The design of a photonic crystal filter in the terahertz range

One-dimensional photonic crystal structures for multiple channeled filtering and polarization selective filtering in the terahertz （THz） range are studied theoretically.The design of aperiodic photonic quantum-well （APQW） structures for multiple channeled filtering and different polarization filtering at arbitrary preassigned frequencies are achieved by using the simulated annealing algorithm with a special merit function. The parameters of these filters can be expediently controlled and the transmission characters are polarization dependent. Numerical simulations show that the designed APQWs can meet the desired specification well.

Optical properties of the direct-coupled Y-branch filters by using photonic crystal slabs

We fabricated a new type of two-dimensional photonic crystal slab filter. The resonant cavities were directly put into the waveguide arms. The optical transmissions of the filters were measured and the results show that the optimized two-channel filters give good intensity distribution at the output ports of the waveguide. A minimum wavelength spacing of 5 nm of the filter outputs is realized by accurately controlling the size of the resonant cavities.

Pressure-controlled terahertz filter based on 1D photonic crystal with a defective semiconductor

The tunable terahertz（THz） filter has been designed and studied, which is composed of 1D photonic crystal（PC） containing a defect layer of semiconductor Ga As. The analytical solution of 1D defective PC（1DDPC） is deduced based on the transfer matrix method, and the electromagnetic plane wave numerical simulation of this 1DDPC is performed by using the finite element method. The calculated and simulated results have confirmed that the filtering transmittance of this 1DDPC in symmetric structure of air/（Si/SiO_2）~N/GaAs/（SiO_2/Si）~N/air is far higher than in asymmetric structure of air/（Si/SiO_2）~N/GaAs/（Si/SiO_2）~N/air, where the filtering frequency can be tuned by the external pressure. It can provide a feasible route to design the external pressure-controlled THz filter based on 1DPC with a defective semiconductor.

Surface plasmon resonance-induced tunable polarization filters based on nanoscale gold film-coated photonic crystal fibers

Surface plasmon resonance induced tunable polarization filters based on nanoscale gold film-coated photonic crystal fibers were proposed and analyzed. The characteristics of the polarization filter were calculated by finite element method （FEM）. The gold film was selectively coated on the inner wall of one cladding air hole which was located near the fiber core along the y-axis direction. When the phase of core fundamental mode and surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） mode matches, the two modes couple with each other intensely. Numerical results show that the resonance wavelength and strength vary with fiber structural parameters and the index of the infilling liquid. The fiber parameters were optimized to achieve specific functions. Under the optimal structure, we realized a dual channel filter at the communication wavelength of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm fory polarization direction and x polarization direction. Then a single channel polarized filter at the communication wavelength of 1.55 μm is also achieved by adjusting the refractive index of the infilling liquid. The proposed polarization filters realized dual channel filtering and single channel filtering simultaneously under the same structure for the first time to the best of our knowledge.

Tunable ultra-wideband terahertz filter based on three-dimensional arrays of H-shaped plasmonic crystals

A face-to-face system of double-layer three-dimensional arrays of H-shaped plasmonic crystals is proposed, and its transmission and filtering properties are investigated in the terahertz regime. Simulation results show that our design has excellent filtering properties. It has an ultra-wide bandgap and passband with steep band-edges, and the transmittance of the passband and the forbidden band are very close to 1 and 0, respectively. As the distance between the two face-to-face plates increases, the resonance frequency exhibits a gradual blueshift from 0.88 THz to 1.30 THz. Therefore, we can dynamically control the bandwidths of bandgap and passband by adding a piezoelectric ceramic plate between the two crystal plates. Furthermore, the dispersion relations of modes and electric field distributions are presented to analyze the generation mechanisms of bandgaps and to explain the location of bandgaps and the frequency shift phenomenon. Due to the fact that our design can provide many resonant modes, the bandwidth of the bandgaps can be greatly broadened. This paper can serve as a valuable reference for the design of terahertz functional devices and three-dimensional terahertz metamaterials.

Ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filters consisting of one-dimensional photonic crystals with anomalous dispersion materials

We present a new type of optical filter with an ultra-narrow bandwidth and a wide field-of-view （FOV）. This kind of optical filter consists of one-dimensional photonic crystal （PC） incorporating an anomalous-dispersion-material （ADM） with, for instance, an anomalous dispersion of 6P3/2←6S1/2 hyperfine structure transition of a caesium atom. The transmission spectra of optical filters are calculated by using the transfer-matrix method. The simulation results show that the designed optical filter has a bandwidth narrower than 0.33GHz and a wide FOV of ±30°as well. The response of transmission spectrum to an external magnetic field is also investigated.

