Application of Artificial Insemination in Selective Breeding of Native Beef Cattle in Wenzhou

[Objective]The paper was to improve the quality and growth rate of native yellow cattle in Wenzhou.[Method]Three groups of cattle were subjected to artificial insemination using frozen semen from Wagyu bull.The groups consisted of 20 native yellow cattle,20 Angus catle,and 20 Luxi yellow cattle.The heifers were subsequently evaluated for body size and body weight,and underwent treatment with estrus synchronization,artificial insemination,and early pregnancy diagnosis.[Result]The mean body size and body weight of native yellow cattle were found to be significantly lower than those of Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle(P<0.05).The estrus synchronization rate and mating rate of native yellow cattle were both 100%,while the corresponding rates for Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle were 90%and 95%,respectively.The ultrasound examination conducted on the 32m day following the mating revealed a distinct image of gestation sac,which,when considered alongside the findings of the rectal examination,may be indicative of pregnancy.The conception rates were 75%,72%,and 74%for native yllow cattle,Angus cattle,and Luxi yellow cattle,respectively.[Conclusion]The reproductive performance of native beef cattle is relatively superior.

Bacteriospermia among smallholder artificial insemination boars in the Philippines and potential associated factors

Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operators.Methods:Fifteen individual raw semen samples were collected from locally available artificial insemination boars owned by different smallholder boar operators within the 5th district of Leyte,Philippines and were subjected to standard bacteriological culture and identification,including a survey of potentially associated factors.Prevalence and bacterial count were determined accordingly,while boar characteristics and collection practices were clustered following agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique.Results:One hundred percent contamination with a bacterial count of(2.01±0.38)×10^(3) CFU/mL was observed.At least 73.33%of the samples were positive for Bacillus spp.,while other identified isolates included Enterobacter spp.,Staphylococcus spp.,E.coli,Pseudomonas spp.,Citrobacter spp.,and Klebsiella spp.Conclusions:Despite the high prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial count is low.Nevertheless,on-farm practices on boar health and management,semen collection,and sanitation as well as the enhancement of basic protocols to control contamination should be conscientiously considered in smallholder artificial insemination operation.

Study on Key Technique of Artificial Insemination for Silkworm,Bombyx mori

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficient technique of artificial insemination for silkworm. [Method] Sperms were extracted from bursa copulatrix of female moths mated for 30 min through extruding and centrifugal method, and then the semen was injected into other virgin moths with trypsinase. [ Result] A high-effective collection technology of spermatids from silkworm was established successfully, 50 μl semen could be collected by only one person in each hour. The survival rate of spermatids was over 80% in vito after collected from bursa copulatrix, while the obtained semen was quite pure and the average fertilization rate of silkworm was 76,5%. [ Conclusion] The establishment of high-effective semen extraction technique of silkworm provides the technical basis for studies on other related techniques for silkworm sperm.

Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Giant Pandas at the Wolong Breeding Center

The goal of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) breeding program is to develop a self sustaining,genetically diverse population.Due to the common problems about sexual incompatibility and a limited number of captive born males that breed naturally,artificial insemination (AI) has become a critical genetic management tool.It is common practice,however,to combine natural mating and AI using semen from non breeding males.From 1998 to 2000 at the Wolong breeding facility,12 of 18 (66.7%) females produced 20 cubs following combined natural mating and AI.The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of AI without natural breeding.In 1998 and 2000,seven females were anesthetized for transcervical AI on two consecutive days.Ejaculates from six males were collected by electroejaculation,diluted in an egg yolk diluent containing 0% or 4% glycerol and used either fresh or following cold storage at 4℃ (for 24 or 48 h) or cryopreservation using the pellet freezing method.Mean (±SEM) ejaculate traits in six male sperm donors were:ejaculate volume,3.3±0.5 ml;sperm concentration,1,429.8±235.4×10 6/ml;sperm motility,81.7±2.1%;progression (0～5,5=best),3.1±0.1;and normal sperm,79.3±9.2%.For AI (n = 14) in seven females,mean inseminate traits were:spermic volume inseminated,2.4±0.3 ml;sperm motility,73.5±2.9%;progression,2.5±0.1;and total motile sperm inseminated/AI,684.2±118.2×10 6.Four of seven (57.1%) females became pregnant and produced five cubs of which four survived.Mean gestation and litter size was 131.5±9.7 days and 1.3±0.3 cubs/litter,respectively.These results indicate that the efficiency of AI is sufficient for recovering valuable genes from non breeding individuals to enhance genetic diversity in the ex situ population of giant pandas.

Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination with Fresh and Chilled Semen in Assaf Ewes

This paper aims to study the efficiency of two short-term progestagen (FGA vs. MAP) + eCG treatments in estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen in Assaf ewes fertility rate. All ewes received a subcutaneous implant of exogenous melatonin 45 days before been treated with short-term progestagens + eCG. By June 1st, ewes were divided in two groups: half was treated with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg of FGA and the other half with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 60 mg of MAP. Progestagen treatments lasted for 6 days. At sponge withdraw, all ewes were injected with 750 IU of eCG. Ovarian activity was assessed by plasmatic progesterone levels before and after progestagens + eCG treatment. Semen was collected by electro ejaculation and extended with Andromed? or OviXcell?. AI was performed 55 hours after eCG administration with fresh or chilled semen. During AI several factors were assessed: vagina mucosa color and lubrication, external cervical Os type, cervical mucous viscosity, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. Semen was deposited as deep as possible without distress or trauma cervix mucosa. All Assaf ewes presented cyclic activity before progestagen + eCG treatments (2nd fortnight of May). Short-term progestagen + eCG treatments were equally efficient (100.0%). About 76.5% of Assaf ewes were pregnant 41 days after AI. Fertility rate was influenced by external Os type, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. However, this rate was not conditioned by vaginal color or lubrication, cervical mucus viscosity, semen preservation technic and semen extender.

Factors Influencing the Superovulation and Artificial Insemination of Sheep

[Objective] This study aimed to find out a method for low-cost and highly efficient sheep superovulation treatment and artificial insemination. [Method] The factors those probably influencing the results of conventional superovulation and insemination, such as combination of FSH hormone and sponge suppository, estrus interval, number of insemination, and ram individuals were analyzed. [Result] The combination of sponge suppository and FSH produced in Beijing exhibited the poorest effect to superovulation, significantly worse than that of other combinations （P0.01）. The FSH produced in Ningbo, combined with sponge suppository or CIDR produced better effect to superovulation. The superovulation effect was better when the interval from the last FSH injection to estrus was 12 h, significantly better than that when the interval was 36 h （P0.01）; and there was no difference in the superovulation results when the interval was 0, 12 and 24 h. The pregnancy rate of two artificial inseminations was significantly higher than that of only one insemination （P0.01）. Rams themselves had significant influence on fertilization results. [Conclusion] The combination of domestic FSH and domestic sponge suppository cost much less and dose not reduce the superovulation results. Better fertilization result can be obtained if the ewes are inseminated twice with the sperm those gave high pregnancy rate.

Lazzaro Spallanzani: pioneer of artificial insemination, multidisciplinary research, and scientific dissemination

Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific dissemination.Spallanzani consistently contributed to modern reproductive medicine by implementing experimental methods for the first historically successful artificial insemination.Nevertheless,he participated in discoveries pertaining to blood circulation,digestion,and respiration.Widely known in Europe in the eighteenth century,his fame prolonged to the following century,not exclusively through scientific acknowledgments,but even in literature.Nowadays,the figure of Spallanzani experience a kind of neglect and it would appear essential to maintain his work in the light of the history of medicine.

