Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of hero...Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point （ST36） without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle. Heroin cue exposure elicited significant activation in craving-related brain regions mainly in the frontal lobes and callosal gyri. Acupuncture without twirling did not significantly affect the range of brain activation induced by heroin cue exposure, but significantly changed the extent of the activation in the heroin addicts group. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle significantly decreased both the range and extent of activation induced by heroin cue exposure compared with heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture without twirling of the needle. These experimental findings indicate that presentation of heroin cues can induce activation in craving-related brain regions, which are involved in reward, learning and memory, cognition and emotion. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point can rapidly suppress the activation of specific brain regions related to craving, supporting its potential as an intervention for drug craving.展开更多
背景:抑制控制和药物渴求是评估甲基苯丙胺成瘾者药物戒断的核心要素,备受学界关注。众所周知,要彻底实现对药物成瘾的戒断,恢复吸毒者受损的抑制控制功能,有效降低对药物的渴求是关键。目的:旨在通过系统分析运动与甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑...背景:抑制控制和药物渴求是评估甲基苯丙胺成瘾者药物戒断的核心要素,备受学界关注。众所周知,要彻底实现对药物成瘾的戒断,恢复吸毒者受损的抑制控制功能,有效降低对药物的渴求是关键。目的:旨在通过系统分析运动与甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑制控制和药物渴求的关系,找出促进甲基苯丙胺成瘾戒断的有效运动干预方案,并进一步探究运动作用的内在机制,以期为未来运动运用于毒品戒断提供理论上的支持和应用上的参考。方法:通过检索中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science及PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“运动,体育锻炼,甲基苯丙胺,抑制功能,渴求度,成瘾”等,英文检索词为“Sport*,Exercise,Methamphetamine,Drug craving,Executive function,Addiction”等,依据纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终获得目标文献65篇进行综述分析。结果与结论:①运动对甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑制控制方面,急性和长期中等强度有氧运动或急性中高强度间歇训练均能够显著提升甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑制控制能力,对于长期有氧运动而言,有氧操课练习或全身性的综合练习效果更佳,若运动形式为功率自行车,建议增加运动干预频次。②运动对甲基苯丙戒断者药物渴求度方面,急性中等强度有氧运动和抗阻力训练或长期中等强度、高强度或递增负荷的有氧及抗阻力训练均能够有效降低甲基苯丙胺戒断者的药物渴求度。③运动对甲基苯丙胺介导的机体成瘾具有内在调控作用,首先,运动可通过影响大脑腹侧被盖区酪氨酸羟化酶的表达,进而刺激多巴胺受体偶联蛋白的表达,促进大脑奖赏区域多巴胺的合成,弥补由于甲基苯丙胺成瘾导致的多巴胺耗竭;其次,运动也可通过调控蛋白激酶A抑制剂,影响多巴胺D1受体介导的蛋白激酶A信号通路,通过抑制蛋白激酶A从而影响环磷酸腺苷反应结合蛋白,实现对甲基苯丙胺成瘾的调控;最后,运动也可在基因水平上通过影响大脑红核区细胞c-fos基因的表达,激活该区域谷氨酸神经元亚群,产生奖赏效应,实现对甲基苯丙胺成瘾的改善。④虽然目前研究已证实运动与甲基苯丙胺成瘾的关系,且已明晰运动作用的脑内机制,但是否还存在运动作用的其他脑内调控途径有待通过设计更为科学、严谨的动物或人体实验,从细胞或分子学水平出发进行深入探究。展开更多
The orbitofrontal cortex （OFC） is particularly important for the neural representation of reward value. Previous studies indicated that electroencephalogram （EEG） activity in the OFC was involved in drug administr...The orbitofrontal cortex （OFC） is particularly important for the neural representation of reward value. Previous studies indicated that electroencephalogram （EEG） activity in the OFC was involved in drug administration and withdrawal. The present study investigated EEG activity in the OFC in rats during the development of food reward and craving. Two environments were used separately for control and food-related EEG recordings. In the food-related environment rats were first trained to eat chocolate peanuts; then they either had no access to this food, but could see and smell it （craving trials）, or had free access to this food （reward trials）. The EEG in the left OFC was recorded during these trials. We showed that, in the food-related environment the EEG activity peaking in the delta band （2-4 Hz） was significantly correlated with the stimulus, increasing during food reward and decreasing during food craving when compared with that in the control environment. Our data suggests that EEG activity in the OFC can be altered by food reward; moreover, delta rhythm in this region could be used as an index monitoring changed signal underlying this reward.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No. 2011zr001Athe Key Project for Science and Technology of Anhui Province, No. 07010302205
文摘Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point （ST36） without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle. Heroin cue exposure elicited significant activation in craving-related brain regions mainly in the frontal lobes and callosal gyri. Acupuncture without twirling did not significantly affect the range of brain activation induced by heroin cue exposure, but significantly changed the extent of the activation in the heroin addicts group. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle significantly decreased both the range and extent of activation induced by heroin cue exposure compared with heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture without twirling of the needle. These experimental findings indicate that presentation of heroin cues can induce activation in craving-related brain regions, which are involved in reward, learning and memory, cognition and emotion. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point can rapidly suppress the activation of specific brain regions related to craving, supporting its potential as an intervention for drug craving.