Photonic crystal fiber polarization filter with two large apertures coated with gold layers

A novel photonic crystal fiber（PCF） polarization filter is designed and fabricated; it consists of two large apertures coated with gold. The asymmetric structure separates the resonance position in the vertical direction well. Due to the metal layer covering, loss is greatly improved. Finite element method is applied for numerical simulation. The influences of varying gold thickness and varying the diameters and the center positions of the larger apertures on filtering performance are evaluated. Theory of coupling between surface plasma and core mode is introduced. By modulating the parameters, we realize a single polarization filter at 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm. The basal mode loss in the y direction can reach 1408.80 dB/cm at 1.31 μm and 1911.22 dB/cm at 1.55 μm respectively, but basal mode loss in the x direction is relatively small, 0.82 dB/cm and 1.87 dB/cm. In addition, two kinds of broadband polarization filters are proposed. If the fiber length is set to 200 μm,the extinction ratio is greater than 20 dB with width of 570 nm and 490 nm. The filter has simple structure and excellent performance.

Optical properties of the two-port resonant tunneling filters in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs

We have designed and fabricated two types of two-port resonant tunneling filters with a triangular air-hole lattice in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs. In order to improve the filtering efficiency, a feedback method is introduced by closing the waveguide. It is found that the relative position between the closed waveguide boundary and the resonator has an important impact on the dropping efficiency. Based on our analyses, two different types of filters are designed. The transmission spectra and scattering-light far-field patterns are measured, which agree well with theoretical prediction. In addition, the resonant filters are highly sensitive to the size of the resonant cavities, which are useful for practical applications.

Design of diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasma resonance effect

A novel plasmonic polarization filter based on the diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed. The resonant coupling characteristics of the PCF polarization filter are investigated by the full-vector finite-element method. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the PCF, when the fiber length is 5 mm, the polarization filter has a bandwidth of 990 nm and an extinction ratio(ER) of lower than -20 dB. Moreover, a single wavelength polarization filter can also be achieved, along with an ER of -279.78 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. It is believed that the proposed PCF polarization filter will be very useful in laser and optical communication systems.

All-fibre flat-top comb filter based on high-birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror

A novel all-fibre flat-top comb filter based on a high birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror is proposed and demonstrated. We simulate theoretically its output spectra and experimentally realize a flat-top output with a high extinction ratio. Compared to filters consisting of the conventional Panda polarization maintaining fibre, filters based on a high birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror have better temperature stability. This kind of filter can be expected to be used widely in Wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM) systems in the future.

Light propagation properties of two-dimensional photonic crystal channel filters with elliptical micro-cavities

Light propagation through a channel filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystals with elliptical-rod defects is studied by the finite-difference time-domain method. Shape alteration of the defects from the usual circle to an ellipse offers a powerful approach to engineer the resonant frequency of channel filters. It is found that the resonant frequency can be flexibly adjusted by just changing the orientation angle of the elliptical defects. The sensitivity of the resonant wavelength to the alteration of the oval rods＇ shape is also studied. This kind of multi-channel filter is very suitable for systems requiring a large number of output channel filters.

Tunable Optical Filters Based on Different Configurations with Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

Optical filters with different configurations based on cholesteric liquid crystals （CLCs） are designed. The central wavelength from CLCs can be tuned by the electric field or temperature. For the electric field tuning, the ITO is designed with circular patterns, which can make the tunable range 18 nm. For the temperature tuning, two-layer- CLC configurations are used. The experimental results indicate that a deepened or broadened bandgap from the CLC can be achieved by different handedness or concentrations of chiral dopants. The spectrum study is carried out.

A W-Band Waveguide Band-Stop Filter Using Electromagnetic Crystal (EMXT) Surface

A rectangular waveguide band-stop filter using electromagnetic crystals (EMXT) surface as the top and bottom walls is presented in this letter. The EMXT surface has a band gap that can prevent electromagnetic wave from propagating along the waveguide. Dispersion properties of the waveguide filter are analyzed using an approximated lumped-element circuit model. A W-band prototype based on the proposed waveguide filter is designed and characterized. The experimental results show a rejection band centered at 97 GHz and a rejection level of 16 dB.

