Novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis mediates the Warburg effect and proliferation of colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1(hnRNPA1)has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer(CC)cell proliferation,but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway.METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b.The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated.Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot.Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assays,and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays.The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay.The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays.RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC,including stage I,II-III,and IV.Furthermore,the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification.HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway,thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells.However,the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b,effectively blocking the Warburg effect.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.

A complete small-signal HBT model including AC current crowding effect

An improved small-signal equivalent circuit of HBT concerning the AC current crowding effect is proposed in this paper. AC current crowding effect is modeled as a parallel RC circuit composed of Cbi and Rbi, with distributed base-collector junction capacitance also taken into account. The intrinsic portion is taken as a whole and extracted directly from the measured Sparameters in the whole frequency range of operation without any special test structures. An HBT device with a 2 × 20 μm^(2) emitter-area under three different biases were used to demonstrate the extraction and verify the accuracy of the equivalent circuit.

PERSISTENCE AND THE GLOBAL DYNAMICS OF THE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR A RATIODEPENDENT PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM WITH A CROWDING TERM IN THE PREY EQUATION

This paper deals with the global dynamical behaviors of the positive solutions for a parabolic type ratio-dependent predator-prey system with a crowding term in the prey equation, where it is assumed that the coefficient of the functional response is less than the coefficient of the intrinsic growth rates of the prey species. We demonstrated some special dynamical behaviors of the positive solutions of this system which the persistence of the coexistence of two species can be obtained when the crowding region in the prey equation only is designed suitably. Furthermore, we can obtain that under some conditions, the unique positive steady state solution of the system is globally asymptotically stable.

Anomalous spin Josephson effect in spin superconductors

The spin superconductor state is the spin-polarized triplet exciton condensate,which can be viewed as a counterpart of the charge superconductor state.As an analogy of the charge Josephson effect,the spin Josephson effect can be generated in the spin superconductor/normal metal/spin superconductor junctions.Here we study the spin supercurrent in the Josephson junctions consisting of two spin superconductors with noncollinear spin polarizations.For the Josephson junctions with out-of-plane spin polarizations,the possibleπ-state spin supercurrent appears due to the Fermi momentum-splitting Andreev-like reflections at the normal metal/spin superconductor interfaces.For the Josephson junctions with in-plane spin polarizations,the anomalous spin supercurrent appears and is driven by the misorientation angle of the in-plane polarizations.The symmetry analysis shows that the appearance of the anomalous spin Josephson current is possible when the combined symmetry of the spin rotation and the time reversal is broken.

信息流广告投放空间的拥挤程度如何匹配信息框架--基于调节定向理论的研究

移动互联时代广告场景的动态化使得消费者所处的空间特征会影响移动媒体上信息流广告的传播效果。本研究以“社会拥挤”这一中国消费者普遍经历的空间特征为对象,基于调节定向理论,通过仿真实验探究社会拥挤与广告信息框架的匹配效应。研究发现,在社会拥挤环境下采用损失信息框架的广告能够获得更高的点击率与更好的广告记忆效果;而在非拥挤环境下,采用收益信息框架的广告能够获得更高的点击率与更好的广告记忆效果;同时,社会拥挤与广告信息框架对广告记忆效果的匹配效应由信息加工流畅性所中介。本文丰富了信息流广告和社会拥挤的理论,相关结论对改善移动互联背景下的信息流广告效果具有指导意义。

Flow behavior in microchannel made of different materials with wall slip velocity and electro-viscous effects

In a microfluidic system, flow slip velocity on a solid wall can be the same order of magnitude as the average velocity in a microchannel. The flow-electricity interaction in a complex microfluidic system subjected to joint action of wall slip and electro-viscous effect is an important topic. This paper presents an analytic solution of pressuredriven liquid flow velocity and flow-induced electric field in a two-dimensional microchannel made of different materials with wall slip and electro-viscous effects. The Poisson- Boltzmann equation and the Navier-Stokes equation are solved for the analytic solutions. The analytic solutions agree well with the numerical solutions. It was found that the wall slip amplifies the fow-induced electric field and enhances the electro-viscous effect on flow. Thus the electro-viscous effect can be significant in a relatively wide microchannel with relatively large kh, the ratio of channel width to thickness of electric double layer, in comparison with the channel without wall slip.

