The formation of orthogonal joint systems and cuboidal blocks:New insights gained from flat-lying limestone beds in the region of Havre-Saint-Pierre(Quebec,Canada)

Vertical orthogonal joints are a common feature in shallow crustal rocks.There are several competing theories for their formation despite the ubiquity.We examined the exceptional exposures of orthogonal joints in flat-lying Ordovician limestone beds from the Havre-Saint-Pierre Region in Quebec,Canada(north shore of Saint-Lawrence River)to test conceptual models of joint formation in a natural setting.In the region,the spacing of cross-joints is consistently larger than the spacing of systematic joints by a factor of 1.5 approximately.The joint-spacing-to-bed-thickness ratios(s/t)are much larger in these beds(s/t=4.3 for systematic joints,and 6.4 for cross-joints)than those in higher strained strata along the south shore of the Saint-Lawrence River(s/t=1),highlighting the effect of tectonic strain in decreasing fracture spacing and block size.The high values of s/t indicate that cross-joint formation was unlikely caused by a switch from compression to tension once a critical s/t ratio for systematic joints was reached(as hypothesized in previous studies).We proposed a new model for the formation of orthogonal joint systems where the principal stress axes locally switch during the formation of systematic fractures.The presence of ladder-shaped orthogonal joints suggests a state of effective stress withσ_(1)^(∗)≫0>σ_(2)^(∗)>σ_(3)^(∗)and whereσ_(2)^(∗)-σ_(3)^(∗)is within the range of fracture strength variability at the time of fracture.This research provides a new mechanical model for the formation of orthogonal joint systems and cuboidal blocks.

Preparation, Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Co-based Clusters with Triangular Core and Cuboidal Core Geometries

Two novel Co-based clusters with the 2-(hydroxylmethyl)pyridine(hmpH)ligand,formulated as[Co3(hmp)6(hmpH)]×2NO3×3H2O(ZTU-3)and[Co4(hmp)4(CH3CO2)2(H2O)4]×2NO3(ZTU-4),have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized.ZTU-3 features a triangular core geometry,while ZTU-4 exhibits a cuboidal core geometry.In addition,the magnetic properties of ZTU-3 and ZTU-4 are also all investigated.

Projections between Euclidean Volumes with Information Due to Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

The goal of our research was to determine a coupling between information theory, geometry and multi-dimensional projections. This was accomplished after preliminary mathematics was presented to determine an alternative method for the illustration of multi-dimensional spaces. That was developed with a unique series that gives structure to integer exponents of power sets. The desired coupling is concisely illustrated in a single figure which includes three cyclic phases that are isomorphic to the three phases of Euclidian, rectangular cuboids. The series enables projections between n- and m-dimensional volumes. The associated figure also illustrates how vertical and/or horizontal symmetry breaking or symmetry emits or absorbs information.

基于Cuboids特征的多类超球面支持向量机动作识别研究

基于超球面支持向量机,利用多类超球面支持向量机结合Cuboids时空兴趣点进行动作识别,在KTH、Weizmann两个数据库上进行仿真实验,取得了满意的效果。

Finite size specimens with cracks of icosahedral Al Pd Mn quasicrystals

Icosahedral quasicrystals are the most important and thermodynamically stable in all about 200 kinds of quasicrystals currently observed. Beyond the scope of classical elasticity, apart from a phonon displacement field, there is a phason displacement field in the elasticity of the quasicrystal, which induces an important effect on the mechanical properties of the material and makes an analytical solution difficult to obtain. In this paper, a finite element algorithm for the static elasticity of icosahedral quasicrystals is developed by transforming the elastic boundary value problem of the icosahedral quasicrystals into an equivalent variational problem. Analytical and numerical solutions for an icosahedral A1-Pd-Mn quasicrystal cuboid subjected to a uniaxial tension with different phonon-phason coupling parameters are given to verify the validity of the numerical approach. A comparison between the analytical and numerical solutions of the specimen demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the present algorithm. Finally, in order to reveal the fracture behavior of the icosahedral A1-Pd-Mn quasicrystal, a cracked specimen with a finite size of matter is investigated, both with and without phonon-phason coupling. Meanwhile, the geometry factors are calculated, including the stress intensity factor and the crack opening displacement for the finite-size specimen. Computational results reveal the importance of pbonon-phason coupling effect on the icosahedral A1-Pd-Mn quasicrystal. Furthermore, the finite element procedure can be used to solve more complicated boundary value problems.

