and multiple reflections within the Fabry–Pérot cavity.

Cross-polarization suppression in C-shaped microstrip patch antenna employing anisotropic dielectrics

An anisotropic dielectric realized by layered ceramic structures was adopted to design a low cross-polarization C-shaped patch antenna.The anisotropic dielectric performs as a substrate and can cause additional cross-polarized fields which are able to cancel the cross-polarized fields generated by the C-shaped patch itself,and then reduce the cross-polarization level.Compared to the C-shaped patch antenna with an isotropic substrate,the cross-polarization of the proposed antenna is suppressed by more than 15 dB with a little gain enhancement at 2.4 GHz.The anisotropic dielectric has a little impact on the direction of the C-shaped patch antenna.The gain of the proposed C-shaped patch antenna is 6.8 dB with a cross-polarization of
28 dB.

偶极子对激发的宽带平面端射高增益天线

文中提出了一款单向辐射特性的微带缝隙结构双偶极子宽带天线。该天线由阶梯型缝隙结构、共面双偶极子和5组引向器构成。阶梯型缝隙结构用于改善阻抗匹配,拓展了天线的带宽;共面双偶极子改善了天线的辐射特性;引向器提高了天线的增益。仿真和实测表明,该天线的相对带宽为66.4%(5.78 GHz~11.53 GHz),带内前后比为15.7 dB~27.4 dB、增益为8.4 dBi~11.9 dBi,并且天线的交叉极化低、辐射方向图稳定。该天线的良好性能使其在无线通信和雷达领域的应用具有极强的吸引力。

双极化复用信号的接收技术研究

针对双极化复用传输系统的交叉极化干扰问题,提出一种适用于双极化复用信号的接收技术。在接收链路本振不同源的情况下,参考信号与干扰信号载波频率不同,干扰不能被对消。从理论上推导了参考信号与干扰信号之间的频率关系,并通过频率补偿模块消除参考信号与干扰信号间的频差,使得参考信号与干扰信号频率一致,从而实现极化干扰对消。测试结果表明,链路本振不同源的情况下,该方法可有效减少交叉极化干扰带来的误码率恶化。

花岗岩矿物正交偏光镜下图像人工智能识别研究

人工智能在地球科学领域中的应用是近年来研究的热点,对地球科学的发展有着重要意义,其应用之一就是使用计算机视觉技术实现岩石或矿物的自动化识别分类。然而,目前大多研究直接对岩石薄片图像进行分类,不能够精细定位并识别薄片中多且复杂的矿物目标。虽然现已有许多学者将目标检测技术应用于岩石矿物的图像识别分类中,但这些方法识别的对象大多是岩石手标本图像,只能对图像中的单一对象检测。在识别分类研究领域中,缺少对岩石薄片镜下图像识别的算法及质量较好的相关数据集。为了解决这些问题,本文首先采集了3000张正交偏光镜下花岗岩薄片图像,标注矿物样本10000余个,并通过数据增广方式对数据集进行增强,建立了一个质量较好、具有多样性的数据集。其次本文提出基于Yolov5x的改进算法RDB-Yolov5x。这种方法在特征提取过程中添加了密集连接方式,使用密集连接残差模块(RDB)替代传统的残差结构,有效地保留了图像的语义和位置信息细节。实验结果表明该方法泛化能力较好,在对图像中小尺寸、特征模糊的矿物颗粒的识别中表现出优秀的性能,可以准确有效地对花岗岩中的五类目标矿物(石英、黑云母、白云母、斜长石、钾长石)进行识别,平均精度均值m AP达到94.1%。较对比方法,在IoU阈值为50%时提高了0.5%,阈值为95%时提高了1%。

一种宽带±45°双线极化阵列天线设计

为了满足宽带大功率相控阵极化调整、灵活干扰的应用需求,需要对±45°双线极化的阵列天线开展研究。阵元主体由金属交叉偶极子构成,通过引入金属寄生层、宽角匹配层进一步拓展了工作带宽,改善了大角度扫描特性;采用同轴巴伦实现平衡馈电和阻抗变换,使用金属反射腔体调节组阵后相邻单元间的边界条件,从而优化了阵元间的互耦特性。实验与仿真结果表明,该阵列天线在0.96 GHz~2 GHz的工作频段内具有良好的辐射特性,可以实现二维±30°的波束扫描;并且,该阵列天线具有结构简单、易于安装、耐功率性能好的特点,适合于大功率宽带干扰相控阵系统的应用。

P和L波段的典型地物雷达散射系数的研究

能够反映地物散射特性的雷达散射系数应用前景广泛,具有重要的学术价值。国内外对于L波段同极化和交叉极化雷达散射系数的差值的相关研究较少,且暂无公开的P波段典型地物的雷达散射系数数据,为了弥补这一现状,文章结合国内外实测数据分析了P波段和L波段雷达散射系数和入射角的变化关系,并对L波段和P波段典型地物的雷达散射系数进行了比较。结果表明:L波段HH极化和HV极化雷达散射系数的差值随着入射角的增大而减小,在40°入射角时,典型地物的差值在10~13 dB;P波段典型地物雷达散射系数随着入射角的增加而减小,且比L波段小1~2 dB;P波段HH极化和HV极化雷达散射系数差值随着入射角的增大而减小。文章的研究为P、L波段雷达的遥感应用积累了数据,为极化SAR反演目标信息提供帮助和借鉴。

