An accurate prediction of crude palm oil (CPO) prices is important especially when investors deal with ever-increasing risks and uncertainties in the future. Therefore, the applicability of the forecasting approaches ...An accurate prediction of crude palm oil (CPO) prices is important especially when investors deal with ever-increasing risks and uncertainties in the future. Therefore, the applicability of the forecasting approaches in predicting the CPO prices is becoming the matter into concerns. In this study, two artificial intelligence approaches, has been used namely artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). We employed in-sample forecasting on daily free-on-board CPO prices in Malaysia and the series data stretching from a period of January first, 2004 to the end of December 2011. The predictability power of the artificial intelligence approaches was also made in regard with the statistical forecasting approach such as the autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model. The general findings demonstrated that the ANN model is superior compared to the ANFIS and ARFIMA models in predicting the CPO prices.展开更多
Mixed crude palm oil （MCPO）, the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil, has become of great interest as a renewable energy source. It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits. In the present work...Mixed crude palm oil （MCPO）, the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil, has become of great interest as a renewable energy source. It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits. In the present work, the degummed, deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage. The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler. The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10, 2.5 and 1μm, while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1 μm. Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accmnulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles （〈 1 μm） showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs （4--6 aromatic rings）, especially pyrene. The mass median diameter, PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content, but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased. In addition, Commercial petroleum diesel （PB0） gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent （BaPeq） for all particle size ranges. As the palm oil was increased, the; BaPeq decreased gradually. Therefore the degununed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute.展开更多
Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluate environmental impact of biodiesel production using catalyst from crude palm o...Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluate environmental impact of biodiesel production using catalyst from crude palm oil in Aceh province. The results of this study show that biodiesel production from oil palm have differend resulted which is depent on various of material inputs. The environmental impact and energy consumption due to pre-harvest activity was higher compared to post harvest activity. The characteristics of Greenhouse Gas （GHG） emission value before stable productivity is 2.30-2.56 kg-CO2 eq./kg-Biodiesel Fuel from Crude Palm Oil （BDF-CPO）. When the productivity has reached stability, the GHG value is 1.66-1.71 kg-CO2 eq./kg-BDF-CPO. The total value of energy consumption before stable production is 46.31-49.83 MJ/kg-BDF-CPO. Utilization of agrochemical in form of fertilizer and plant protection generate significant contribution to environmental impact of biodiesel production from Crude Palm Oil （CPO） is 50.46% for scenario I and 68.14% for scenario 2. The combination reduction of CO2 eq. emission values of before and after stable production for BDF-CPO is 37.83% for scenario 1 and 49.96% for scenario 2.展开更多
Energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a vegetable oil refinery in the Southwest of Nigeria. The plant, powered by two boilers and a 500 kVA generator, refines 100 tonnes of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into edi...Energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a vegetable oil refinery in the Southwest of Nigeria. The plant, powered by two boilers and a 500 kVA generator, refines 100 tonnes of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into edible vegetable oil per day. The production system consists of four main group operations: neutralizer, bleacher, filter, and deodourizer. The performance of the plant was evaluated by considering energy and exergy losses of each unit operation of the production process. The energy intensity for processing 100 tonnes of palm kennel oil into edible oil was estimated as 487.04 MJ/tonne with electrical energy accounting for 4.65%, thermal energy, 95.23% and manual energy, 0.12%. The most energy intensive group operation was the deodourizer accounting for 56.26% of the net energy input. The calculated exergy efficiency of the plant is 38.6% with a total exergy loss of 29919 MJ. Consequently, the exergy analysis revealed that the deodourizer is the most inefficient group operation accounting for 52.41% of the losses in the production processes. Furthermore, a critical look at the different component of the plant revealed that the boilers are the most inefficient units accounting for 69.7% of the overall losses. Other critical points of exergy losses of the plant were also identified. The increase in the total capacity of the plant was suggested in order to reduce the heating load of the boilers. Furthermore, the implementation of appropriate process heat integration can also help to improve the energy efficiency of the system. The suggestion may help the company to reduce its high expenditure on energy and thus improve the profit margin.展开更多
文摘An accurate prediction of crude palm oil (CPO) prices is important especially when investors deal with ever-increasing risks and uncertainties in the future. Therefore, the applicability of the forecasting approaches in predicting the CPO prices is becoming the matter into concerns. In this study, two artificial intelligence approaches, has been used namely artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). We employed in-sample forecasting on daily free-on-board CPO prices in Malaysia and the series data stretching from a period of January first, 2004 to the end of December 2011. The predictability power of the artificial intelligence approaches was also made in regard with the statistical forecasting approach such as the autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model. The general findings demonstrated that the ANN model is superior compared to the ANFIS and ARFIMA models in predicting the CPO prices.
