To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF_2 was replaced with B_2O_3. Then, the influences of CeO_2 on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the ...To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF_2 was replaced with B_2O_3. Then, the influences of CeO_2 on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the new mold flux with 10 wt% B_2O_3 were studied using a slag film heat flux simulator and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results revealed that the addition of CeO2 reduced the heat transfer by increasing the solid slag thickness and the crystallization of two mold fluxes. However, CeO_2 had less effect on the B_2O_3-containing mold flux compared with the CaF_2-bearing mold flux. According to the analyses, the CeO_2 contents in the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the B_2O_3-containing mold flux should not exceed 8 wt% and 12 wt%, respectively. Therefore, these experimental results are beneficial to improve and develop the mold flux for casting rare earth alloy steels.展开更多
The charge transfer complex N,N-dimethylbenzylamine which is between the molybdosilicic acid and organic substrate has been prepared. Yellow crystals of the title compound ([(CH3)2NH(CH2)C6H5]4SiMo12O402CH3CNH2O) were...The charge transfer complex N,N-dimethylbenzylamine which is between the molybdosilicic acid and organic substrate has been prepared. Yellow crystals of the title compound ([(CH3)2NH(CH2)C6H5]4SiMo12O402CH3CNH2O) were synthesized from the mixture of water and acetonitrile. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 13.313(2), b = 14.673(2), c = 19.736(3) ? a = 86.22(1), b = 88.76(1), g = 66.97(1), V = 3540.2(9) 3 and Z = 2. The anion has the Keggin structure. The MoO bond distances range from 1.675(3) to 1.691(3) ?for the terminal oxygen atoms, 1.798(3) to 2.045(3) ?for the bridging ones, and 2.328(3) to 2.361(3) ?for those in the SiO4 tetrahedron. The SiO bond distances fall in the range of 1.623(3)~1.630(3) ?展开更多
To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman ...To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman growth of CdZnTe crystal. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients in the melt were estimated. Distributions of Zn, Cd, and Te were calculated with variable ampoule traveling rate and diffusion coefficients. The experimental results show that Zn in melt near the growth interface decreases and diffuses from the bulk melt to the growth interface. For Cd, the situation is just the opposite. The coupling effects of Zn and Cd diffusions result in an uphill diffusion of Te at the beginning of the growth. Throughout the growth, the concentration of Te in the melt keeps low near the growth interface but high far from the growth interface. Increasing the ampoule traveling rate will aggravate the segregation of Zn and Cd, and hence deteriorate the uniformity of Te. We also find that not only the diffusion coefficients but also the ratios between them have significant influence on the species diffusions.展开更多
2-Thioxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]thiazin-4-one (TDBTO), a new thiazin-one derivative, was synthesized and investigated. The crystal structure of TDBTO (CsHsNOS2, Mr = 193.8) was determined by single-crystal X-ray ...2-Thioxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]thiazin-4-one (TDBTO), a new thiazin-one derivative, was synthesized and investigated. The crystal structure of TDBTO (CsHsNOS2, Mr = 193.8) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 6.946(3), b = 7.402(3), c = 8.954(4)A, α = 66.931(7)°,β = 89.866(7)°, γ = 72.289(7)°, V = 399.8(3) A^3, Z = 2, Mr = 195.25, Dc = 1.622 g/cm^3,μ = 0.606 mm^-1, F(000) = 200, R = 0.0361 and wR = 0.1032. There exist intermolecular hydrogen bond of N(1)-H(1A)-..O(1) and weak C(6)-H(6A)...O(1) contact in the structure as well as face-to-face π-π stacking interactions between the benzene ring and the thiazin ring of an adjacent benzothiazin unit. The photoinduced proton transfer reaction, transforming the initial thione into thiol form, was found, and the latter form was characterized by UV absorption spectra, fluo-rescence spectra and infrared spectra.展开更多
A mold flux is widely used to modify heat transfer rates in continuous casting,and crystallization of the mold flux has been identified as a primary factor that influences heat flux from the strand to the mold.As the ...A mold flux is widely used to modify heat transfer rates in continuous casting,and crystallization of the mold flux has been identified as a primary factor that influences heat flux from the strand to the mold.As the harsh environment and the very high transient nature of the mold caster,the study of dynamic mold flux melting and crystallization as well as their effects on heat transfer has not been conducted widely.By using an infrared radiation emitter,a high level heat flux was applied to a copper mold covered with solid mold flux disk to simulate the heat transfer phenomena in continuous casting.By this technique it is possible to have a liquid layer,a crystalline layer and a glassy layer in contact with one another and,by varying the energy input,it is possible to study the dynamic nature of the film and its effect on the heat transfer rate.A general heat transfer model was also developed to allow the prediction of the effect of varying the thickness of the three potential layers in the flux film.展开更多