Update on diagnosis and management of cuboid fractures

Cuboid fractures due to the particular bone anatomy and its protected location in the midfoot are rare, and they are usually associated with complex injuries of the foot. Clinical examination to diagnose these fractures should be detailed and the differential diagnosis, especially in the case of vague symptoms, should include the exclusion of all lateral foot pain causes. Conventional radiographs do not always reveal occult fractures, which can be under diagnosed especially in children. In this case, further investigation including magnetic resonance imaging or scintigraphy may be required. The treatment of these injuries depends on the particular fracture characteristics. Non-displaced isolated fractures of the cuboid bone can be effectively treated conservatively by immobilization and by avoiding weight bearing on the injured leg. In the case of shortening of the lateral column> 3 mm or articular displacement > 1 mm, surgical management of the fracture is mandatory in order to avoid negative biomechanical and functional consequences for the foot and adverse effects such as arthritis and stiffness as well as painful gait. In this review, an update on diagnosis and management of cuboid fractures is presented.

A numerical study of dynamics in thin hopper flow and granular jet

The dynamics of granular material discharging from a cuboid but thin hopper,including the hopper flow and granular jet,are investigated via discrete element method(DEM)simulations.The slot width is varied to study its influence on the flow.It is found the flow in the cuboid hopper has similarity with the flow in two-dimensional(2D)hopper.When the slot width is large,the flowrate is higher than the predicted value from Beverloo’s law and the velocity distribution is not Gaussian-like.For granular jet,there is a transition with varying slot width.For large slot width,there is a dense core in the jet and the variations of velocities and density are relatively small.Finally,the availability of continuum model is assessed and the results show that the performance with large slot width is better than that with small slot width.

基于稀疏时空特征描述的驾驶者多种非安全驾驶行为识别

驾驶者非安全驾驶行为是引发恶性交通事故的重要原因,本文通过对于构成视频的图像序列提取时空兴趣点,扩展成Cuboid并进行向量化特征描述,得到驾驶员的动作行为的向量表示,然后使用PCA算法对于得到的特征向量进行降维,并使用K-means算法对其进行聚类,所得到的聚类中心作为Cuboid原型字典中心,最后,使用KNN算法对不同驾驶者的非安全驾驶行为进行有效识别分类。实验结果表明这种方法能够对于不同个体的体貌差异具有一定的容忍性,对于不同驾驶者的相似的非安全的驾驶行为具有较好的识别能力。

Application of Ant Colony Optimization for the Solution of 3 Dimensional Cuboid Structures

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most widely studied real world problems of finding the shortest (minimum cost) possible route that visits each node in a given set of nodes (cities) once and then returns to origin city. The optimization of cuboid areas has potential samples that can be adapted to real world. Cuboid surfaces of buildings, rooms, furniture etc. can be given as examples. Many optimization algorithms have been used in solution of optimization problems at present. Among them, meta-heuristic algorithms come first. In this study, ant colony optimization, one of meta-heuristic methods, is applied to solve Euclidian TSP consisting of nine different sized sets of nodes randomly placed on a cuboid surface. The performance of this method is shown in tests.

Evaluation of rockburst proneness considering specimen shape by storable elastic strain energy

To systematically assess the rockburst proneness considering specimen shape,multiple groups of laboratory tests were performed on 5 rock materials in cylindrical and cuboid shapes.The linear energy storage(LES)law of both cylindrical and cuboid rock specimens under uniaxial compressive load was confirmed,and the energy storage coefficient was found to be unrelated to specimen shape.On the basis of LES law,two rockburst proneness indexes,namely the strain energy storage index(W_(et))and the potential energy of elastic strain(PES),were modified.Subsequently,the W_(et),PES,peak-strength strain energy storage index(W_(et))p,and peak-strength potential energy of elastic strain(PESp)were used to assess the rockburst proneness of the cylindrical and cuboid specimens.In addition,the fragment ejection course of specimens under test was recorded by a high-speed camera.Then,the rockburst proneness judgments obtained from the 4 indexes were compared with the qualitative data during rock destruction.The results show that,under similar stress conditions,specimen shape has an ignorable effect on the rockburst proneness as a whole.The judgment accuracy of the two modified indexes,especially that of the PESp,is favorably improved to evaluate the rockburst proneness of both cylindrical and cuboid specimens.However,misjudgment ofW_(et)^(p)and PESp may still occur in the assessment of rockburst proneness as these two indexes only consider the energy state before rock peak strength and the W_(et)^(p)is formulated in a ratio form.

Controlled fabrication, lasing behavior and excitonic recombination dynamics in single crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite cuboids

As a direct bandgap semiconductor, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite (MAPbX3, MA = CH3NH3, X =Cl, Br, I) have been considered as promising materials for laser due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The perovskite materials with ID and 2D shapes were widely prepared and studied for Fabry-Perot mode and whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities, but cuboid-shape is rarely reported. In this work, we successfully fabricated single crystal cuboid-shaped MAPbBr3 perovskite w让h different morphologies, named microcuboid-MAPbBr3 (M-MAPbBr3) and multi-step-MAPbBr3 (MSMAPbBr3), via solvothermal method. Furthermore, the as-prepared *crystals excitonic recombination lifetime under different pumping energy density was studied by time-resolved photoiuminescence (TRPL). Based on controllable morphology and remarkable lasing properties, these cuboid shaped single crystal perovskite could be a promising candidate for small laser, and other optoelectronic devices.