基于^(13)C-NMR偶极去相技术的有机肥料中有机组分特征研究

【目的】在固体13C-NMR的交叉极化魔角旋转全边带抑制(cross polarization/magic angle spinning/total suppression of sidebands,CP/MAS/TOSS)技术得到的谱图中,质子碳与非质子碳的信号重叠。偶极去相(dipolar dephasing,DD)技术利用13C-1H异核耦合作用大小的差异,区分与不同质子结合的13C核基团。本研究基于DD技术探讨有机肥料中碳结构特征。【方法】供试有机肥料样品包括3种秸秆(小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆)、3种粪肥(鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪)和3种腐植酸肥(腐植酸铵、腐植酸钠、腐植酸钾)样品,利用13C-NMR谱的CP/MAS/TOSS结合DD技术,测定了不同来源的有机肥料样品图谱,比较其碳分布比例。【结果】秸秆和粪肥样品中烷氧碳组分较多,占鉴定出所有碳组分的比例分别为55%和31%~37%,非质子化的烷氧碳占比不到3%;秸秆、猪粪样品中非质子芳香碳占3%~4%,鸡粪和牛粪样品中非质子芳香碳分别占15%和11%,较秸秆和猪粪样品含有更多的非质子化芳香族化合物。粪肥和秸秆样品中甲氧基碳占比低于烷基氮。腐植酸样品以芳香碳、羧基碳和酰胺基碳为主,羧基碳和酰胺基碳占到12%~16%,总芳香族碳占48%~72%,非质子芳香碳占25%~37%,表明腐植酸芳香骨架上可能存在较多取代。【结论】基于CP/TOSS结合DD技术(偶极相移延时时间设置为40μs)分析结果发现,鸡粪和牛粪中非质子芳香碳占比高于猪粪和秸秆;腐植酸肥芳香族碳比例高于粪肥和秸秆,尤其是非质子芳香碳占比较高,表明腐植酸肥芳香化程度高于粪肥和秸秆。

基于PIN管的1-bit波束可重构反射阵

针对传统反射阵列天线不能灵活地进行波束转向,无法满足部分应用场景需求这一问题,文中设计、制作并测试了一种具有12×12个反射单元的1-bit波束可重构反射阵列。通过在两个尺寸相同的L形结构中间加载PIN二极管实现1位可重构单元,采用Ansys HFSS 15对该单元进行建模和仿真,在4.36 GHz~5.06 GHz频率范围内,单元在PIN二极管导通和断开两种状态下的相位差在180°±25°范围内,并在4.46 GHz和4.96 GHz两个频率下,具有180°相位差。对4.96 GHz进行验证,通过数字控制板独立调节每个PIN二极管,从而实现所需的相位分布。仿真和测试结果表明反射阵可以在4.96 GHz的中心频率下实现±50°范围内的波束扫描,并且在4.76 GHz~5.46 GHz频率范围内,具有相对良好的波束扫描性能。此外,反射阵采用镜面对称排布方式以改善交叉极化,实测交叉极化为-26.7 dB,相比较传统排布方式,交叉极化峰值降低了15.2 dB。

面向B5G毫米波40~50 GHz通信的漫散射传播与去极化建模

漫散射传播与极化特性对于准确刻画、掌握毫米波(mmWave)信道传播机理,建立高精度毫米波通信信道模型至关重要。针对毫米波频段建筑材料粗糙面引起的漫散射传播和去极化特性表征不足,缺乏去极化理论模型的问题,该文提出一种基于有效粗糙度理论的漫散射去极化建模方法。从电磁波的极化维度分解粗糙面材料引起的漫散射辐射传播电场,引入去极化指数构建传播模型,利用40~50 GHz频段典型材料的实测数据,研究了功率角度谱、去极化指数和交叉极化鉴别比等漫散射传播及极化特性。结果表明,所提模型能够描述表面粗糙和光滑建筑材料的极化特性,去极化转化率分别高达39%和4%。

面向2G~5G通信的双频双极化基站天线设计

为满足多种通信制式融合的无线通信需求,提出一款覆盖2G、3G、LTE、Sub-6 GHz波段的交叉偶极子基站天线。2对呈±45°正交的偶极子用以实现天线的双极化特性,辐射单元中的扇形内环、钻石状的外环分别对应天线要实现的低频以及高频波段,可以通过对内环以及外环结构参数的调整实现对2个频段的独立控制。天线上方的寄生贴片用以优化天线阻抗匹配。通过制作实物,测得天线在2个频段分别具有49.9%(1.70~2.80 GHz)和19.2%(3.20~3.88 GHz)的相对带宽,隔离度整体优于20 dB,主视轴的交叉极化比优于21 dB,2个波段的半功率波束宽分别为66°±5°、78°±6°。与已有研究比较,该天线结构简单,在交叉极化和增益方面具有显著优势。

基于超表面的交叉极化转换器设计

针对目前对极化转换器高性能的需求,提出了一种新型的反射型交叉极化转换器。基于超表面结构,极化转换器由顶层周期排列的金属图案、中间介质板和金属底板三部分组成。研究表明,在9.38~23.78 GHz频率范围内,该结构可实现极化转换率(Polarization Conversion Ratio,PCR)高于95%的交叉极化转换,其中四个谐振峰处极化转换率接近100%。此外,转换带宽为14.4 GHz,相对带宽为86.9%。该结构简单、损耗小、成本低、易于加工与集成,在微波通信、测量和成像等领域有广泛的应用前景。