The relationship between colloidal particle transfer and the quality of colloidal photonic crystal(CPC) is investigated by comparing colloidal particle self-assembling under the vertical channel(VC) and horizontal...The relationship between colloidal particle transfer and the quality of colloidal photonic crystal(CPC) is investigated by comparing colloidal particle self-assembling under the vertical channel(VC) and horizontal channel(HC) conditions.Both the theoretical analyses and the experimental measurements indicate that crystal quality depends on the stability of mass transfer.For the VC,colloidal particle transfer takes place in a stable laminar flow,which is conducive to forming high-quality crystal.In contrast,it happens in an unstable turbulent flow for the HC.Crystals with cracks and an uneven surface formed under the HC condition can be seen from the images of a field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a three-dimensional(3D) laser scanning microscope(LSM),respectively.展开更多
One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) have a unique ability to control the propagation of light waves, however certain classes of 1D oxides remain relatively unexplored for use as PhCs. Specifically, there has n...One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) have a unique ability to control the propagation of light waves, however certain classes of 1D oxides remain relatively unexplored for use as PhCs. Specifically, there has not been a comparative study of the three different 1D PhC structures to compare the influence of layer thickness, number, and refractive index on the ability of the PhCs to control light transmission. Herein, we use the transfer matrix method (TMM) to theoretically examine the transmission of 1D PhCs composed of layers of TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>, and combinations of the three with various top and bottom layer thicknesses to cover a substantial region of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV to NIR). With increasing layer numbers for TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>, the edges became sharper and wider and the photonic bandgap width increased. Moreover, we demonstrated that PhCs with significantly thick TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> layers had a high transmittance for a wide bandgap, allowing for wide-band optical filter applications. These different PhC architectures could enable a variety of applications, depending on the properties needed.展开更多
Ho3+/yb3+ co-doped LiYF4 single crystals with various Yb3+ concentrations and ,-~ 0.98 mol% Ho3+ concentration are grown by the Bridgman method under the conditions of taking LiF and YF3 as raw materials and a tem...Ho3+/yb3+ co-doped LiYF4 single crystals with various Yb3+ concentrations and ,-~ 0.98 mol% Ho3+ concentration are grown by the Bridgman method under the conditions of taking LiF and YF3 as raw materials and a temperature gradient (40 ~C/cm-50 ~C/cm) for the solid-liquid interface. The luminescent performances of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra, infrared transmittance spectrum, emission cross section, and decay curves under excitation by 980 nm. Compared with the Ho3+ single-doped LiYF4 crystal, the Ho3+/yb3+ co-doped tiYf4 single crystal has an obviously enhanced emission band from 1850 nm to 2150 nm observed when excited by a 980-nm diode laser. The energy transfer from Yb3+ to Ho3+ and the optimum fluorescence emission around 2.0 p-m of Ho3+ ions are investigated. The maximum emission cross section of the above sample at 2.0 p.m is calculated to be 1.08 × 10-20 cm2 for the LiYF4 single crystal of 1-mol% Ho3+ and 6-mo1% Yb3+ according to the measured absorption spectrum. The high energy transfer efficiency of 88.9% from Yb3+ to Ho3+ ion in the sample co-doped by Ho3+ (1 mol%) and Yb3+ (8 tool%) demonstrates that the Yb3+ ions can efficiently sensitize the Ho3+ ions.展开更多