Artificial Insemination of Cherry Valley Ducks with Muscovy Ducks

[Objective] To explore artificial insemination technique for production of mule ducks. [Method] Female Cherry Valley ducks were artificially inseminated with semen collected from male Muscovy ducks by massage method and vagina-insemination method to investigate the effects of insemination dose, insemination interval, insemination time and diluents on fertilization rate. [ Result ] The average fertilization rate was only 39.58%, when the female Cherry Valley ducks naturally mated with the male Muscovy ducks. However, it was increased to 74.79% by artificial insemination. The fertilization rate was 75.24% after semen was diluted by PBS buffer, while it was 75.16% after semen was diluted by Lake＇s buffer; however, there was not significant difference between the fertilization rate of the diluted semen and that of fresh semen （74.10%）. After semen was respectively diluted by PBS buffer and Lake＇s buffer and then stored at 5 ℃ for 24 h, the fertilization rate was low, respectively 23.76% and 34133%. [ Conclusion] Artificial insemination technology can reduce insemination dose and increase fertilization rate in production of mule ducks.

Effect of Uterine Anomalies on Pregnancy Rates and Reproductive Outcomes in Women Undergoing Artificial Insemination by Husband

Objective: Congenital uterine anomalies are common; however, their effects on artificial insemination by husband(AIH) and the period during which AIH is converted to in vitro fertilization(IVF) are unclear. We examined the influence of uterine malformations on reproductive outcomes following AIH and the optimum number of AIH cycles before resorting to IVF-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods: We retrospectively recruited 168 patients with uterine malformations(anomalous group) undergoing AIH between January 2011 and December 2016. Meanwhile, 168 patients with infertility but with normal uteri(normal group) were matched as controls according to age.Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was similar in both groups(12.4% vs. 12.3%, P=0.950); the cancellation(21.6% vs. 4.4%, P< 0.001),early pregnancy loss(35.7% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.032), and preterm birth rates(21.4% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.038) were higher in the anomalous group,resulting in lower term birth(32.1 % vs. 74.3%, P =0.001) and live birth rates(50.0% vs. 77.1 %, P = 0.034). After two AIH cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate was lower(3.6% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.037) among women with uterine anomalies than among those with normal uteri. There was no difference in the pregnancy rates(52.5% vs. 53.7%, P= 0.908) between the two groups of patients with unsuccessful AIH who then underwent IVF-ET.Conclusions: IVF-ET can be performed immediately after two unsuccessful AIH cycles in patients with uterine malformations. In patients undergoing AIH or IVF, uterine malformations increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.

基于子宫内膜结构与子宫螺旋动脉血流参数构建人工授精妊娠预测模型及验证

背景:现子宫内膜结构及子宫螺旋动脉血流参数对夫精宫腔内人工授精(artificial insemination by husband,AIH)妊娠率的影响水平尚不明确,该研究通过校准其他混杂因素后,确定了其独立影响因素,并构建了预测模型,具有较好的临床应用效能。目的:基于子宫内膜结构及子宫螺旋动脉血流参数构建AIH临床妊娠预测模型及验证。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年1月于常州市妇幼保健院接受AIH助孕治疗患者共1299例,将其中1182例未临床妊娠者纳入未妊娠组,117例临床妊娠者纳入妊娠组;通过1∶1倾向评分匹配,妊娠组与未妊娠组各匹配成功93例;采用单、多因素分析筛选子宫内膜结构及子宫螺旋动脉血流参数对AIH结局的影响因素,通过受试者工作曲线确定各独立影响因素的最佳截断值,限制性立方样条法分析各独立影响因素对AIH妊娠影响的风险趋势,临床决策曲线与临床影响曲线对该联合预测模型的临床应用效能进行检验。结果与结论:①倾向评分后妊娠组与未妊娠组各非内膜因素均无显著统计学意义,数据具有较好的均衡性(P>0.05);②单因素分析结果显示,内膜下血管化指数、血流指数、血管化血流指数、子宫动脉阻力指数、子宫动脉搏动指数、收缩期最高血流速度/舒张期末血流速度、基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区、最大交界区厚度为AIH妊娠的影响因素(P<0.05);③多因素Logistic回归结果显示,基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数、血管化血流指数为AIH妊娠的独立影响因素,影响大小依次为血管化血流指数>基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度>子宫动脉搏动指数;④受试者工作曲线显示,血管化血流指数的曲线下面积为0.704(0.629,0.779),最佳截断值为6.26;基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度的曲线下面积为0.660(0.582,0.739),最佳截断值为6.38;子宫动脉搏动指数的曲线下面积为0.642(0.563,0.721),最佳截断值为1.18;⑤限制性立方样条曲线显示,当血管化血流指数>6.24时,其对AIH妊娠具有显著的正影响趋势;基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度≤6.55 mm时,其对AIH妊娠具有显著的正影响趋势;当子宫动脉搏动指数>1.27时,其对AIH妊娠具有负影响风险;⑥临床决策曲线与临床影响曲线显示,该联合预测模型在阈概率值为0.17-0.93时具有临床最大净获益,且在该阈概率范围内损失与获益的比值始终小于1,显示出该联合预测模型具有较好的临床效能;⑦结果表明,通过倾向评分与多因素Logistic回归校正子宫内膜外其他混杂因素后,基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数、血管化血流指数为AIH妊娠的独立影响因素,通过对其最佳截断值的确定与风险趋势性评估,证实该联合预测模型具有较好的预测价值与临床应用效能。

