Chinese Cultural Dynamics and Childhood:Towards a New Individuality for Education

This paper explores,through the lens of childhood,the Chinese cultural dynamics that encourage harmonious human relationships at the price of individual development and yet support a deep appreciation of natural human experiences that allows room for the development of individuality.The purpose of such investigation is to reexamine our cultural heritage in regard to the ways we conceptualize human beings and treat them,retracing its promises,difficulties,pitfalls,and spiritual resources,and thus to help reconfigure a new individuality for education.

Dynamic culture of a thermosensitive collagen hydrogel as an extracellular matrix improves the construction of tissue-engineered peripheral nerve

Tissue engineering technologies offer new treatment strategies for the repair of peripheral nerve injury, hut cell loss between seeding and adhesion to the scaffold remains inevitable. A thermosensitive collagen hydrogel was used as an extracellular matrix in this study and combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to construct tissue-engineered peripheral nerve composites in vitro. Dynamic culture was performed at an oscillating frequency of 0.5 Hz and 35° swing angle above and below the horizontal plane. The results demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells formed membrane-like structures around the poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds and exhibited regular alignment on the composite surface. Collagen was used to fill in the pores, and seeded cells adhered onto the poly-L-lactic acid fibers. The DNA content of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was higher in the composites constructed with a thermosensitive collagen hydrogel compared with that in collagen I scaffold controls. The cellular DNA content was also higher in the thermosensitive collagen hydrogel composites constructed with the thermosensitive collagen hydrogel in dynamic culture than that in static culture. These results indicate that tissue-engineered composites formed with thermosensitive collagen hydrogel in dynamic culture can maintain larger numbers of seeded cells by avoiding cell loss during the initial adhe-sion stage. Moreover, seeded cells were distributed throughout the material.

A biomimetic magnetically responsive scaffold with tunable and stable compression for dynamic 3D cell culture

Magnetically responsive scaffolds are extensively utilized in tissue engineering for their ability to simulate dynamic three-dimensional(3D)cell microenvironment in a rapid,reversible,and contactless manner.However,existing magnetic scaffolds struggle to provide tunable dynamic compression comparable to natural tissues due to the weak magnetism of magnetic nanoparticles and the mechanical brittleness of hydrogels.Here,we propose a biomimetic 3D magnetic scaffold offering tunable and stable magnetically induced compression for dynamic 3D cell culture.By employing hard magnetic particles NdFeB@SiO_(2) and a mechanically stable elastomer,Ecoflex,the scaffold achieves 15%compression in the magnetic field(240 mT).Moreover,this magnetic scaffold demonstrates remarkable deformation and mechanical stability during 4000 compression cycles.The magnetic scaffold exhibits stiffness(0.78 kPa)and viscoelasticity(relaxation time of 17 s)similar to adipose tissue.Notably,it is verified that human adipose-derived stem cells(hADSCs)are successfully cultured in this magnetic scaffold and the proliferation of hADSCs can be modulated by magnetically induced dynamic compression.This magnetic scaffold for dynamic 3D cell culture can be potentially utilized in cell biology and tissue engineering.

Biomaterial Scaffolds with Biomimetic Fluidic Channels for Hepatocyte Culture

Biomaterial scaffolds play an important role in maintaining the viability and biological functions of highly metabolic hepatocytes in liver tissue engineering. One of the major challenges involves building a complex microchannel network inside three-dimensional （3D） scaffolds for efficient mass transportation. Here we presented a biomimetic strategy to generate a mi- crochannel network within porous biomaterial scaffolds by mimicking the vascular tree of rat liver. The typical parameters of the blood vessels were incorporated into the biomimetic design of the microchannel network such as branching angle and diameter. Silk fibroin-gelatin scaffolds with biomimetic vascular tree were fabricated by combining micromolding, freeze drying and 3D rolling techniques. The relationship between the micro-channeled design and flow pattern was revealed by a flow experiment, which indicated that the scaffolds with biomimetic vascular tree exhibited unique capability in improving mass transportation inside the 3D scaffold. The 3D scaffolds, preseeded with primary hepatocytes, were dynamically cultured in a bioreactor system. The results confirmed that the pre-designed biomimetic microchannel network facilitated the generation and expansion of hepatocytes.