Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

This paper tries to integrate game theory, a very useful tool to resolve conflict phenomena, with optimal capital cost allocation issue in total emission control. First the necessity of allocating optimal capital costs fairly and reasonably among polluters in total emission control was analyzed. Then the possibility of applying game theory to the issue of the optimal capital cost allocation was expounded. Next the cooperative N person game model of the optimal capital cost allocation and its solution ways including method based on Shapley value, least core method, weak least core methods, proportional least core method, CGA method, MCRS method and so on were delineated. Finally through application of these methods it was concluded that to apply game theory in the optimal capital cost allocation issue is helpful to implement the total emission control planning schemes successfully, to control pollution effectively, and to ensure sustainable development.

The Dynamic Model of Allocation Control in Venture Capital

The allocation of control and stock in venture capital is the key point of the venture capital project.This paper develops a dynamic model of control and stock and profoundly analyses how to allocate the control between the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist.The model reveals the relationship of control and stock's structure,the time and the degree of imparting the control to the entrepreneur or the venture capitalist,the condition of retracting the control and compensation accordingly.

Capital and Labor Allocation Structure and China's Economic Growth

Using sector-specific growth accounting method, this paper investigates the growth effect of inter-industry allocation of capital and labor in China. This paper has found that existing investment data are classified according to investment entities rather than user entities and directly using such data for the measurement of capital inventory of various sectors will seriously overestimate the capital inventory of tertiary industry and lead to distorted conclusions of "structural burden" of capital allocation and its serious violation of the principle of efficiency. By excluding real estate sector, this paper has found that after the 1990 s, inter-industry capital allocation had been generally consistent with the principle of efficiency and the effect of capital allocation structure is not significant. Our estimates also found that the growth effect arising from the inter-industry allocation of labor since reform and opening up averages 0.63 percentage points, which is significantly positively correlated with residual economic growth rate and residual TFP and demonstrates a decade-long "reform cycle." According to the comparative study on the effect of labor allocation structure of 37 other countries and regions, by 2017, the effect of China's labor allocation structure will continue to remain in a relatively high stage; between 2017 and 2023, structural effect will significantly diminish and deceleration pressure will rise swiftly; after 2030, the effect of labor allocation structure will linger in a low level stage, when economy is likely to enter into a stage of low growth rate. These findings will help us better assess future economic growth tendencies.

A Literature Review of the Influence of Commercial Credit on the Efficiency of Enterprise Capital Allocation

The real economy is the main body of high-quality development,and the efficiency of capital allocation is an important manifestation of the development of the real economy.Therefore,it is very important to study the efficiency of capital allocation.As a representative of horizontal finance,commercial credit has a significant impact on the improvement of capital allocation efficiency.In view of this,this article combs the literature on commercial credit and capital allocation efficiency from the following aspects:firstly,by studying the literature,combing the literature on the macro-level,micro-level and economic effects of commercial credit;secondly,the measurement method of capital allocation efficiency And the influencing factors are systematically sorted out,and finally sorted out and evaluated the existing literature on the influence of commercial credit on the efficiency of capital allocation.

The Return on Capital in China and Its Determinants~

This paper first estimates the overall return on capital in China between 1978 and 2013. It then identifies the determinants of return on capital by analyzing provincial panel data and breaks down the causes of swerves in capital return after the eruption of the global financial crisis in 2008. It finds that： （1） there is significant inertia in the return on capital,＂ （2） government intervention has significantly negative impact on capital return; （3） a significantly negative correlation is observed between investment rate and return on capital,＂ and （4） the increases in the shares of secondary and tertiary industries in the economy have significantly positive impact on return on capital. This paper concludes that the growth in investment rate and the expansion of government size are both important contributors to the recent decline in China＇s return on capital since the financial crisis.