This study presents a novel design for a spiral finned crystallizer which is the primary element of progressive freeze concentration(PFC) system, which simplifies the setup of the conventional system. After the crysta...This study presents a novel design for a spiral finned crystallizer which is the primary element of progressive freeze concentration(PFC) system, which simplifies the setup of the conventional system. After the crystallizer has been designed, the research experiments have been conducted and evaluated through a thorough analysis of its performance by developing a mathematical model that can be used to predict the productivity of ice crystal at a range of coolant temperature. The model is developed based on the basic heat transfer equation, and by considering the solution's and the coolant's convective heat transfer coefficient(h) under the forced flow condition.The model's accuracy is verified by making comparison between the ice crystal mass' experimental value and the values predicted by the model. Consequently, the study found that the model helps in enhancing the PFC system.展开更多
Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped Gd3Ga5O12 single crystal with a dimension of Φ30mm×20mm was grown successfully by Czochralski method.The absorption spectrum was recorded at room temperature and used to calculate the absorp...Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped Gd3Ga5O12 single crystal with a dimension of Φ30mm×20mm was grown successfully by Czochralski method.The absorption spectrum was recorded at room temperature and used to calculate the absorption cross-section.Based on the Judd-Ofelt(J-O) theory,we obtained the three intensity parameters and spectral parameters of this crystal,such as the line strengths,oscillator strengths,radiative probabilities and radiative lifetimes as well as the fluorescent branching ratios.Room temperature fluorescence spectra and luminescence decay curves were recorded.The energy transfer between Yb3+-Tm3+ was observed and the mechanism was discussed.The stimulated emission cross-section of the 3F4→3H6 transition was calculated by the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg(F-L) equation.The potential laser gains for this transition were also investigated.This crystal is promising as a tunable infrared laser crystal at 2.0 μm.展开更多
A novel holmium complex [Ho(HIA)_2(H_2O)_4(NO_3)](NO_3)_2(1, HIA = isonicotinic acid) has been synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes i...A novel holmium complex [Ho(HIA)_2(H_2O)_4(NO_3)](NO_3)_2(1, HIA = isonicotinic acid) has been synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the C2/c space group of monoclinic system: a = 14.4797(7), b = 12.4768(2), c = 13.3471(5) ?, β = 118.690(4)°, V = 2115.26(13) ?~3, C_(12)H_(16)HoN_5O_(17), Mr = 667.23, Z = 4, Dc = 2.095 g/cm^3, μ(Mo Kα) = 3.838 mm^(–1) and F(000) = 1304. The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by an isolated structure. Solid-state photoluminescence experiment uncovers that it shows yellow light emission. The emission bands are originated from the characteristic emission of the 4 f electrons intrashell transition of the ~5S_2 → ~5I_8 and ~5F_5 → ~5I_8 of the Ho^(3+) ions. Energy transfer mechanism is explained by the energy level diagram of the Ho3+ ion and the isonicotinic acid ligand. It has remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates of(0.4929, 0.4632), so it may be a promising color converter for lighting and displays.展开更多
The main objective of this research is to study the effect of rib arrangement on the distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient in a stationary channel. In this study, the ribs with square cross section were...The main objective of this research is to study the effect of rib arrangement on the distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient in a stationary channel. In this study, the ribs with square cross section were used to place on two side walls for study. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) and the rib pitch- to-height (p/e) ratio were fixed at 0.133 and 10, respectively. Three different types of rib arrangement for inclined ribs, V-shaped ribs and inverted V-shaped ribs were investigated. The rib angle of attack (α) was varied from 30° to 90° for inclined ribs and 45° and 60° for both V-shaped and inverted V-shaped ribs, and compared at constant Reynolds number Re =30000. Thermal Liquid Crystal sheet was applied for evaluating the heat transfer distributions. The results showed that the average Nusselt number on surface with rib inclined angle at 60°, 45°, and 60° V-shaped ribs was improved up to about 20%, 25% and 30% higher than case of angle 90° and the rib inclined angle at 60° V-shaped ribs provided the highest Nusselt number covering largest area when compared to the other cases.展开更多
