Evaluation of a culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy-based,third-wave therapy manual

BACKGROUND Recommendations for psychotherapy have evolved over the years,with cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)taking precedence since its inception within clinical guidelines in the United Kingdom and United States.The use of CBT for severe mental illness is now more common globally.AIM To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual using the Comprehend,Cope,and Connect approach with individuals from a diverse population presenting to primary and secondary healthcare services.METHODS A pilot study was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the manualised intervention.Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline,post-intervention and 12 wk-follow up.32 participants with mental health conditions aged 20-53 years were recruited.Assessments were completed at three time points,using Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation(CORE),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),Bradford Somatic Inventory and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS).The Patient Experience Questionnaire was completed post-treatment.RESULTS Repeated measures of analysis of variance associated with HADS depression,F(2,36)=12.81,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.42 and HADS anxiety scores,F(2,26)=9.93,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.36;CORE total score and WHODAS both showed significant effect F(1.25,18.72)=14.98,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.5.and F(1.29,14.18)=6.73,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.38 respectively.CONCLUSION These results indicate the effectiveness and acceptability of the culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual intervention among minoritized groups with moderate effect sizes.Satisfaction levels and acceptability were highly rated.The viability and cost-effectiveness of this approach should be explored further to support universal implementation across healthcare systems.

Cognitive Science,Cold War,and Cultural Imagination:A Case Study of The Body Snatchers

Cognitive cultural studies discuss the connection between culture and mind with insights from different areas of cognitive science and explore the functions of the shared features of human cognition in cultural production of specific historical context.The analysis of the American Sci-Fi The Body Snatchers from this perspective reveals the cognitive logic during the cold war period,and indicates that this science fiction not only records and shapes the American social psychology during the Cold War,but also serves as an effective medium through which the political and cultural symptoms of that period can be observed,interpreted,and reflected.

On Dimension of Cultural Connotation in Cognitive-Metaphor Studies

Started from Aristotle, metaphor has been studied independently and relatively ranged from rhetoric, philosophy, pragmatic, anthropology, psychology, cognitive science and other disciplines. This article views the close relation between metaphor and culture on the perspective of cognitive metaphor, focusing on the double functions in the perception of world and creation of culture and further dugs the profound theories of different dimensions in the contrast between English and Chinese language.

Cultural Difference and Cognitive Biases as a Trigger of Critical Crashes or Disasters<br/>—Evidence from Case Studies of Human Factors Analysis

On the basis of the analysis of past case studies of crashes or disasters, it has been clarified how cultural difference and cognitive biases become a trigger of serious crashes or disasters. Heuristic-based biases such as confirmation bias, groupthink, and social loafing surely appeared in the process of crash or disaster breakout. Overconfidence-bases biases such as illusion of control, fallacy of plan, and optimistic bias are also ubiquitous in the route to a critical crash or disaster. Moreover, framing biases contribute to the distorted decision making, and eventually turn into the main cause of critical crash or disaster. In this way, as well as human factors or ergonomics approaches for designing man-machine systems, the prevention and the deletion of cognitive biases are indispensable for the preventing serious crashes or disasters from occurring. Until now, the distortion of decision making has not been discussed from the cultural differences of way of thinking. As well as a variety of cognitive biases, cultural difference in behavior is expected to be important for understanding the root causes of critical crash or disaster. We found that cultural difference distorted judgment through case studies of critical crashes or disasters. It was also demonstrated that considering cultural difference, as well as cognitive biases, is important to prevent irrational and biased decision making from occurring in safety management.

The Relationship between Language, Culture and Cognition

This paper begins with the Sapir-whorf Hypothesis and its controversial points. The close relationship between language, cul ture and cognition is analysed in detail: language and culture co-exist, they interact each other, influence each other. Language determines cognition in a certain sense. The more knowledge a person knows about language, the more he can know the world around him, especially his abstract thinking. As culture co-exist with language, it has the same influence on cognition as language does. Cognitive categories are dependent on the immediate context-culture and language in which they are embedded.

Effect of culture methods on individual variation in the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within a cohort and family

There is substantial individual variation in the growth rates of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus individuals. This necessitates additional work to grade the seed stock and lengthens the production period. We evaluated the infl uence of three culture methods(free-mixed, isolated-mixed, isolated-alone) on individual variation in growth and assessed the relationship between feeding, energy conversion efficiency, and individual growth variation in individually cultured sea cucumbers. Of the different culture methods, animals grew best when reared in the isolated-mixed treatment(i.e., size classes were held separately), though there was no difference in individual variation in growth between rearing treatment groups. The individual variation in growth was primarily attributed to genetic factors. The difference in food conversion efficiency caused by genetic differences among individuals was thought to be the origin of the variance. The level of individual growth variation may be altered by interactions among individuals and environmental heterogeneity. Our results suggest that, in addition to traditional seed grading, design of a new kind of substrate that changes the spatial distribution of sea cucumbers would effectively enhance growth and reduce individual variation in growth of sea cucumbers in culture.