Potential Toxicological and Cardiopulmonary Effects of PM2,5 Exposure and Related Mortality:Findings of Recent Studies Published during 2003-2013

Air pollution has environmental issue owing become a serious to its diverse harmful effects on the physical and biological environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） and the World Health Organization （WHO）, air pollution affects millions of people worldwide. Hundreds of thousands of deaths each year and a range of diseases, particularly among vulnerable groups （i.e., children, the elderly, and people with special medical conditions）, are attributed to air pollution. These effects are not always caused by single pollutant in the air; rather, they are considered consequences of the multi-pollutants to which people are simultaneously exposed.

同胞数量与个体教育获得--基于公共教育投入的调节作用

中国生育政策的变化将影响家庭子女数量,进而影响个体教育获得。系统研究同胞数量与个体教育获得的关系可以为优化公共教育投入结构、全面促进教育公平提供参考。文章基于居民收入调查(CHIP)和综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,运用有序Probit、工具变量回归和倾向得分匹配等模型验证了同胞数量会对个体教育获得产生挤占效应,且当个体为女、具有农业户口、父母受教育程度较低、来自中西部地区时,受到的挤占效应更强。进一步分析发现,个体教育层次越高受到的挤占效应越明显,且会影响教育质量和未来工作收入。地区经济发展水平和公共教育投入水平的提高有助于缓解挤占效应,且高等教育投入的调节作用最为明显。

Effects of natural-cerebrolysin-containing serum on neurotoxicity and synaptogenesis in amyloid-beta 1-40-induced Alzheimer's disease in vitro models

BACKGROUND： Neuronal loss, synapse mutilation, and increasing malnourished axons are pathologically related to Alzheimer＇s disease. Microtubule-associated protein 2 （MAP2） is of importance for neuronal, axonal, and dendritic generation, extension, and stabilization, as well as for the regulation of synaptic plasticity. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the antagonistic effects of natural-cerebrolysin-containing serum on beta amyloid protein 1-40 （Aβ1-40）-induced neurotoxicity from the standpoints of cell proliferation, synaptogenesis, and cytoskeleton formation （MAP2 expression）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A paralleled, controlled, neural cell, and molecular biology experiment was performed at the Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University between February 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： PC12 cells, derived from the rat central nervous system, were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. A β1-40 was provided by Sigma, USA. Natural-cerebrolysin was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China. The natural-cerebrolysin was predominantly composed of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yixingye （Ginkgo Leaf） in a proportion of 1：2：2. Following conventional water extraction technology, an extract （1：20） was prepared. Each gram of extract equaled 20 grams of crude drug. In a total of 12 adult male New Zealand rabbits, six underwent intragastric administration of natural-cerebrolysin extract for 1 month to prepare natural-cerebrolysin-containing serum, and the remaining six rabbits received intragastric administration of physiological saline to prepare normal blank serum. METHODS： An AIzheimer＇s disease in vitro model was induced in PC12 cells using Aβ1-40. The cells were incubated with varying doses of natural-cerebrolysin-containing serum （2.5%, 5%, and 10%）. Normal blank serum-treated PC12 cells served as a blank control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Through the use of inverted phase contrast microscope, cell morphology and neurite growth were observed, neurite length was measured, and the percentage of neurite-positive cells was calculated. Cell proliferation rate was determined by MTT assay, and MAP 2 expression was detected by fluorescent immunocytochemistry. RESULTS： Following Aβ1-40 treatments, some PC12 cells were apoptotic/dying, and only a few short neurites were observed. Following interventions with natural-cerebrolysin-containing serum, the PC12 cells proliferated, there was an increased number of neurites, and neurite length was enhanced. After middle- and high-dose natural-cerebrolysin treatments, the percentage of neurite-positive cells, as well as the average length of neurites, was significantly greater than the normal blank serum-treated PC12 cells （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. Compared with the blank control group, MAP2 expression in the Aβ1-40-treated PC12 cells was significantly inhibited, and the cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01）. Following incubations with natural-cerebrolysin-containing serum, MAP2 expression and cell proliferation rate in the PC12 cells were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, compared with treatments with blank control serum （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Natural-cerebrolysin exhibited antagonistic effects on neurotoxicity in Aβ1-40 induced Alzheimer＇s disease in vitro models. These effects were likely related to cell proliferation and the upregulation of intracellular MAP2 expression.