鸡精液甘油简易冷冻保存技术改进与优化效果评价

[目的]改进与优化鸡精液甘油细管简易冷冻保存技术。[方法]采用单因素设计试验,使用6%的冻存(3、6、9个月)与现配甘油保护液制作细管冷冻精液,比较冷冻精液冻后精子活力、活率及畸形率。采用液氮面上熏蒸法优化一步冷冻法冷冻速率,并用优化后一步冷冻法与前期研发的两步冷冻法制作细管冷冻精液,检测两种冷冻方案冻后与离心去甘油后的精子活力、活率、畸形率及种蛋受精率、孵化率。采用一步冷冻法冷冻不同品种公鸡精液,并采用不同输精轮次应用于不同年龄母鸡,通过输精试验评价输精效果。[结果]①添加冻存3、6、9个月的甘油保护液与现配甘油保护液冻后精子活力、活率、畸形率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②经优化和重复率比较后一步冷冻法最佳冷冻速率为细管精液距离液氮面3 cm冷冻3 min,样品精子活力≥60%的重复率为100%,精子活力≥65%的重复率为65%。③一步冷冻法精子活力、精子活率分别为62.84%和76.00%,均极显著高于两步冷冻法(58.17%和68.62%)(P<0.01),两种冷冻方案的精子畸形率无显著差异(P>0.05)。一步法、两步法冷冻精液离心去甘油前、后平均精子活力、种蛋平均受精率和平均孵化率均无显著差异(P>0.05),单日最高受精率分别为68.34%和80.00%。④采用一步冷冻法制备的黑凤鸡与湘东鸡冻精输精后的种蛋受精率和孵化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。给30周龄母鸡输精后种蛋受精率极显著高于68周龄母鸡(P<0.01)。3轮4次输精模式种蛋受精率极显著高于1轮2次输精模式(P<0.01)。[结论]将甘油保护液制备成储备液在―20℃冻存,采用一步冷冻法并预先进行冷冻速率优化,输精时注意精液冷藏时长、母鸡年龄、输精轮次,能得到稳定较好的输精效果。

