The main objective of the present paper is to determine the potential impact the qualitative and quantitative tendencies in the labor market on the decisions which influence the design of monetary policy worldwide. Th...The main objective of the present paper is to determine the potential impact the qualitative and quantitative tendencies in the labor market on the decisions which influence the design of monetary policy worldwide. The analysis is focused on how human resources and phenomena associated with them could influence potential growth and, further on, how they can impact monetary policy decisions at national level for European countries outside the euro area and at ECB level for the euro zone countries. Moreover, the paper will envisage potential macroeconomic reactions （monetary decisions herewith included） to human resources dynamics. The economic variations are regarded through the perspective of growth potential shown by the Research ＆ Development sector and also through the effects of labor force migration. The analysis of statistical data aims at pointing out the different economic perspectives in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, also considering the disparities between EU member states. The analysis is completed by the use of the ranking method, the conclusions stating once more the crucial importance of the human factor in drawing monetary policy decisions展开更多
This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting...This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting to the conventions of the receiver countries. The study also focuses on three main questions： the social status of women, public education, and the anomalies of the labour market. It is also trying to find the possible way for the EU communities how to establish and develop a common immigration policy, which can solve the problem in an integrated package system and also fit into the characteristic features of the member-states. This paper is going to give an overview on issues affecting both migrant and migrant-originated communities and is going to analyse cause-reason connections. We also must find efficient responses adequate for applying as strategies for tackling challenges of this nature, which Hungary performs its EU Presidency in first term of the year 2011.展开更多
It is conventional wisdom that policy outcomes within consolidated democracies are based on a compromise between preferences of the general public and those of politicians. However, it is questionable whether these di...It is conventional wisdom that policy outcomes within consolidated democracies are based on a compromise between preferences of the general public and those of politicians. However, it is questionable whether these divergent incentives are truly translated into migration policy, and if so, how that process occurs. By treating actors＇ preference formation process as a causal mechanism, this paper hypothesizes the citizenship regime plays a central role in constructing threat perception harbored by the general public while altering politicians＇ strategic calculations on electorate. Specifically, I argue natives under a jus sanguinis （by ancestry） regime are less welcoming toward migrants, because they are less exposed to an environment where migrants have equivalent social and political rights, fulfilling their duties as full members of the host country. Thus, natives do not re-categorize these initial outsiders as in-group members. Meanwhile, politicians in a jus sanguinis regime have less incentive to enact generous policies toward migrants, because they are excluded from the voting group. In sum, countries adopting this citizenship principle are likely to be less willing to incorporate migrants. This paper uses Japan as a case to trace how this causal mechanism has operated in a country under a strictjus sanguinis principle.展开更多
Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is a promising approach.Dynamic service migration is a key technology in MEC.In order to maintain the continuity of services in a dynamic environment,mobile users need to migrate tasks betwee...Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is a promising approach.Dynamic service migration is a key technology in MEC.In order to maintain the continuity of services in a dynamic environment,mobile users need to migrate tasks between multiple servers in real time.Due to the uncertainty of movement,frequent migration will increase delays and costs and non-migration will lead to service interruption.Therefore,it is very challenging to design an optimal migration strategy.In this paper,we investigate the multi-user task migration problem in a dynamic environment and minimizes the average service delay while meeting the migration cost.In order to optimize the service delay and migration cost,we propose an adaptive weight deep deterministic policy gradient(AWDDPG)algorithm.And distributed execution and centralized training are adopted to solve the high-dimensional problem.Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the migration cost and service delay compared with the other related algorithms.展开更多
The overriding objective of this research was to assess the status,major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lesson...The overriding objective of this research was to assess the status,major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lessons to address the problem.To meet the intended objectives,desk review and key informant interview data gathering techniques were employed.The results of the assessment disclosed that Ethiopia is one of the largest origins(transit and destination as well)of the trafficked persons from Africa.The most common drivers are found to be an amalgam of socioeconomic,political and environmental factors.It was also found that the journey is often dangerous leading to physical assault,sexual abuse,abduction,robbery,drug/alcohol trafficking and even death.In most destination areas,illegal migrants face restricted mobility,exploitative working conditions and harassment of different kinds.The ultimate mechanism to address the problem was found to be adequate job creation and poverty reduction through intensified development efforts involving governmental and non-governmental organizations and the private sector.Furthermore,enhanced democratization of the government system,political tolerance,good governance,improved access to legal travel authorization(visa)for safe migration,awareness creation campaigns,improved monitoring of the private employment agencies and increased cooperation among stakeholders were found to be vital solutions to minimize and halt illicit cross-border human trafficking from Ethiopia.展开更多