A novel terbium-mercury complex [Tb(IA)3(H3 O)2]2 n(2 n HgCl4)(n Hg2 Cl5)·n H3 O· 3 n H2 O(1, HIA = isonicotinic acid) has been synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal ...A novel terbium-mercury complex [Tb(IA)3(H3 O)2]2 n(2 n HgCl4)(n Hg2 Cl5)·n H3 O· 3 n H2 O(1, HIA = isonicotinic acid) has been synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the C2/c space group of monoclinic system with a = 24.2347(5), b = 20.8342(6), c = 15.3206(3) ?, β = 128.257(2)°, V = 6074.3(2) ?3, C36H41Cl13Hg4N6O20Tb2, Mr = 2458.80, Z = 4, Dc = 2.689 g/cm3, μ(Mo Kα) = 13.014 mm–1 and F(000) = 4520. The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by a one-dimensional(1-D) chain-like structure. Solid-state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum reveals the existence of a wide optical band gap of 3.36 eV. Solid-state photoluminescence experiment uncovers that it shows reddish brown upconversion emission. The emission bands are originated from the characteristic emission of the 4 f electrons intrashell transition of the 5D4 → 7 FJ(J = 6, 5, 4) of the Tb3+ ions. Energy transfer mechanism is explained by the energy level diagram of the Tb3+ ion and the isonicotinic acid ligand. It shows a remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.4158, 0.4005).展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51774024)
文摘To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF_2 was replaced with B_2O_3. Then, the influences of CeO_2 on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the new mold flux with 10 wt% B_2O_3 were studied using a slag film heat flux simulator and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results revealed that the addition of CeO2 reduced the heat transfer by increasing the solid slag thickness and the crystallization of two mold fluxes. However, CeO_2 had less effect on the B_2O_3-containing mold flux compared with the CaF_2-bearing mold flux. According to the analyses, the CeO_2 contents in the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the B_2O_3-containing mold flux should not exceed 8 wt% and 12 wt%, respectively. Therefore, these experimental results are beneficial to improve and develop the mold flux for casting rare earth alloy steels.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (20011500024)
文摘The charge transfer complex N,N-dimethylbenzylamine which is between the molybdosilicic acid and organic substrate has been prepared. Yellow crystals of the title compound ([(CH3)2NH(CH2)C6H5]4SiMo12O402CH3CNH2O) were synthesized from the mixture of water and acetonitrile. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 13.313(2), b = 14.673(2), c = 19.736(3) ? a = 86.22(1), b = 88.76(1), g = 66.97(1), V = 3540.2(9) 3 and Z = 2. The anion has the Keggin structure. The MoO bond distances range from 1.675(3) to 1.691(3) ?for the terminal oxygen atoms, 1.798(3) to 2.045(3) ?for the bridging ones, and 2.328(3) to 2.361(3) ?for those in the SiO4 tetrahedron. The SiO bond distances fall in the range of 1.623(3)~1.630(3) ?
基金Funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0402405,2016YFF0101301)the Special Fund of National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipments Development(2011YQ040082)+4 种基金the National 973 Project of China(2011CB610400)the 111 Project of China(B08040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC-61274081,51372205,and 51502244)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102015BJ(II)ZS014,G2016KY0104,3102016ZY011)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),China
文摘To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman growth of CdZnTe crystal. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients in the melt were estimated. Distributions of Zn, Cd, and Te were calculated with variable ampoule traveling rate and diffusion coefficients. The experimental results show that Zn in melt near the growth interface decreases and diffuses from the bulk melt to the growth interface. For Cd, the situation is just the opposite. The coupling effects of Zn and Cd diffusions result in an uphill diffusion of Te at the beginning of the growth. Throughout the growth, the concentration of Te in the melt keeps low near the growth interface but high far from the growth interface. Increasing the ampoule traveling rate will aggravate the segregation of Zn and Cd, and hence deteriorate the uniformity of Te. We also find that not only the diffusion coefficients but also the ratios between them have significant influence on the species diffusions.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program,2007CB815301)NSF(No.20721001and20571062)the Science&Technique Innovation Project of Xiamen University(No.K77025)
文摘2-Thioxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]thiazin-4-one (TDBTO), a new thiazin-one derivative, was synthesized and investigated. The crystal structure of TDBTO (CsHsNOS2, Mr = 193.8) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 6.946(3), b = 7.402(3), c = 8.954(4)A, α = 66.931(7)°,β = 89.866(7)°, γ = 72.289(7)°, V = 399.8(3) A^3, Z = 2, Mr = 195.25, Dc = 1.622 g/cm^3,μ = 0.606 mm^-1, F(000) = 200, R = 0.0361 and wR = 0.1032. There exist intermolecular hydrogen bond of N(1)-H(1A)-..O(1) and weak C(6)-H(6A)...O(1) contact in the structure as well as face-to-face π-π stacking interactions between the benzene ring and the thiazin ring of an adjacent benzothiazin unit. The photoinduced proton transfer reaction, transforming the initial thione into thiol form, was found, and the latter form was characterized by UV absorption spectra, fluo-rescence spectra and infrared spectra.