基金supports from Prince of Songkla University(an annual research grant for fiscal years 2008-2010),the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry(PERCH-CIC),Office of the Higher Education Commission,Ministry of Education,Thailandthe Chaipattana Foundation under the support of the King of Thailand
文摘Mixed crude palm oil （MCPO）, the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil, has become of great interest as a renewable energy source. It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits. In the present work, the degummed, deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage. The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler. The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10, 2.5 and 1μm, while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1 μm. Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accmnulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles （〈 1 μm） showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs （4--6 aromatic rings）, especially pyrene. The mass median diameter, PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content, but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased. In addition, Commercial petroleum diesel （PB0） gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent （BaPeq） for all particle size ranges. As the palm oil was increased, the; BaPeq decreased gradually. Therefore the degununed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute.
文摘Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluate environmental impact of biodiesel production using catalyst from crude palm oil in Aceh province. The results of this study show that biodiesel production from oil palm have differend resulted which is depent on various of material inputs. The environmental impact and energy consumption due to pre-harvest activity was higher compared to post harvest activity. The characteristics of Greenhouse Gas （GHG） emission value before stable productivity is 2.30-2.56 kg-CO2 eq./kg-Biodiesel Fuel from Crude Palm Oil （BDF-CPO）. When the productivity has reached stability, the GHG value is 1.66-1.71 kg-CO2 eq./kg-BDF-CPO. The total value of energy consumption before stable production is 46.31-49.83 MJ/kg-BDF-CPO. Utilization of agrochemical in form of fertilizer and plant protection generate significant contribution to environmental impact of biodiesel production from Crude Palm Oil （CPO） is 50.46% for scenario I and 68.14% for scenario 2. The combination reduction of CO2 eq. emission values of before and after stable production for BDF-CPO is 37.83% for scenario 1 and 49.96% for scenario 2.
文摘Energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a vegetable oil refinery in the Southwest of Nigeria. The plant, powered by two boilers and a 500 kVA generator, refines 100 tonnes of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into edible vegetable oil per day. The production system consists of four main group operations: neutralizer, bleacher, filter, and deodourizer. The performance of the plant was evaluated by considering energy and exergy losses of each unit operation of the production process. The energy intensity for processing 100 tonnes of palm kennel oil into edible oil was estimated as 487.04 MJ/tonne with electrical energy accounting for 4.65%, thermal energy, 95.23% and manual energy, 0.12%. The most energy intensive group operation was the deodourizer accounting for 56.26% of the net energy input. The calculated exergy efficiency of the plant is 38.6% with a total exergy loss of 29919 MJ. Consequently, the exergy analysis revealed that the deodourizer is the most inefficient group operation accounting for 52.41% of the losses in the production processes. Furthermore, a critical look at the different component of the plant revealed that the boilers are the most inefficient units accounting for 69.7% of the overall losses. Other critical points of exergy losses of the plant were also identified. The increase in the total capacity of the plant was suggested in order to reduce the heating load of the boilers. Furthermore, the implementation of appropriate process heat integration can also help to improve the energy efficiency of the system. The suggestion may help the company to reduce its high expenditure on energy and thus improve the profit margin.
