Electrically tunable holographic polymer templated blue phase liquid crystal grating

In this paper, we demonstrate an alternative approach to fabricating an electrically tunable holographic polymer tem- plated blue phase liquid crystal grating. This grating is obtained by preforming a polymer template comprised of periodic fringes, and then refilling it with a blue phase liquid crystal. Compared with conventional holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings, our grating can remarkably reduce its switching voltage from 200 V to 43 V while maintaining a sub-millisecond response time. The holographic polymer templated blue phase liquid crystal （HPTBPLC） grating is free from electrode patterning, thus leading to a lower cost and more flexible applications.

Kinetics investigations for holographic Bragg grating based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal

This paper investigates the monomer kinetics of polymer dispersed liquid crystal （PDLC） grating. Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectra are used in the studies of photoreaction kinetics. The results indicate that there is a relative stable stage arises after a very short initial stage. Based on FTIR studies, the monomer diffusion equation is deduced and necessary numerical simulations are carried out to analyse the monomer conversion which is an important point to improve phase separation structure of PDLC grating. Some simulation results have a good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the effects induced by monomer diffusion constant D and diffusion-polymerization-ratio rate R are discussed. Results show that monomer conversion can be improved by increasing value of D. Besides, a good equilibrium state （R = 1） is more beneficial to the diffusion of monomer which is important in the process of phase separation.

Technical crystallization for application in pharmaceutical material engineering:Review article

In recent years,engineering the total morphology of pharmaceutical materials particles to desirable shape,size and surface area has long been actively increased because it has many advantages especially for improving physicochemical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients(APIs).This article therefore considers the potential utility of crystal engineering as a tool for controlling and designing properties of pharmaceutical solid particles in purpose to developing efficacious performance of solid dosage form,fundamentals of crystallization process,applications.In addition,understanding the relationship between molecular recognition,thermodynamic,and kinetics which controls the crystallization process so that it benefits in designing successful experiments to have desirable crystal habit for materials.

PREPARATION OF POLYMER DISPERSED LIQUID CRYSTALS USING PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and styrene copolymers are prepared by photopolymerization. The electrooptical behavior and microstructure of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal films are investigated by using He-Ne laser and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. With increasing E7 content in the copolymer, droplet size increased, threshold voltage decreased.

Effect of Polymer Network Morphology on the Performance of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Composite Films

The effects of the morphologies of liquid crystal (LC) droplets left in polymer network on the performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal composite films were investigated.By adjusting the relative content range of the crosslinking and diluents,the morphologies of polymer network can be changed.Therefore,the properties of PDLC composite films with imparity polymer morphologies were obtained by experiments and the finite element simulation.Results of the experimental and finite element simulation showed that the electro-optical properties of PDLC composite films were inversely proportional to the domain size of the polymer network and the mechanical properties were proportional to the domain size of the polymer network.

Random lasing in dye-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal film

A dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film was designed and fabricated,and random lasing action was studied.A mixture of laser dye,nematic liquid crystal,chiral dopant,and PVA was used to prepare the dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film by means of microcapsules.Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that most liquid crystal droplets in the polymer matrix ranged from 30 μm to 40 μm,the size of the liquid crystal droplets was small.Under frequency doubled 532 nm Nd：YAG laser-pumped optical excitation,a plurality of discrete and sharp random laser radiation peaks could be measured in the range of 575–590 nm.The line-width of the lasing peak was 0.2 nm and the threshold of the random lasing was 9 m J.Under heating,the emission peaks of random lasing disappeared.By detecting the emission light spot energy distribution,the mechanism of radiation was found to be random lasing.The random lasing radiation mechanism was then analyzed and discussed.Experimental results indicated that the size of the liquid crystal droplets is the decisive factor that influences the lasing mechanism.The surface anchor role can be ignored when the size of the liquid crystal droplets in the polymer matrix is small,which is beneficial to form multiple scattering.The transmission path of photons is similar to that in a ring cavity,providing feedback to obtain random lasing output.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of WO3 Nanowires in the Presence of Guanidine Sulfate and Its Photocatalytic Activity