Metaphor: Its Power and Cultural Value

The essay consists of two parts: the first part is devoted to demonstrating the power of metaphor in language and cognition. The second part deals with the cultural value of metaphor, in which investigation generation and interpretation of metaphor are involved.

Succession and seasonal variation in epilithic biofilms on artificial reefs in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Periphytic biofilms in aquaculture waters are thought to improve water quality, provide an additional food source, and improve the survival and growth of some reared animals. In the AsiaPacific region, particularly in China, artificial reefs are commonly used in the commercial farming of sea cucumbers. However, few studies have examined the epilithic biofilms on the artificial reefs. To gain a better understanding of the succession of epilithic biofilms and their ecological processes in sea cucumber culture waters, two experiments were conducted in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Rongcheng, China, using artificial test panels. On the test panels of succession experiment, more than 67 species were identified in the biofilms. On the test panels of seasonal variation experiment, more than 46 species were recorded in the biofilms. In both experiments, communities of epilithic biofilms were dominated by diatoms, green algae and the annelid Spirorbis sp. In the initial colonization, the dominant diatoms were Cocconeis sp., Amphora spp. and Nitzschia closterium in June, which were succeeded by species of Navicula, Cocconeis and Nitzschia(July to September), and then by Licmophora abbreviata, Nitzschia closterium and Synedra spp. in the following months. A diatom bloom in the autumn and filamentous green algae burst in the summer were also observed. Ecological indices well annotated the succession and seasonal changes in epilithic communities. Multidimensional scaling(MDS) analysis found significant differences in diatom community composition among months and seasons. Fast growth of biofilms was observed in the summer and autumn, whereas the biomass of summer biofilms was largely made up of filamentous green algae. Present results show that the components of epilithic biofilms are mostly optimal foods of A. japonicus, suggesting that biofilms on artificial reefs may contribute important nutritional sources for sea cucumbers during their growth seasons. Future works should include quantitative determination of the contribution of epilithic biofilms to the diet of A. japonicus, potential roles of epilithic biofilms in regulating the water quality of sea cucumber ponds, and the regulation of epilithic biofilms in sea cucumber culture ponds.

Cultural Influence on Text Structures──A Comparative Study of Chinese and German Routine Narratives

Culturalexchangesenablepeopletorecognizedifferencesbetweentextstructuresindifferentlanguages.Asearlyasthe60's,Kaplanalreadypointedouttheinfluencethatculturehadupontextstructures,butculturalfactorshavenotyetreceiveddueattentioninmanylinguisticwritings...

Ecological effects of co-culturing the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in an earthen pond

Using net enclosures in an earthen pond, we established three culture treatments with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis : monoculture of sea cucumbers(C), monoculture of shrimp(S), and co-culture of the two species(CS). We measured levels of suspended particulate matter in the water column; total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in both settling particles and the sediment; and chlorophyll a levels in the sediment. We then compared these variables between the three treatments. We also examined growth, survival, and yield of the two species in the different treatments. From June to September, the mean monthly suspended particulate matter sedimentation rates in the CS and S treatments were significantly( P <0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. From August to November, the mean monthly total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a contents in the sediment in the CS and S treatments were significantly( P <0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. Final wet weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and total yield of sea cucumbers in co-culture were all significantly greater than those of sea cucumbers in monoculture. There were no significant differences among any of these variables for shrimp reared in the two systems. The bioturbation of the sediment and fecal production of the shrimp likely supplied natural food for the sea cucumbers. Co-culture of the two species is a viable option for increasing yield per unit area, maximizing use of the water body, and diversifying crop production.

Shark Cognition and a Human Mediated Driver of a Spate of Shark Attacks

Five unprovoked shark attacks are reported from Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt, between 30 November and 5 December 2010. Three of the five attacks are attributed to an oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharinus longimanus with a distinctive crescent-shaped notch in the upper lobe of the caudal fin. The shark was observed during the first attack on a snorkeler and photographed underwater during the second shark attack on a swimmer. In a video taken several months prior to the attacks, the same shark is hand-fed underwater by a divemaster with additional fish in a pack over his buttock. The shark can be seen swimming behind the divemaster while he removed additional fish from this pack. In Victims 1, 2 and 5, the shark removed an extensive amount of tissue from the victims’ buttock. The three victims also lost a hand and/or a portion of their forearm, suggesting the injuries were inflicted by a shark conditioned to associating food with hand-feedings and the human form. The remaining two attacks, Cases 3 and 4, were attributable to the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. This was determined from a unique dental pattern of the right side of the upper jaw due to a prior injury. This same “misalignment” dental pattern was observed in the injuries sustained by Victims 3 and 4. We conclude that the shortfin mako shark was responsible for the attacks on Victims 3 and 4, and the oceanic whitetip shark was the causal species of attacks on Victims 1, 2, and 5.