文摘A mold flux is widely used to modify heat transfer rates in continuous casting,and crystallization of the mold flux has been identified as a primary factor that influences heat flux from the strand to the mold.As the harsh environment and the very high transient nature of the mold caster,the study of dynamic mold flux melting and crystallization as well as their effects on heat transfer has not been conducted widely.By using an infrared radiation emitter,a high level heat flux was applied to a copper mold covered with solid mold flux disk to simulate the heat transfer phenomena in continuous casting.By this technique it is possible to have a liquid layer,a crystalline layer and a glassy layer in contact with one another and,by varying the energy input,it is possible to study the dynamic nature of the film and its effect on the heat transfer rate.A general heat transfer model was also developed to allow the prediction of the effect of varying the thickness of the three potential layers in the flux film.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91122022 and 51172209)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT),China(Grant No.IRT13097)
文摘The relationship between colloidal particle transfer and the quality of colloidal photonic crystal(CPC) is investigated by comparing colloidal particle self-assembling under the vertical channel(VC) and horizontal channel(HC) conditions.Both the theoretical analyses and the experimental measurements indicate that crystal quality depends on the stability of mass transfer.For the VC,colloidal particle transfer takes place in a stable laminar flow,which is conducive to forming high-quality crystal.In contrast,it happens in an unstable turbulent flow for the HC.Crystals with cracks and an uneven surface formed under the HC condition can be seen from the images of a field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a three-dimensional(3D) laser scanning microscope(LSM),respectively.
文摘One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) have a unique ability to control the propagation of light waves, however certain classes of 1D oxides remain relatively unexplored for use as PhCs. Specifically, there has not been a comparative study of the three different 1D PhC structures to compare the influence of layer thickness, number, and refractive index on the ability of the PhCs to control light transmission. Herein, we use the transfer matrix method (TMM) to theoretically examine the transmission of 1D PhCs composed of layers of TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>, and combinations of the three with various top and bottom layer thicknesses to cover a substantial region of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV to NIR). With increasing layer numbers for TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub>, the edges became sharper and wider and the photonic bandgap width increased. Moreover, we demonstrated that PhCs with significantly thick TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> layers had a high transmittance for a wide bandgap, allowing for wide-band optical filter applications. These different PhC architectures could enable a variety of applications, depending on the properties needed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51472125 and 51272109)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China(Grant No.NBUWC001)
文摘Ho3+/yb3+ co-doped LiYF4 single crystals with various Yb3+ concentrations and ,-~ 0.98 mol% Ho3+ concentration are grown by the Bridgman method under the conditions of taking LiF and YF3 as raw materials and a temperature gradient (40 ~C/cm-50 ~C/cm) for the solid-liquid interface. The luminescent performances of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra, infrared transmittance spectrum, emission cross section, and decay curves under excitation by 980 nm. Compared with the Ho3+ single-doped LiYF4 crystal, the Ho3+/yb3+ co-doped tiYf4 single crystal has an obviously enhanced emission band from 1850 nm to 2150 nm observed when excited by a 980-nm diode laser. The energy transfer from Yb3+ to Ho3+ and the optimum fluorescence emission around 2.0 p-m of Ho3+ ions are investigated. The maximum emission cross section of the above sample at 2.0 p.m is calculated to be 1.08 × 10-20 cm2 for the LiYF4 single crystal of 1-mol% Ho3+ and 6-mo1% Yb3+ according to the measured absorption spectrum. The high energy transfer efficiency of 88.9% from Yb3+ to Ho3+ ion in the sample co-doped by Ho3+ (1 mol%) and Yb3+ (8 tool%) demonstrates that the Yb3+ ions can efficiently sensitize the Ho3+ ions.
基金the financial support through Research University Grant and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Vot nos.04H46 and 4F224)Chemical Engineering Department,Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS for its support
文摘This study presents a novel design for a spiral finned crystallizer which is the primary element of progressive freeze concentration(PFC) system, which simplifies the setup of the conventional system. After the crystallizer has been designed, the research experiments have been conducted and evaluated through a thorough analysis of its performance by developing a mathematical model that can be used to predict the productivity of ice crystal at a range of coolant temperature. The model is developed based on the basic heat transfer equation, and by considering the solution's and the coolant's convective heat transfer coefficient(h) under the forced flow condition.The model's accuracy is verified by making comparison between the ice crystal mass' experimental value and the values predicted by the model. Consequently, the study found that the model helps in enhancing the PFC system.