Effects of natural cerebrolysin on protective proteins and pro-apoptotic molecules in mesenchymal stem cells following beta-amyloid peptide1-40-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that β-amyloid peptide （Aβ）, a characteristic pathological product of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, results in neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. However, the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine against ERS in AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To measure expression levels of protective proteins （GRP78 and GRP94） of ER molecular partners and pro-apoptotic Caspase-12 ER membrane expression following application of traditional Chinese medicine natural cerebrolysin （NC） to treat Aβ1-40-induced ERS. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel-controlled study was performed at the Institute of Integrated Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University between September 2006 and November 2008. MATERIALS： Sprague Dawley male rats, 6-8 weeks old, were used to harvest tibial and femoral bone marrow. Isolation and purification of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） were established from the whole bone marrow by removing non-adherent cells in primary and passage cultures. Aβ1-40 was provided by Sigma, USA. NC was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China. NC was predominantly composed of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yinxingye （Ginkgo Leaf） in a proportion of 1 ： 2： 2. Following conventional water extraction technology, an extract （1 ： 20） was prepared. Six adult, male, New Zealand rabbits underwent intragastric administration of NC extract （0.976 g/kg per day） for 1 month to prepare NC-positive serum, and the remaining 6 rabbits received intragastric administration of physiological saline to prepare normal blank serum. METHODS： A total of 500 nmol/L Aβ1-40 was used to establish ERS models of primary cultured MSCs. AD cell models were incubated with different doses of NC-positive serum （2.5%, 5%, and 10%）. MSCs treated with normal blank serum served as normal blank controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent immunocytochemistry were respectively used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, and Caspase-12 in MSCs. RESULTS： Following Aβ1-40 exposure, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94, as well as Caspase-12, significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）, suggesting successful establishment of ERS models. Following NC-positive serum application, mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94 in MSCs significantly increased （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. However, mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-12 significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05, or P 〈 0.01） compared with the ERS model group. These effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION： NC downregulated Caspase-12 expression and upregulated GRP78 and GRP94 expression in MSCs in a dose-dependent manner under the state of Aβ1-40-induced ERS.

Synergistic Effect in Mixed Capillary Gas Chromatographic Stationap Phases Containing Heptakis(2,3,6-tri-o-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin and Dibenzo-18-crown-6

used－silical capillary columns containing heptakis（2、3、6－tri－o－pentyl）-β-cyclodextrinand dibenzo-18-crown-6 were prepared．By studying the selectivity of mixed stationary phases forsome solute pairs.as well as comparing with the heptakis（2．3、6-tri-O-pentyl）-β-cyclodextrin and thedibenzo-18-crown-6 used as individual stationary phase、the synergistic effects were observed.These effects were affected by the column temperature．mixed ratio and linear velocity of carrier gas．

婚姻转移支付是礼物还是负担?--基于子女婚姻对父母消费及满意度的分析

现有研究更多关注婚姻转移支付对父母消费的挤出作用,对父母生活满意度影响的讨论还不够深入。本研究利用44579份婚约财产纠纷判决书整理的婚姻支付数据和中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,运用中介效应模型、有序Logit模型、反事实估计等方法,描述婚姻转移支付的基本事实,分析其影响父母生活满意度的礼物效应和挤出效应。主要结论有:(1)婚姻转移支付是大额代际财富转移。(2)婚姻支付的收支结构分析表明,婚嫁双方父母都是净支出方,婚姻转移支付是父母赠与新婚子女的礼物。(3)中介效应检验结果支持礼物效应。婚姻转移支付通过改善父子关系满意度从而提高父母生活满意度。婚姻转移支付是父母最大化满意度的行为选择,礼物效应有助于解释为何父母对新婚子女转移了大额财富。(4)没有发现婚姻转移支付挤出父母消费从而降低其满意度的因果证据。

Natural convection flow of a couple stress fluid between two vertical parallel plates with Hall and ion-slip effects