水果品质的多光谱检测方法与系统研究

为无损获取检测样品的多光谱图像,研究了一种利用液晶可调谐滤光片(LCTF)获取多光谱图像的方法。多级LCTF以Lyot形式级联可在很宽的光谱波段内电控调谐,通过改变所施加电压的大小,实现对滤光片的动态调制,获得高精度的窄带光谱输出。与传统的使用多光谱仪获取多光谱图像相比,该方法具有控制简单、调制电压小、可快速连续调制等优点。该文采用1/4波片法测量一组波片的电压-相位延迟特性,选取合适的波片组成三级滤光片,实现对宽带光谱的窄带滤光,并基于这种方法构建了多光谱成像系统,用于实现对水果品质的无损多光谱检测。

基于表面等离激元共振具有高消光比的光子晶体光纤偏振滤波器

本文提出一种新型光子晶体光纤偏振滤波器,利用有限元方法对其偏振滤波特性进行了模拟分析.该滤波器使用一矩形镀金空气孔取代常用的圆形空气孔,模拟结果证明这种结构可以改变纤心中传输的两个正交偏振模式在金属表面所激发的表面等离激元共振波长之间的间隔及耦合效率,从而在一个偏振模式的约束损耗可忽略不计的情况下,另外一个偏振模式具有较大的约束损耗,实现偏振滤波.该设计思想不仅适应于本文的光子晶体光纤偏振滤波器,也可应用于其它光纤结构.

柴油加氢装置运行中的问题及改进措施

对某炼厂140万t/a柴油加氢装置运行过程中出现的原料过滤器差压升高较快、过滤器反吹频繁、高压空冷和换热器管束结盐、汽轮机排汽压力波动等问题进行技术分析,通过增加原料油过滤器、增加高压换热器注水线、增加压力控制调节阀、优化操作等措施解决了上述问题,保证装置安全平稳长周期运行。

改进中值滤波算法在晶棒图像预处理中的应用

传统的中值滤波算法在晶棒图像处理中无法准确区分噪声和划线特征,导致划线特征过度平滑。为解决该问题,提出了一种基于图像梯度的中值滤波算法。通过引入像素相似度以及图像梯度信息来提高噪声去除的准确性和划线特征保护能力。比较处理后图像的峰值信噪比和划线特征边缘梯度强度,结果显示,经改进算法处理后,图像的划线特征边缘强度和峰值信噪比均高于标准中值滤波和快速加权中值滤波算法,在晶棒图像预处理中性能更优。

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of a Coordination Compound:Ni(C_6H_(12)N_4)_2SO_4·4H_2O

A new coordination compound, Ni（C6H12N4）2SO4.4H20（NSH-HMTA） （HMTA, hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4）, has been synthesized and its single crystals were obtained. NSH-HMTA belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.2534（6）, b = 13.3131（2）, c = 16.0373（2） A, α = 65.981（6）, β = 89.792（3）, γ = 89.677（4）°, Mr= 880.2, Z = 2, V= 1804.6（3） A3, μ = 1.254 mm-1, F（000） = 932, R = 0.0555 （1 〉 2σ（I）） and wR = 0.1908 for 19343 observed reflections. HMTA substitutes for water molecules are located at the para-positions, forming a stretching octahedral nickel ion unit. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows that the dehydration temperature of NSH-HMTA is about 92℃. The characteristic UV peaks are approximately 10 nm red-shifted by the absorption of octahedral HMTA complex ion units.

Independently tunable multichannel terahertz filters

We numerically demonstrate terahertz multichannel filters with independently tunable defect modes based on fractal photonic crystMs. Single defect and multiple defects models are proposed to fabricate the multichannel terahertz filters. The facts that the wave functions of the defect states do not overlap and their bases are orthogonal lead to the independency among the defect modes. The simulated results theoretically provide the principle for fabricating independently tunable multichannel terahertz filters by utilizing one-dimensional phot（~nic crystals with defects.

Wave Transmission in Dispersive Si-Based One Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an angle of incidence up to 55?. The structure works as a narrow band TM-polarization filter for an angle of incidence more than 55?, i.e. a filter which completely blocks TE-polarized waves but allows certain wavelengths of TM-polarized waves. But at an angle of incidence of 89?, the structure works as a multiple narrow band TM-polarization filter even though no defect layer is introduced inside the structure. It is also found that this multiple narrow pass-bands of TM-polarized waves can be tuned to a desired range of wavelength by changing the temperature of the structure.