Research on Labor Reallocation Efficiency of State-owned Industries

This article,which is based on panel data of Chinese state-owned industrial enterprises over the period 2006-2011,analyzes Labor reallocation Efficiency of State-Owned Enterprises with Syrquin＇s analysis of the total Reallocation effect of Resources. The results show that：①Labor allocation efficiency keeps a high level all the time;②The contribution that labor Reallocation efficiency makes to the growth of labor productivity has been at a low rate. Therefore, our government had better deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and the evolvement of marketization

Capital allocation for cash-subadditive risk measures:From BSDEs toBSVIEs

In the context of risk measures,the capital allocation problem is widely studied in the literature where different approaches have been developed,also in connection with cooperative game theory and systemic risk.Although static capital allocation rules have been extensively studied in the recent years,only few works deal with dynamic capital allocations and its relation with BSDEs.Moreover,all those works only examine the case of an underneath risk measure satisfying cash-additivity and,moreover,a large part of them focuses on the specific case of the gradient allocation where Gateaux differentiability is assumed.The main goal of this paper is,instead,to study general dynamic capital allocations associated to cash-subadditive risk measures,generalizing the approaches already existing in the literature and motivated by the presence of(ambiguity on)interest rates.Starting from an axiomatic approach,we then focus on the case where the underlying risk measures are induced by BSDEs whose drivers depend also on the yvariable.In this setting,we surprisingly find that the corresponding capital allocation rules solve special kinds of Backward Stochastic Volterra Integral Equations(BSVIEs).

Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Efficiency of Capital Allocation in China

We study the roles of local financial development and foreign direct investment, and more importantly, their interaction with one another, in local capital allocation, based on Chinese industrial and regional data. Our main finding is that, although local financial development and FDI each individually tended to improve the efficiency of local capital allocation during the sample period, they tended to compete and crowd out each other＇s effect, so that one impaired the individual function of the other. In particular, there exists a threshold value for local financial development, above which an increase in FDI reduces the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than improve it. On the other hand, there exists a threshold value for FDI, above which further development in the local financial system lowers the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than increase it. Our estimations suggest that the levels of FDI and local financial development in some relatively more developed Chinese regions have already surpassed such threshold values. We provide some interpretations of our findings and we discuss potential policy implications.

Economic Development and the QPMSLP of the Industrial Allocation of Foreign Capital

In literatrue , the standard linear programming model of the industrial allocation of foreign capital is given. On the basis of this, each technical parameter of the model will be randomized, so that the restricted conditions in period t+1 are destroyed, the compensation problem in period t+2 is further studied. Then the more practical Quadratic Programming Model in Stochastic Linear Programming (QPMSLP) is set up. Finally, the concluding remarks of the model are given.

Economic Development and the Industrial Allocation of Foreign Capital

Firstly, It isprovided in this dissertation that the input-output relationships of the host country is relatively stable in “t” period in its economic development,the standard linear programming model on the industrial structure of foreign capital in “t+1” period is given ; Secondly, we present two explanations on the model.

Multiperiod Optimal Allocation of Emergency Resources in Support of Cross-Regional Disaster Sustainable Rescue

Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources.It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief.Existing research,however,generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or regions.This article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional selfrescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue efforts.The model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity goal.An objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model.A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed model.The results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal,multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation principles.Cross-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable,minimizes dissatisfaction,and prevents losses.Different decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed,which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.

Legal-Ease:Total Investment Capital & Registered Capital Allocations in China

With the Chinese Government, on a regional basis, specifying “minimum amounts” for registered capital contributions in order to establish foreign-invested enterprises in China, and with a similar occurrence concerning total invested capital requirements,

数字化转型能提升国有企业资本配置效率吗?