The Hall and ion-slip effects on fully developed electrically conducting couple stress fluid flow between vertical parallel plates in the presence of a temperature dependent heat source are investigated. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting equations are then solved using the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. The effects of the magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, ion-slip parameter and couple stress fluid parameter on velocity and temperature are discussed and shown graphically

Glycosylation-independent binding to extracellular domains 11-13 of mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor mediates the effects of soluble CREG on the phenotypic proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells

Background The present study aimed to investigate the detailed mode and specific sites for their binding as well as the functional relevance of this binding in the phenotypic proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(SMCs). Methods CREG knocked-down SMCs were employed to evaluate the biological activity of wtCREG and mCREG.Expressions of SMC differentiation markers SM myosin heavy chain(SM-MHC),SM-actin,heavy caldesmon and myocardin were determined by Western blotting using specific antibodies. Cellular growth of SMCs was assessed by bromide dewuridine (BrdU) incorporation and cell cycle analysis on fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS).A solid-phase binding assay was used to study the binding of CREG to extracellular domains of M6P/IGF2R.The cellular co-localization of the two recombinant CREGs with M6P/IGF2R was detected on SMC surface by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis.Results The molecular weight of wtCREG was around 30 kD while that of the mCREG was～25 kD.Treatment of wtCREG with PNGase F reduced its molecular weight from～30 kD to～25 kD,whereas PNGase F treatment had no effect on the molecular weight of mCREG.Both wtCREG and mCREG proteins enhanced SMC differentiation,inhibited BrdU incorporation,and arrested cell cycle progression when added to the culture medium.In CREG knocked-down SMCs,the amount of CREG detected by immunoblotting in M6P/IGF2R immunoprecipitates was significantly reduced when compared to normal cells.Both recombinant CREGs co-immunoprecipitated with M6P/IGF2R, although slightly reduced amount of the mutant CREG was detected in M6P/IGF2R immunoprecipitates.Immunostaining revealed that His-tagged CREGs co-localized with IGF2R on the cell surface in a glycosylation-independent manner.In vitro binding assay showed that CREGs bound to M6P/ IGF2R extracellular domains 7-10 and 11-13 in a glycosylation -dependent and -independent manner,respectively.Further blocking experiments using soluble M6P/IGF2R fragments and M6P/IGF2R neutralizing antibody indicated that the biological activities of recombinant CREGs in SMC growth and the up-regulation of SMC differentiation markers were all abolished by treatment with the M6P/IGF2R neutralizing antibody. However,although the growth inhibitory effect of wtCREG was nearly abolished by D7-10 or D11-13,the effect of mCREG was only reversed by Dll-13,indicating that the binding to domains 11-13 is required for CREG to modulate the proliferation of SMCs.Conclusions These data suggest that solubleCREG proteins can exert their biological function via binding to the extracellular domains 7-10 and 11-13 of cell surface M6P/IGF2R in both a glycosylation-dependent and -independent manner.

Influence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling on Josephson effect in triplet superconductor/two-dimensional semiconductor/triplet superconductor junctions

We study theoretically Josephson effect in a planar ballistic junction between two triplet superconductors with pwave orbital symmetries and separated by a two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor channel with strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling.In triplet superconductors,three types of orbital symmetries are considered.We use Bogoliubov–de Gennes formalism to describe quasiparticle propagations through the junction and the supercurrents are calculated in terms of Andreev reflection coefficients.The features of the variation of the supercurrents with the change of the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling are investigated in some detail.It is found that for the three types of orbital symmetries considered,both the magnitudes of supercurrent and the current-phase relations can be manipulated effectively by tuning the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling.The interplay of Rashba spin–orbit coupling and Zeeman magnetic field on supercurrent is also investigated in some detail.

