Crosslinked hyaluronic acid with liposomes and crocin for management symptoms of dry eye disease caused by moderate meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM:To study the effect of uncrosslinked and crosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with other artificial tear components in patients with dry eye caused by moderate meibomian gland dysfunction.METHODS:Prospective,single-blind,contralateral eye study.Fifty eyes(25 patients)were analyzed.Eye selection for each tear type was random,and the eye drop formulations,0.4%uncrosslinked hyaluronic acid and 0.2%galactoxyloglucan(tear A)and 0.15%crosslinked hyaluronic acid,crocin,and liposomes(tear B)were used.The determined dosing schedule was three times a day for six weeks,and the study participants underwent a clinical examination before and 45 d after lubricant treatment.The Schirmer test,tear breakup time(TBUT)test,and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire were applied before and after instillation period with both types of artificial tears.RESULTS:On the Schirmer test,a significant improvement was obtained with both tear A(P<0.01)and tear B(P<0.01).On the TBUT test,a significant improvement was obtained with tear A(P<0.01)and tear B(P<0.01).The OSDI score significantly decreased after instillation period with both artificial tear types(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Uncrosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with other components,such as tamarind seed polysaccharide,and crosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with liposomes and crocin are effective for management symptoms of dry eye disease.

A Guide to Cheek Augmentation: Single-Point Deep Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Filler at Midface in Close Proximity to Medial Suborbicularis Oculi Fat (SOOF) Area

Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and midface, fat atrophy occurs mostly in the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) area. The authors proposed that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to support the SOOF area could counteract the aging sign due to fat atrophy, restore volume loss and achieve a more youthful appearance. The authors described the treatment of 10 female patients who received CHAP®-particle hyaluronic acid (CHAP®-HA) injections for cheek augmentation, using single-point deep injection technique at midface in close proximity to SOOF area. Such approach provides satisfactory cheek augmentation results without significant complications. The authors discussed a rationale for their choice of dermal filler and provided an injection technique for restoring volume in the midface region with CHAP®-HA. Such technique is relatively quick to perform, have little down time, and result in a high rate of patient satisfaction.

Preparation and properties of a double quaternary ammonium copolymer used in acid fracturing

Triethylamine(TEA),1,4-dibromobutane(C4H8Br2)and N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide(DMAPAA)were selected to synthesize a double quaternary ammonium cationic monomer(TDD).TDD,acrylamide(AM),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS)and acrylic acid(AA)were used to create a quadripolymer(PAAT)that was characterized by FT-IR and ^(1)H NMR.Following that,the basic performance of thickened acid was assessed.The results revealed that PAAT outperformed PAA(copolymerized by AM,AMPS and AA)in terms of acid solubility,thickening performance,temperature resistance and shear resistance.Furthermore,this crosslinked acid containing PAAT was subjected to a series of performance evaluations.The viscosity of the crosslinked acid could be kept at 67 mPa$s at 160C after 90 min and the weight loss rate of crosslinked acid in acid-rock reaction at 60 min was 23%,indicating the temperature resistance and retarder performance of the crosslinked acid solution was significantly better than that of the thickening acid and the blank acid.A scanning electron microscopy experiment revealed that crosslinked acid has good corrosion ability and low damage to the reservoir.The above experimental results indicated that the thickener PAAT has a promising future application in acid fracturing of high-temperature and high-mineralization carbonate reservoirs.