人工授精女性痛苦表露状况及影响因素分析

目的:了解人工授精女性痛苦表露状况并分析其影响因素。方法:选择2021年4月-2023年4月本院收治的人工授精不孕症女性患者148例,使用一般资料调查问卷、痛苦表露指数量表(DDI)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、Locke-Wallace婚姻调试量表(MAT)进行调查,以Pearson相关系数模型分析PSSS评分、MAT评分与人工授精女性痛苦表露水平的关系,并以元线性回归模型分析人工授精女性痛苦表露影响因素。结果:本次共发放问卷148份,有效回收138份,有效率为93.2%。138例女性DDI评分35.25±5.48分,低水平占比14.5%、中等水平占比73.2%、高水平占比12.3%;PSSS评分53.15±9.67分,MAT评分99.56±12.21分。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、家庭人均月收入、居住地、是否为夫精人工授精、人工授精次数的人工授精女性痛苦表露评分存在差异,Pearson相关分析PSSS、MAT评分与人工授精女性DDI评分呈正相关(均P<0.001);多元线性回归分析,家庭人均月收入、是否为夫精人工授精、PSSS评分、MAT评分对人工授精女性痛苦表露水平有正向影响,人工授精次数对人工授精女性痛苦表露水平有负向影响(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查的人工授精女性痛苦表露处于中等水平,家庭人均月收入、是否为夫精人工授精、人工授精次数、社会支持、婚姻亲密关系等是其重要影响因素,临床应高度重视并给予针对性护理干预,以提升人工授精女性痛苦表露水平,促进身心健康。

B超监测梅花鹿性控精液腹腔镜输精试验

梅花鹿常规冻精与性控冻精解冻后进行品质鉴定,结合B超监测卵泡有选择的对60只同期发情处理的梅花鹿进行腹腔镜精准输精。数据分析显示,同期发情处理后梅花鹿卵巢B超监测结果与腹腔镜输精受胎率存在明显的正相关;X和Y型冻精产仔率为83.33%,而常规冻精产仔率为65.31%,X、Y型冻精与常规冻精组间差异显著(P<0.05);常规冻精组、X冻精组与Y冻精组所产后代性别比(公/母)分别为9:8、0:10和16:1,X、Y型冻精与常规冻精组间差异显著(P<0.05),X、Y型冻精与常规冻精所产后代出生及60 d时的体重差异不显著(P <0.05)。结果表明,结合B超监测有选择的进行梅花鹿性控精液腹腔镜人工输精,可显著提高受胎率,降低成本,技术可行。

影响驴人工授精情期受胎率的因素分析

为了提高母驴情期人工授精受胎率,试验选取新疆喀什地区的母驴为试验对象,对母驴不同生理状态、产驹天数、配种季节、配种次数、最后一次配种距离排卵的间隔时间、不同授精剂量和不同稀释液等7个方面因素开展了相关研究。结果表明:人工授精2次、3次、4次和5次的情期受胎率显著高于1次(P<0.05),排卵前24 h和48 h人工授精的情期受胎率极显著高于排卵后0~24 h内授精(P<0.01),精液稀释后用注射器向子宫授精(原精)5~10 mL,情期受胎率极显著高于浓缩精液子宫角细管授精(原精)2 mL(P<0.01)。说明驴一个情期人工授精2~5次、最后一次配种距离排卵间隔时间为24~48 h可获得较高的情期受胎率,增加输精剂量可以提高母驴情期受胎率。

雉鸡人工授精及注意事项

雉鸡是一种驯化时间较短的珍禽,在国内真正开展规模化人工养殖也仅30余年时间。初期由于受雉鸡特有生理特性和生产特点影响,主要采用小群地面平养和自然交配的传统饲养模式,生产水平低下。进入21世纪后,国内部分雉鸡种源企业经过10余年的技术创新,在攻克雉鸡单鸡单笼多层立体笼养的基础上,探索形成了雉鸡人工授精实用操作技术。该技术结合雉鸡特有生理特性和生产特点,从种雉准备与调教、采精与精液处理、输精时间与方法等方面,规定了相关操作要领和注意事项,显著提升了种雉人工饲养的生产水平。

奶山羊高效繁殖技术研究进展

近年来,随着我国国民经济的发展,羊奶市场不断扩大,我国奶山羊产业进入发展快车道。然而在当前的经济技术条件下,本交繁殖的传统生产模式已经不适用于规模化养殖,提高奶山羊繁殖效率成为生殖生产中亟待解决的问题。应用奶山羊高效繁殖技术可有效改善奶山羊的繁殖效率,其中同期发情、超数排卵、人工授精等技术在奶山羊生产中得到广泛应用。本文针对奶山羊高效繁殖技术的研究与应用现状进行综述,以期为奶山羊高效繁殖技术的推广和生产效益的提高提供参考。