Empathy and Cognitive Schema:The Ways of Chinese Culture Going Global Reconsidered

In spite of its acknowledged achievements and contributions in recent years,it is still necessary to review the diplomacy of Chinese culture going global.Approached from the perspective of cognition and affection,the main reason leading to the low efficiency of Chinese official cross-cultural communication is that the collectivism implied in the governmental institutes is in conflict with the individualism schema in Western mainstream discourse,making it difficult to invoke empathy from Western audience.By contrast,some popular culture spread through the Internet is empathy-provoking only because it contains two schemata of nostalgia and individualism that have been embedded in many Western netizens’cognition.In other words,popular culture has little communicating power to transmit the essence of Chinese culture.Given the limitations of these two ways,China should at least make adjustments on four aspects to improve the effect of its culture going out:(1)integrate more mutually shared schemata into the selected Chinese culture;(2)modernize the cultural contents and transmission methods;(3)reduce the role of the government and insist on diversifying and individualizing communication subjects;(4)encourage the creation of fine culture.

Studies on culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

Arctic sea ice in the polar region provides a cold habitat for microbial community. Arctic sea ice microorganisms are revealed to be of considerable importance in basic research and potential in biotechnological application. This paper investigated the culture condition and extraceIlular hydrolase of 14 strains of different Arctic sea ice bacteria. The results showed that optimal growth temperature of strains is 15 ℃ or 20 ℃. The optimal pH is about 8.0. They hardly grow at acid condition. 3 % NaCl is necessary for better growth. These strains have different abilities in producing amylase, protease, eellulase and lipase. Pseudoalteronomas sp. Bsi429 and Pseudoalteronomas sp. Bsi539 produced both cellulose, protease and lipase. These results provide a basis for further developing and exploiting the cold adapted marine enzyme resources.

A Study On the Value and Direction of Yancheng Sea Salt Culture in College Students’Ideological and Political Education

Sea Salt Culture is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancestors and the retention of the history.With the passage of time and the innovation of salt making technology,the connotation of sea salt culture is undergoing changes.In the long process of cultural dissemination,sea salt culture permeates local university campuses and enlightens college students as well.This paper explores the profound connotation of sea salt culture in the new era,probes into the important influence of Sea Salt Culture on the ideological and political education of contemporary college students,and analyzes the practical direction for college students to inherit sea salt culture in the new period,so as to expand the breadth and width of sea salt culture.

A Study of Kinship Terms in Thai from the Culture and Cognitive Perspectives

The kinship terms of Thai can be divided into native kinship terms and foreign kinship terms based on the source,and can also be divided into civilian kinship terms and royal kinship terms based on the users.Thai kinship terms have different degrees of distinction in the following six dimensions:paternal and maternal,age,gender,the lineal and the collateral,consanguinity and affinity,users and use occasions.The unique use rules of Thai kinship terms reflect Thai people’s concept of the distinctions between superiority and inferiority,seniors and juniors,intimacy and estrangement.In addition,Thai kinship terms reflect the marriage form that the Thais have experienced,and also reflect Thai people’s ethnic cognitive orientation of experience familiarity,cognitive distance and metaphorical thinking.

Research on the Influence of Network Culture on the Moral Sense of College Students

With the rapid development of information technology,the network,as"the fourth media"that college students contact most,has significant impact on the view of life,values and view of the world of college students. Various functions of the network culture also play an important role in the process of moral socialization of college students and in the change of moral cognition,moral emotion and moral will of college students. Thus,we should take full advantage of the multi-function of the network culture,spreading social mainstream values,holding various network moral education activities so as to improve the level of moral sense of college students. This paper attempts to research the influence of network culture from the perspective of moral mentality,starting from the functions of network culture and analyzing the influence of network upon the moral sense of college students,based on which this paper puts forward new concepts and methods of improving the moral education of college students.

Metaphor, Essence of Bilingual Cognition

Metaphor is pervasive in every aspects of human life.However,metaphor is not only rhetorical device,also the part of cognition as perceptual and conceptualizing means for perceiving the surrounding environment which is regarded as the"bridge"for cross-culture.Metaphor as the essence of bilingua cognition is further elaborated from cross-culture metaphor’s nature,fea tures and the significance of understanding.