基金Supported by the Science & Technology Plan Project of Fujian Province (Nos 2005HZ1026 and 2007H0037)the Great Projects of FJIRSM (SZD08001-2 and SZD09001)the Open Science Foundation from Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics of CAS (No 2009KL004)
文摘Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped Gd3Ga5O12 single crystal with a dimension of Φ30mm×20mm was grown successfully by Czochralski method.The absorption spectrum was recorded at room temperature and used to calculate the absorption cross-section.Based on the Judd-Ofelt(J-O) theory,we obtained the three intensity parameters and spectral parameters of this crystal,such as the line strengths,oscillator strengths,radiative probabilities and radiative lifetimes as well as the fluorescent branching ratios.Room temperature fluorescence spectra and luminescence decay curves were recorded.The energy transfer between Yb3+-Tm3+ was observed and the mechanism was discussed.The stimulated emission cross-section of the 3F4→3H6 transition was calculated by the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg(F-L) equation.The potential laser gains for this transition were also investigated.This crystal is promising as a tunable infrared laser crystal at 2.0 μm.
基金supported by the NNSFC(21361013)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education’s Item of Science and Technology(GJJ170637)+1 种基金the open foundation(20180008)of the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe open foundation(ST201522007)of the Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistant Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle(Nanchang Hangkong University)
文摘A novel holmium complex [Ho(HIA)_2(H_2O)_4(NO_3)](NO_3)_2(1, HIA = isonicotinic acid) has been synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the C2/c space group of monoclinic system: a = 14.4797(7), b = 12.4768(2), c = 13.3471(5) ?, β = 118.690(4)°, V = 2115.26(13) ?~3, C_(12)H_(16)HoN_5O_(17), Mr = 667.23, Z = 4, Dc = 2.095 g/cm^3, μ(Mo Kα) = 3.838 mm^(–1) and F(000) = 1304. The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by an isolated structure. Solid-state photoluminescence experiment uncovers that it shows yellow light emission. The emission bands are originated from the characteristic emission of the 4 f electrons intrashell transition of the ~5S_2 → ~5I_8 and ~5F_5 → ~5I_8 of the Ho^(3+) ions. Energy transfer mechanism is explained by the energy level diagram of the Ho3+ ion and the isonicotinic acid ligand. It has remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates of(0.4929, 0.4632), so it may be a promising color converter for lighting and displays.
基金financially supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. program from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) on contract No. PHD/0061/2557
文摘The main objective of this research is to study the effect of rib arrangement on the distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient in a stationary channel. In this study, the ribs with square cross section were used to place on two side walls for study. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) and the rib pitch- to-height (p/e) ratio were fixed at 0.133 and 10, respectively. Three different types of rib arrangement for inclined ribs, V-shaped ribs and inverted V-shaped ribs were investigated. The rib angle of attack (α) was varied from 30° to 90° for inclined ribs and 45° and 60° for both V-shaped and inverted V-shaped ribs, and compared at constant Reynolds number Re =30000. Thermal Liquid Crystal sheet was applied for evaluating the heat transfer distributions. The results showed that the average Nusselt number on surface with rib inclined angle at 60°, 45°, and 60° V-shaped ribs was improved up to about 20%, 25% and 30% higher than case of angle 90° and the rib inclined angle at 60° V-shaped ribs provided the highest Nusselt number covering largest area when compared to the other cases.
基金Supported by the NSF of China(21361013,31460488)NSF of Fujian(2018J01447)+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education’s Item of Science and Technology(GJJ170637)the Open Foundation(20180008)of State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
文摘A novel terbium-mercury complex [Tb(IA)3(H3 O)2]2 n(2 n HgCl4)(n Hg2 Cl5)·n H3 O· 3 n H2 O(1, HIA = isonicotinic acid) has been synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the C2/c space group of monoclinic system with a = 24.2347(5), b = 20.8342(6), c = 15.3206(3) ?, β = 128.257(2)°, V = 6074.3(2) ?3, C36H41Cl13Hg4N6O20Tb2, Mr = 2458.80, Z = 4, Dc = 2.689 g/cm3, μ(Mo Kα) = 13.014 mm–1 and F(000) = 4520. The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by a one-dimensional(1-D) chain-like structure. Solid-state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum reveals the existence of a wide optical band gap of 3.36 eV. Solid-state photoluminescence experiment uncovers that it shows reddish brown upconversion emission. The emission bands are originated from the characteristic emission of the 4 f electrons intrashell transition of the 5D4 → 7 FJ(J = 6, 5, 4) of the Tb3+ ions. Energy transfer mechanism is explained by the energy level diagram of the Tb3+ ion and the isonicotinic acid ligand. It shows a remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.4158, 0.4005).