奶牛同期发情-定时输精技术研究进展

减少输精次数,缩短空怀间隔,提高奶牛妊娠率是提高奶牛繁殖效率,节约养殖成本的重要保障。奶牛同期发情-定时输精技术不仅能满足上述要求,还能跳过发情鉴定环节,直接进行定时输精,进而最大限度提高奶牛繁殖率。本文介绍了奶牛同期发情-定时人工输精(estrous synchronization-fixed-timed artificial insemination, ES-TAI)发展过程中的常用技术和新技术,并将这些技术按不同的处理方式进行归纳分析,重点论述各类技术的原理、操作流程以及实际应用效果,以期为进一步研发更加高效的奶牛同期发情-定时输精新技术和规模化牧场奶牛的繁殖管理提供一定的参考。

驴精液冷冻保存技术研究进展

精液冷冻技术在驴种质资源的长期保存和引进以及人工辅助繁殖技术应用等方面具有重要意义,精液冷冻保存有利于充分发挥优秀种公驴的繁殖力,降低驴养殖产业的生产成本。近年来,驴精液冷冻保护剂和冷冻方法不断优化,驴精液冷冻保存技术也取得了很大的进步。但由于驴冷冻复苏的精子活力和受胎率低,严重限制了驴冷冻精液的推广与应用。本文对驴精液冷冻保存技术的发展历程、精子冷冻损伤机制、影响驴精液冷冻保存的因素和驴冷冻精液的应用进行综述,为今后驴精液冷冻保存技术的研究提供参考。

以DMA、甘油与DMF为保护剂的鸡精液冷冻技术体系比较研究

为筛选出高效、更具推广价值的鸡精液冷冻技术体系,以湘黄鸡和湘东鸡冻后精子活力、受精率与孵化率为检测指标,比较二甲基乙酰胺(Dimethylacetamide,DMA)细管、甘油细管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-Dimethylformamide,DMF)细管精液冷冻技术体系效果。结果显示:①DMA方案最适液氮面冷冻距离为1 cm,冻后平均精子活力湘东鸡为0.23,湘黄鸡为0.33;甘油方案最适液氮面冷冻距离为5 cm,冻后平均精子活力湘东鸡为0.41,湘黄鸡为0.36。②湘东鸡DMF方案平均冻后精子活力为0.15,极显著低于甘油与DMA(P<0.01)。③通过5轮输精,甘油方案平均受精率为45.35%,孵化率为60.31%,均极显著高于其他两类方案(P<0.01)。④甘油方案,公鸡26周龄组冻前精子活力与冻后活力极显著高于50周龄组(P<0.01)。结果表明,甘油细管是目前鸡精液冷冻保存建设的首选方案,应用时可先进行冷冻速率的优化,且应尽可能选择青壮年公鸡。

不孕不育人群生育生活质量评价及其影响因素分析

生育生活质量量表(Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire,FertiQoL)是不孕不育人群生活质量测量的特异性量表。生育生活质量下降会影响不孕不育人群的治疗积极性及治疗依从性,从而影响患者的助孕结局。大量研究表明,不孕不育人群生育生活质量各模块及维度均有受损,但影响因素及对不同维度的影响程度尚无统一结论。中国和国外不孕不育人群生育生活质量受损情况不同,中国患者治疗模块受损更严重,国外患者核心模块受损更严重。社会支持、心理韧性是生育生活质量的保护因素,焦虑、抑郁、述情障碍、生育压力、病耻感则与生育生活质量呈负相关。除此之外,性别、年龄、居住地、受教育程度及不孕年限等一般特征也是不孕不育人群生育生活质量的重要影响因素。但目前对于提高患者生育生活质量的干预措施及干预后临床妊娠率是否得到提升的研究尚不充分。