文摘The main objective of the present paper is to determine the potential impact the qualitative and quantitative tendencies in the labor market on the decisions which influence the design of monetary policy worldwide. The analysis is focused on how human resources and phenomena associated with them could influence potential growth and, further on, how they can impact monetary policy decisions at national level for European countries outside the euro area and at ECB level for the euro zone countries. Moreover, the paper will envisage potential macroeconomic reactions （monetary decisions herewith included） to human resources dynamics. The economic variations are regarded through the perspective of growth potential shown by the Research ＆ Development sector and also through the effects of labor force migration. The analysis of statistical data aims at pointing out the different economic perspectives in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, also considering the disparities between EU member states. The analysis is completed by the use of the ranking method, the conclusions stating once more the crucial importance of the human factor in drawing monetary policy decisions
文摘This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting to the conventions of the receiver countries. The study also focuses on three main questions： the social status of women, public education, and the anomalies of the labour market. It is also trying to find the possible way for the EU communities how to establish and develop a common immigration policy, which can solve the problem in an integrated package system and also fit into the characteristic features of the member-states. This paper is going to give an overview on issues affecting both migrant and migrant-originated communities and is going to analyse cause-reason connections. We also must find efficient responses adequate for applying as strategies for tackling challenges of this nature, which Hungary performs its EU Presidency in first term of the year 2011.
文摘It is conventional wisdom that policy outcomes within consolidated democracies are based on a compromise between preferences of the general public and those of politicians. However, it is questionable whether these divergent incentives are truly translated into migration policy, and if so, how that process occurs. By treating actors＇ preference formation process as a causal mechanism, this paper hypothesizes the citizenship regime plays a central role in constructing threat perception harbored by the general public while altering politicians＇ strategic calculations on electorate. Specifically, I argue natives under a jus sanguinis （by ancestry） regime are less welcoming toward migrants, because they are less exposed to an environment where migrants have equivalent social and political rights, fulfilling their duties as full members of the host country. Thus, natives do not re-categorize these initial outsiders as in-group members. Meanwhile, politicians in a jus sanguinis regime have less incentive to enact generous policies toward migrants, because they are excluded from the voting group. In sum, countries adopting this citizenship principle are likely to be less willing to incorporate migrants. This paper uses Japan as a case to trace how this causal mechanism has operated in a country under a strictjus sanguinis principle.
基金Basic Science(Natural Science)Research Project of Colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province(22KJB520017).
文摘Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is a promising approach.Dynamic service migration is a key technology in MEC.In order to maintain the continuity of services in a dynamic environment,mobile users need to migrate tasks between multiple servers in real time.Due to the uncertainty of movement,frequent migration will increase delays and costs and non-migration will lead to service interruption.Therefore,it is very challenging to design an optimal migration strategy.In this paper,we investigate the multi-user task migration problem in a dynamic environment and minimizes the average service delay while meeting the migration cost.In order to optimize the service delay and migration cost,we propose an adaptive weight deep deterministic policy gradient(AWDDPG)algorithm.And distributed execution and centralized training are adopted to solve the high-dimensional problem.Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the migration cost and service delay compared with the other related algorithms.
文摘The overriding objective of this research was to assess the status,major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lessons to address the problem.To meet the intended objectives,desk review and key informant interview data gathering techniques were employed.The results of the assessment disclosed that Ethiopia is one of the largest origins(transit and destination as well)of the trafficked persons from Africa.The most common drivers are found to be an amalgam of socioeconomic,political and environmental factors.It was also found that the journey is often dangerous leading to physical assault,sexual abuse,abduction,robbery,drug/alcohol trafficking and even death.In most destination areas,illegal migrants face restricted mobility,exploitative working conditions and harassment of different kinds.The ultimate mechanism to address the problem was found to be adequate job creation and poverty reduction through intensified development efforts involving governmental and non-governmental organizations and the private sector.Furthermore,enhanced democratization of the government system,political tolerance,good governance,improved access to legal travel authorization(visa)for safe migration,awareness creation campaigns,improved monitoring of the private employment agencies and increased cooperation among stakeholders were found to be vital solutions to minimize and halt illicit cross-border human trafficking from Ethiopia.