文摘背景:抑制控制和药物渴求是评估甲基苯丙胺成瘾者药物戒断的核心要素,备受学界关注。众所周知,要彻底实现对药物成瘾的戒断,恢复吸毒者受损的抑制控制功能,有效降低对药物的渴求是关键。目的:旨在通过系统分析运动与甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑制控制和药物渴求的关系,找出促进甲基苯丙胺成瘾戒断的有效运动干预方案,并进一步探究运动作用的内在机制,以期为未来运动运用于毒品戒断提供理论上的支持和应用上的参考。方法:通过检索中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science及PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“运动,体育锻炼,甲基苯丙胺,抑制功能,渴求度,成瘾”等,英文检索词为“Sport*,Exercise,Methamphetamine,Drug craving,Executive function,Addiction”等,依据纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终获得目标文献65篇进行综述分析。结果与结论:①运动对甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑制控制方面,急性和长期中等强度有氧运动或急性中高强度间歇训练均能够显著提升甲基苯丙胺戒断者抑制控制能力,对于长期有氧运动而言,有氧操课练习或全身性的综合练习效果更佳,若运动形式为功率自行车,建议增加运动干预频次。②运动对甲基苯丙戒断者药物渴求度方面,急性中等强度有氧运动和抗阻力训练或长期中等强度、高强度或递增负荷的有氧及抗阻力训练均能够有效降低甲基苯丙胺戒断者的药物渴求度。③运动对甲基苯丙胺介导的机体成瘾具有内在调控作用,首先,运动可通过影响大脑腹侧被盖区酪氨酸羟化酶的表达,进而刺激多巴胺受体偶联蛋白的表达,促进大脑奖赏区域多巴胺的合成,弥补由于甲基苯丙胺成瘾导致的多巴胺耗竭;其次,运动也可通过调控蛋白激酶A抑制剂,影响多巴胺D1受体介导的蛋白激酶A信号通路,通过抑制蛋白激酶A从而影响环磷酸腺苷反应结合蛋白,实现对甲基苯丙胺成瘾的调控;最后,运动也可在基因水平上通过影响大脑红核区细胞c-fos基因的表达,激活该区域谷氨酸神经元亚群,产生奖赏效应,实现对甲基苯丙胺成瘾的改善。④虽然目前研究已证实运动与甲基苯丙胺成瘾的关系,且已明晰运动作用的脑内机制,但是否还存在运动作用的其他脑内调控途径有待通过设计更为科学、严谨的动物或人体实验,从细胞或分子学水平出发进行深入探究。
文摘目的探索美沙酮维持治疗(methadone maintenance treatment,MMT)对海洛因依赖(heroin dependence,HD)患者大脑拓扑特性度中心性(degree centrality,DC)的影响及其与心理行为学的相关性。材料与方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月于西安市灞桥区美沙酮门诊招募的41名正在接受MMT的HD患者,采集静息态功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)数据,评估稽延性戒断症状与渴求评分,纵向随访一年。对影像数据进行DC分析,并采用配对样本t检验进行纵向比较,差异脑区与心理学指标进行相关分析。结果HD患者入组时与MMT一年后稽延性戒断症状评分差异存在统计学意义(Z=3.004,P=0.003),渴求评分差异无统计学意义(Z=0.872,P=0.383)。与基线相比,HD患者经过MMT一年后,双侧丘脑、尾状核、壳核与左侧苍白球的DC降低;右侧舌回与距状回的DC值升高(Gaussian random field校正,单体素水平P<0.001,团块体素水平P<0.01,团块体素>95)。双侧尾状核及左侧苍白球DC值与戒断症状呈负相关性(r=-0.417,P=0.030;r=-0.392,P=0.043;r=-0.383,P=0.049),双侧壳核及左侧苍白球DC值的变化量与渴求的变化量呈正相关性(r=0.410,P=0.008;r=0.332,P=0.034;r=0.395,P=0.011)。结论美沙酮可能通过降低HD患者纹状体在成瘾奖赏脑网络中的中心性,从而调节HD患者戒毒后的稽延性戒断症状与心理渴求;同时可能抑制了冲动性,增强了视觉核心脑区的活动。该研究结果可以为美沙酮对HD患者治疗的神经机制提供影像学依据。
基金National Science Foundation of China (3047055330530270+10 种基金30670669 30770700)973 Program (2005CB522803 2007CB947703)863 Program (O7013810 2006AA02A116)The Major State Basic Research of China (2003CB716600)Chinese-Finnish International Collaboration Project-neuro (30621130076)Program of CASC (KSCX1-YW-R-33YZ200737)National Key Technologies R & D Program and Yunnan Science and Technique Program (2006PT08-2)
文摘The orbitofrontal cortex （OFC） is particularly important for the neural representation of reward value. Previous studies indicated that electroencephalogram （EEG） activity in the OFC was involved in drug administration and withdrawal. The present study investigated EEG activity in the OFC in rats during the development of food reward and craving. Two environments were used separately for control and food-related EEG recordings. In the food-related environment rats were first trained to eat chocolate peanuts; then they either had no access to this food, but could see and smell it （craving trials）, or had free access to this food （reward trials）. The EEG in the left OFC was recorded during these trials. We showed that, in the food-related environment the EEG activity peaking in the delta band （2-4 Hz） was significantly correlated with the stimulus, increasing during food reward and decreasing during food craving when compared with that in the control environment. Our data suggests that EEG activity in the OFC can be altered by food reward; moreover, delta rhythm in this region could be used as an index monitoring changed signal underlying this reward.