Effect of photodynamic therapy with(17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

AIM To investigate the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of(17 R,18 R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt(YLG-1)-induced photodynamic therapy(PDT) on pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo.METHODS YLG-1 is a novel photosensitizer extracted from spirulina. Its phototoxicity, cellular uptake and localization, as well as its effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were detected in vitro. An in vivo imaging system(IVIS), the Lumina K imaging system, and mouse models of subcutaneous Panc-1-bearing tumors were exploited to evaluate the drug delivery pathway and pancreatic cancer growth in vivo.RESULTS YLG-1 was localized to the mitochondria, and the appropriate incubation time was 6 h. Under 650 nm light irradiation, YLG-1-PDT exerted a potent cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, which could be abolished by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC). The death mode caused by YLG-1-PDT was apoptosis, accompanied by upregulated Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. The results from the IVIS images suggested that the optimal administration route was intratumoral(IT) injection and that the best time to conduct YLG-1-PDT was 2 h post-IT injection. Consistent with the results in vitro, YLG-1-PDT showed great growth inhibition effects on pancreatic cancer cells in a mouse model.CONCLUSION YLG-1 is a potential photosensitizer for pancreatic cancer PDT via IT injection, the mechanisms of which are associated with inducing ROS and promoting apoptosis.

Gap junctions enhance the antiproliferative effect of microrna-124-3p in glioblastoma cells

OBJECTIVE MicroR NA(miR NA)holds promise as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer treatment.However,the transfection efficiency of current delivery systems represents a bottleneck for clinical applications.Here,we demonstrate that gap junctions mediate an augmentative effect on the antiproliferation mediated by mi R-124-3p in U87 and C6 glioblastoma cells.METHODS The functional inhibition of gap junctions using either si RNA or pharmacological inhibition eliminated the mi R-124-3p-mediated antiproliferation,whereas the enhancement of gap junctions with retinoic acid treatment augmented this mi R-124-3p-mediated antiproliferation.A similar effect was observed in glioblastoma xenograft models.RESULTS More importantly,patch clamp and co-culture assays demonstrated the transmission of mi R-124-3p through gap junction channels into adjacent cells.In further exploring the impact of gap junction-mediated transport of mi R-124-3p on mi R-124-3p target pathways,we found that mi R-124-3p inhibited glioblastoma cell growth in part by decreasing the protein expression of cyclindependent kinase 6,leading to cel cycle arrest at the G0/G1phase;moreover,pharmacological regulation of gap junctions affected this cell cycle arrest.CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the″bystander″effects of functional gap junctions composed of connexin 43 enhance the antitumor effect of mi R-124-3p in glioblastoma cells by transferring mi R-124-3p to adjacent cells,thereby enhancing G0/G1cell cycle arrest.These observations provide a new guiding strategy for the clinical application of mi RNA therapy in tumor treatment.

EFFECTS OF A SYNTHETIC POLYPEPTIDE ENCODED BY THE p14-6,A cDNA CLONE WITH ANTIONCOGENE ACTIVITY, ON MALIGNANT TRANSFORMED DT CELLS

A synthetic polypeptide, pt27, which is encoded by a cDNA clone with antloncogene activity, p14-6, is found to be able to reduce remarkably the soft agar colony formation ability of part of DT cells and to raise their resistance to the ouabaln toxtcity. This shows that the pt27 peptide can affect the DT cells In a manner similar to the p14- 6 done and provides evidence that the reverting action of the p14-6 to DT cells may be exerted by the expression of its cDNA.

The Pionic Effect on the Binding Energy of Relativistic Particle-Hole Excitation in Nuclear Matter

The renormalization of pion-exchange nucleon self-energy in nuclear matter is doneby dispersion relation.The exchange and correlation energies(in the ring approximation)ofpion,σ and ω mesons are derived and used to calculate the binding energy of nuctear matter atzero temperature.We find that the pionic contribution to the binding energy fails to lift the highdensity end of the binding energy curve,that is,the binding energy can not saturate without adensity dependent correction to the σNN and ωNN coupling constants.But the binding energycan saturate in the relativistic Hartree approximation plus the exchange and correlation energiesof л meson.

Anti-tumor effects induced by gene vaccines co-expressing truncated human prostate specific membrane antigen gene and mouse 4-1BBL

Objective To investigate the influence of m4-1BBL on anti-tumor effects induced by truncated human prostate specific membrane antigen ( tPSMA ) gene in mice. Methods A eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding tPSMA and m4-1BBL ( pDC316-tPSMA-IRES m4-1BBL) ,pDC316-tPSMA and pDC316 were constructed.