进入数字经济时代,数字化转型已成为国有企业高质量发展的必经之路。在此背景下,探究数字化转型与资本配置效率之间的内在逻辑关系,对增强国有企业活力和提升国有企业资本效率具有重要理论和实践意义。以2009-2021年沪深A股上市的非金融国有企业为样本,从外部成本以及内部治理两个层面实证检验数字化转型对国有企业资本配置效率的影响效果及作用机制。结论说明:1)数字化转型能够显著改善国有企业资本要素错配,提升国企资本配置效率。2)机制分析表明,数字化转型能通过缓解信息不对称、降低代理成本以及改善融资约束,优化国有企业资本要素配置。3)从市场、政府以及国有企业自身层面来看,首先数字化转型在一定程度上能替代外部不完备的资本市场。在资本市场发育程度较低环境中,数字化转型更能改善国有企业资本要素错配。其次较高的财政补贴隐含过多的政策性负担,弱化数字化转型对国有企业资本效率提升效果。最后在较高水平内部控制环境中,数字化赋能显著提升国企资本配置效率。研究有助于深化数字化转型赋能国有企业资本配置效率的效果和机制,为探究我国国有企业高质量发展提供学理依据及决策参考。

数字金融发展与“两业”融合——经济高质量发展背景下的机制识别与效应检验

先进制造业和现代服务业融合是高质量发展实体经济的内在要求。数字金融作为传统金融业和数字信息技术融合的重要创新产品,对制造业与服务业融合有着重要影响。研究利用286个地级及以上城市2011—2019年的面板数据,并通过面板门槛模型等回归方式,考察了数字金融发展对“两业”深度融合的影响和传导机理。研究发现:(1)数字金融发展对提升“两业”融合水平具有显著影响,技术创新和资本配置效率是数字金融影响“两业”融合的主要机制;(2)数字金融对“两业”融合的影响具有明显的非线性特征,在数字金融发展的不同阶段具有不同的作用效果;(3)异质性检验发现数字金融发展对“两业”融合的促进作用在经济发展水平较高、工业化程度适中和国家政策试点的城市更为显著;(4)数字金融提升“两业”融合水平会巩固产业基础,提高产业核心竞争力,最终促进经济高质量发展。

增值税减税能否提高制造业企业全要素生产率?--基于增值税税率下调事件的经验研究

深化税制改革是激发市场主体活力、加快制造业转型、实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。基于2016—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,研究了2018年和2019年增值税税率下调对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,增值税减税提高了制造业企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析结果显示,对于市场竞争地位高、国有产权、处于成熟期以及高市场化地区的企业而言,增值税减税对全要素生产率的提升效应显著。渠道分析表明,研发投入、人力资本投入以及资本配置效率是增值税减税影响企业全要素生产率的主要渠道。因此,政府部门应继续深化增值税改革,缩小制造业与其他行业的税率差异,切实减轻制造业企业税收负担,同时应加大对民营、初创等弱势企业的财政扶持力度,全面提高各类企业的全要素生产率。

减税激励、企业投资与资本配置效率——来自小微企业的证据

小微企业是我国社会主义市场经济的重要参与主体,在促进经济发展、改善民生、增加就业等方面具有不可替代的作用。本文基于2010—2018年全国税收调查数据,采用双重差分方法,检验了企业所得税减半征收政策对小微企业投资行为的影响。研究表明,所得税减半征收通过增强小微企业的“投资动机”和“投资能力”促进企业固定资产投资的增加,并且所得税减半征收政策对非制造业、未享受政府补助企业和融资约束较强的小微企业投资的促进作用更为明显。进一步分析表明,所得税减半征收政策提升了小微企业的资本配置效率,增强了小微企业吸纳就业的能力,但并未增强小微企业的研发创新能力。总体而言,本文肯定了所得税减半征收政策对小微企业的积极影响,为完善小微企业税收优惠政策、推动经济社会高质量发展提供了有益参考。