WO3 nanowires were fabricated by a hydrothermal method,which proceeded at 170 ℃ for 48 h in a solution containing C2H10N6H2SO4 as a dispersant and Na2WO4 as a starting material.The nanowires exhibit a well crystallized one-dimensional structure with 20 nm in diameter and several microns in length.The physicochemical properties of WO3 were compared using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX） and UV-vis spectroscopy（UV-Vis）.The photoactivity of the as-perpared WO3 nanowires was evaluated through the photodegradation of methylene blue（MB） in aqueous solution.The experimental results demonstrate that addition of C2H10N6H2SO4 salt in the WO3 nanowires synthesis process can enhance its photocatalytic activity obviously.

Study on Dispersion Properties of Photonic Crystal Fiber by Effective-Index Model

The group-velocity-dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) were investigated by effective-index model. The relationship between waveguide dispersion and structure parameters: the pitch A and the relative hole size/was studied.

Optical filter based on internal reflection and optical rotatory dispersion of NaBrO_3 crystal

Based on the optical rotatory dispersion and zero reflection of the p-polarization light at the Brewster angle, a novel optical filter that employs only one NaBrO3 crystal and one polarizer are proposed and demonstrated. Performance of the optical filter is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Results show that the green light is becomes nearly extinct when the angles of the polarizer are set at 80°and 260°, whereas the red light becomes nearly extinct when the angles of the polarizer are set at 116°and 296°.Isolation of more than 8 dB can be achieved. The measured extinction ratios are 12.3 and 12.6 dB for green and red lights, respectively.

Band Structure Calculations of Dispersive Photonic Crystals in 3D using Holomorphic Operator Functions

We propose a finite element method to compute the band structures of dispersive photonic crystals in 3D.The nonlinear Maxwell’s eigenvalue problem is formulated as the eigenvalue problem of a holomorphic operator function.The N´ed´elec edge elements are employed to discretize the operators,where the divergence free condition for the electric field is realized by a mixed form using a Lagrange multiplier.The convergence of the eigenvalues is proved using the abstract approximation theory for holomorphic operator functions with the regular approximation of the edge elements.The spectral indicator method is then applied to compute the discrete eigenvalues.Numerical examples are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Passive patterned polymer dispersed liquid crystal transparent display

A patterned polymer dispersed liquid crystal transparent display using one-time UV exposure is demonstrated.The device is fabricated by exposing the cell with a uniform UV light through a mask with selective attenuation of the UV light.The voltage-transmittance response of the device is different for the corresponding regions.Thus,three different states of total scattering,patterned transparent,and total transparent can be realized by controlling the applied voltages.The proposed device used in shutter mode as smart windows and in projected display mode is demonstrated,which shows great potential for smart windows with customized patterns or logos and has potential application in the field of projected transparent displays.

Effects of Composition on Microstructure and Crystallization Behavior for Impact Polypropylene Copolymer Investigated by Restructuring the Complex Core-Shell Dispersed Particles in Ternary Blends

A series of ternary blends of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene random copolymer/ethylene-propylene segmented copolymer（HPP/EPR/Eb P） whose microstructures are similar to those of impact polypropylene copolymer（IPC） were prepared in order to systematically investigate the effects of composition on microstructure and crystallization behavior of IPC. The observation of primary phase morphology reveals that the dispersed phase with core-shell structure could be rebuilt in certain composition and excessive EPR leads to a bicontinuous phase structure in ternary blends. After undergoing same quiescent crystallization including isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization, these blend samples exhibit special composition-dependent melting behavior, i.e., the melting point increases markedly with the increase of EPR content until it turns down at a critical content（about 30 wt%）. The crystallization behavior is mainly ascribed to the different nucleation abilities. It is suggested that although the compatibility between EPR and HPP components becomes worse with the increase of EPR content due to the increased interfacial area and the decreased concentration of Eb P, higher EPR content in the blend facilitates to heterogeneous nucleation except for the appearance of obvious bicontinuous phase structure.