Experimental study of settling and drag on cuboids with square base

The drag on non-spherical particles is an important basic parameter for multi-phase flows such as in biomass combustion, chemical blending, and mineral processing. Though there is much experimental research on such particles, there are few results for cuboids. This paper presents data for cuboids with a square base in static glycerin-water solutions of various volume concentrations. Complex motions were observed and characterized. A dimensionless expression is given for terminal velocity ut as a function of Archimedes number Ar which is used to develop an accurate correlation for friction factor CD. The accuracy of the correlation is 7.9% compared to experimental data in the literature. For both square plates and square rods, the terminal velocity per unit mass, ut/mp, was used to characterize the influence of narticle geometry on velocity, which was shown to be linear.

Studies of permittivity and permeability of dielectric matrix with cuboid metallic inclusions in different orientations

In this paper,we investigate the possibility of using the heterogeneous materials,with cuboid metallic inclusions inside a dielectric substrate(host)to control the effective permittivity.We find that in the gigahertz range,such a material demonstrates a significantly larger permittivity compared to the pure dielectric substrate.Three principal orientations of microscale cuboid inclusions have been taken into account in this study.The highest permittivity is observed when the orientation provides the largest polarization(electric dipole moment).The detrimental side effect of the metallic inclusion,which leads to the decrease of the effective magnetic permeability,can be suppressed by the proper choice of shape and orientation of the inclusions.This choice can in fact reduce the induced current and hence maximize the permeability.The dissipative losses are shown to be negligible in the relevant range of frequencies and cuboid dimensions.

An interactive approach for functional prototype recovery from a single RGBD image

Inferring the functionality of an object from a single RGBD image is difficult for two reasons:lack of semantic information about the object, and missing data due to occlusion. In this paper, we present an interactive framework to recover a 3D functional prototype from a single RGBD image.Instead of precisely reconstructing the object geometry for the prototype, we mainly focus on recovering the object's functionality along with its geometry.Our system allows users to scribble on the image to create initial rough proxies for the parts. After user annotation of high-level relations between parts, our system automatically jointly optimizes detailed joint parameters(axis and position) and part geometry parameters(size, orientation, and position). Such prototype recovery enables a better understanding of the underlying image geometry and allows for further physically plausible manipulation. We demonstrate our framework on various indoor objects with simple or hybrid functions.

Flux-pinning-induced stress behaviors in a long superconducting slab with central cuboid hole

This paper investigates the flux-pinning-induced stress behaviors in a long superconducting slab with a central cuboid hole.The distribution of flux density is analytically derived for the critical current density of Kim model by considering the effects of the hole.The concentration of stress for both of the zero-field cooling(ZFC)and the field cooling(FC)magnetization processes are investigated through numerical simulation by using finite element method.The results indicate the potential failure mode varies with the height-width ratio and the dimensions of the hole.Different to the case of infinite hole height,the stress concentration behavior for the FC process is more critical when the dimensions of the hole are similar.The findings in this paper are useful for understanding of the degrade mechanism of superconductor in service and the design of new system.

Quadruple-band metamaterial absorber based on the cuboid dielectric particles

In this work,a quadruple-band dielectric metamaterial absorber(MMA)was proposed and studied,which is composed of eight cuboid dielectric particles and a metallic ground plate.When electromagnetic wave is incident on the dielectric particles,dielectric particles act as resonators and produce abundant resonant modes,which can result in perfect absorption.In simulation,four absorption peaks are observed at 9.13,9.62,10.0 and 10.46 GHz with 88%,89%,100%and 96%,respectively.By adjusting geometry parameters of the dielectric particles,dielectric MMAs with different bands can be obtained.Further investigation shows that the absorption peaks can be changed by increasing the permittivity of the dielectric.Based on the designing technique of using simple cuboid dielectric particles directly acting as resonator,this work provides a simple method to construct multiband alldielectric MMA.

Nonlocal response of electric and magnetic modes in a silver cuboid dimer

The nonlocal effect on the spontaneous emission of a silver cuboid dimer is investigated using a local analog model. Magnetic as well as electric dipole excitations are introduced to excite different gap modes. The nonlocal response of electric and magnetic modes on various parameters of gap （width and refractive index） are investigated. Unidirectional radiation is achieved by the interaction between electric and magnetic modes in both local and nonlocal models. Compared to local simulations, the resonant wavelength is blue shifted and the spontaneous emission enhancement is weakened in the nonlocal model. The relative shifts of the resonant wavelengths get larger in smaller gaps with a higher refractive index.