人力资本异质性与农民工风险性金融资产配置

教育和健康作为人力资本的重要组成部分,对农民工的风险性金融资产配置发挥着重要作用。基于中国家庭金融调查数据,通过Probit和Tobit模型来考察教育人力资本和健康人力资本对农民工风险性金融资产配置行为的影响,并对其内在传导机制进行中介效应分析。研究发现:教育人力资本和健康人力资本的提升会促进农民工参与风险性金融市场,并增加对风险性金融资产的投资。异质性分析表明,教育人力资本和健康人力资本的提升效应存在区域差异性,经济条件较差、教育水平较低地区的农民工参与风险性金融市场的潜力较大;就性别而言,教育人力资本在男性农民工的风险性金融资产配置中影响更大,而健康人力资本对女性农民工风险性金融资产配置的影响更为明显。机制检验表明,教育人力资本通过提高农民工的风险偏好和金融素养的方式增加其对风险性资产的配置比例;健康人力资本越高,农民工的风险偏好越强,越倾向于投资风险性金融资产,其财产性收入也因此提高。据此,应加速提升农村地区教育和健康人力资本水平,并优化金融环境,针对农民工的实际需求提供金融服务;农民工自身也要主动学习金融知识,提高金融素养水平,拓展了解金融信息的渠道,提升抗风险能力,不断优化风险性金融资产配置。

劳动力流动赋能城乡融合:理论机制与实证检验——基于安徽省6县1002个农户的问卷调查

城乡融合在构建新型城乡关系中发挥着基础性作用,劳动力流动则为城乡融合目标的实现提供了新的可能。安徽省作为传统的农业大省及全国农村劳动力转移大省,城乡融合问题是制约其经济发展的重要因素。因此,基于微观调研数据,探究安徽省劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的影响,并通过机制分析检验资源配置和人力资本在劳动力流动赋能城乡融合过程中的间接作用。研究发现:劳动力流动显著促进了城乡融合发展,这一结论在经过一系列严谨检验后依然成立;劳动力流动可以通过优化资源配置、聚集人力资本等路径有效推动城乡融合;劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的促进效应存在明显的区域异质性,尤其在对政策相对不完善地区的城乡融合促进上,其效应更为显著。基于此,为进一步全面深化改革、促进城乡融合发展、推进中国式现代化建设,提出应统筹资源配置、促进城乡产业融合,激发人才活力、增强城乡一体意识,完善市场规则、健全按要素分配制度,深化土地改革、推进新型城镇化建设,增强政策导向、规范劳动力有序流动等建议。

多主体外部监管合力可以助力企业提升全要素生产率吗?——基于多源监管大数据的视角

基于沪深A股上市公司2017—2022年数据,借助深度学习和大数据分析技术综合描述多主体外部监管大数据,验证外部监管合力对企业全要素生产率的驱动作用及具体驱动路径。研究发现,外部监管合力具有“信息效应”和“治理效应”,通过提高会计信息披露质量、降低双重代理成本、提升技术创新水平、优化资本配置效率,进而提升全要素生产率,助力企业打造新质生产力。进一步研究发现,由于企业成长性和外部制度环境不同,外部监管合力的监管驱动效应存在差异。研究丰富了多主体外部监管合力共促企业高质量发展的理论分析,为进一步推进企业加快形成新质生产力提供了政策参考依据。

数据要素参与对企业资本配置效率的影响研究

数据要素在产业间的深度融合将深刻改变要素市场的运行机制与逻辑。文章实证考察数据要素参与对企业资本配置效率的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:数据要素参与对制造企业资本配置效率呈现出显著的“U”型非线性影响,即当数据要素参与上升到适度阶段,其对企业资本配置效率的影响才转变为促进效应。进一步,仅从生产要素属性看,无论是国内数据要素参与还是国外数据要素参与,两者对企业资本配置效率的影响并无二致。机制检验表明,信息效应和资源效应是导致数据要素参与对企业资本配置效率产生“U”型影响的机制。其中,信息效应会同时影响“U”型关系的顶点和曲率,随着信息不对称程度增加,“U”型关系变强,并且顶点右移;而资源效应则影响“U”型关系的曲率,当企业融资约束程度较强时,“U”型关系变强。异质性分析发现,随着企业所有制类型、企业生命周期、行业要素密集度和地区市场化程度的不同,数据要素参与对资本配置效率“U”型关系拐点呈现出显著差异,民营企业、初创期企业、技术密集型行业、高市场化程度区域企业进入数据要素参与“适度区间”的阈值相对更低。