By studying the relationship between physical structure and function in physical chemistry, the author breaks through the limitation of the western narrow social and cultural structure and function theory, and further...By studying the relationship between physical structure and function in physical chemistry, the author breaks through the limitation of the western narrow social and cultural structure and function theory, and further derives and founds the Confucian cultural structure and function theory, thus creating a new research methodology and broadening the research horizon. Through the research, it is found that the Confucian culture structure consists of the hard structure ＂ritual＂ and the soft structure ＂benevolence＂, and based on this constructs three-outline, five- principal, four-moral, eight- virtul, five cardinal principals and other Confucian culture, so that these have a social management function, resulting in a 2000-year stable Chinese social order, which also provides reference for the social management of Chinese government today.展开更多
Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including phi...Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including philosophy,farming and society,and are exhibited in the natural convergence of views on space and time,life and customs,as well as the facilitation of agricultural practice.The connotations of traditional Chinese festivals concern basic areas such as beliefs,rites,language,symbols,diets and art,which are exhibited in the co-existent "festival tokens," "festival events," "festival messages," "festival symbols," "festival food" and "festival art forms." Festivals feature fixed and periodic occurrence and multi-channel cultural inheritance.展开更多
Biofilms have important effects on nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.However,publications about the community structure and functions under laboratory conditions are rare.This study focused on the developmental a...Biofilms have important effects on nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.However,publications about the community structure and functions under laboratory conditions are rare.This study focused on the developmental and physiological properties of cultured biofilms under various phosphorus concentrations performed in a closely controlled continuous flow incubator.The results showed that the biomass（Chl a）and photosynthesis of algae were inhibited under P-limitation conditions,while the phosphatase activity and P assimilation rate were promoted.The algal community structure of biofilms was more likely related to the colonization stage than with the phosphorus availability.Cyanobacteria were more competitive than other algae in biofilms,particularly when cultured under low P levels.A dominance shift occurred from non-filamentous algae in the early stage to filamentous algae in the mid and late stages under P concentrations of 0.01,0.1 and 0.6 mg/L.However,the total N content,dry weight biomass and bacterial community structure of biofilms were unaffected by phosphorus availability.This may be attributed to the low respiration rate,high accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances and high alkaline phosphatase activity in biofilms when phosphorus availability was low.The bacterial community structure differed over time,while there was little difference between the four treatments,which indicated that it was mainly affected by the colonization stage of the biofilms rather than the phosphorus availability.Altogether,these results suggested that the development of biofilms was influenced by the phosphorus availability and/or the colonization stage and hence determined the role that biofilms play in the overlying water.展开更多
National theme plays an important position in modern and contemporary Chinese painting, to achieve style deepen and breakthrough, which requires the painter first have a deep understanding of minority cultures, and ha...National theme plays an important position in modern and contemporary Chinese painting, to achieve style deepen and breakthrough, which requires the painter first have a deep understanding of minority cultures, and have a perceptual experience of their lives. Relying on subjective feelings can easily made a minority careless conceptual evaluation, to say it is brave and pretty strong and can sing and dance that is not a bad idea; deep into their village, listening to folk songs, see the costumes, look for custom these are little difficult, in order to search the resulting to see a few works will make the looking luster, but so far it is still shallow grasp.展开更多
"Culture" is such a broad concept which is understood and defined differently by different people and has been remaining a focus for research.Some view culture as skills,values,understandings,knowledge or wa..."Culture" is such a broad concept which is understood and defined differently by different people and has been remaining a focus for research.Some view culture as skills,values,understandings,knowledge or ways of being achieved as members of society and it is acquired and transmitted over generations;some regard culture as meaning which is established and constructed in practice and it is the context of production of new meaning and constraint of action.In this article it will focus on two theories of culture,namely,Cultural Relativism and Cultural Structuralism,and will illustrate the general ideas,main representatives and their arguments of these two theories.展开更多
China has an outstanding urban planning tradition, which lays down the historical foundation for a theoretical planning system with Chinese characteristics. Thus, revealing the significance of the Chinese urban planni...China has an outstanding urban planning tradition, which lays down the historical foundation for a theoretical planning system with Chinese characteristics. Thus, revealing the significance of the Chinese urban planning tradition in a modern context becomes the key link. Based on the historical experience of Chinese urban planning, this paper attempts to reveal the significance of traditional Chinese urban planning in a modern context from four aspects: urban planning integrated with the natural landscape, urban humanistic and cultural space planning, urban heritage conservation and culture inheritance, and urban planning during an economically prosperous period. Traditional Chinese urban planning emphasizes the integration between city and natural landscape and is good at setting up a baseline of urban order based on the ingenuity of landscape. Moreover, Chinese urban planning focuses on the design of humanistic and cultural space structures as well as the role of urban planning in the cohesion of "the will of the people," inspiration of cultural pursuit, and historical spirit inheritance. Besides, Chinese planning tradition pays attention to the transformation of urban space through economic development and emphasizes the fundamental principle that new space should adhere to the original spatial order.展开更多
文摘By studying the relationship between physical structure and function in physical chemistry, the author breaks through the limitation of the western narrow social and cultural structure and function theory, and further derives and founds the Confucian cultural structure and function theory, thus creating a new research methodology and broadening the research horizon. Through the research, it is found that the Confucian culture structure consists of the hard structure ＂ritual＂ and the soft structure ＂benevolence＂, and based on this constructs three-outline, five- principal, four-moral, eight- virtul, five cardinal principals and other Confucian culture, so that these have a social management function, resulting in a 2000-year stable Chinese social order, which also provides reference for the social management of Chinese government today.
基金a staged research result of "Studies on China’s Newly Emerged Festival Activities"funded by the Central Research Institute of Culture and History
文摘Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including philosophy,farming and society,and are exhibited in the natural convergence of views on space and time,life and customs,as well as the facilitation of agricultural practice.The connotations of traditional Chinese festivals concern basic areas such as beliefs,rites,language,symbols,diets and art,which are exhibited in the co-existent "festival tokens," "festival events," "festival messages," "festival symbols," "festival food" and "festival art forms." Festivals feature fixed and periodic occurrence and multi-channel cultural inheritance.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No2012ZX07103003-02)
文摘Biofilms have important effects on nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.However,publications about the community structure and functions under laboratory conditions are rare.This study focused on the developmental and physiological properties of cultured biofilms under various phosphorus concentrations performed in a closely controlled continuous flow incubator.The results showed that the biomass（Chl a）and photosynthesis of algae were inhibited under P-limitation conditions,while the phosphatase activity and P assimilation rate were promoted.The algal community structure of biofilms was more likely related to the colonization stage than with the phosphorus availability.Cyanobacteria were more competitive than other algae in biofilms,particularly when cultured under low P levels.A dominance shift occurred from non-filamentous algae in the early stage to filamentous algae in the mid and late stages under P concentrations of 0.01,0.1 and 0.6 mg/L.However,the total N content,dry weight biomass and bacterial community structure of biofilms were unaffected by phosphorus availability.This may be attributed to the low respiration rate,high accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances and high alkaline phosphatase activity in biofilms when phosphorus availability was low.The bacterial community structure differed over time,while there was little difference between the four treatments,which indicated that it was mainly affected by the colonization stage of the biofilms rather than the phosphorus availability.Altogether,these results suggested that the development of biofilms was influenced by the phosphorus availability and/or the colonization stage and hence determined the role that biofilms play in the overlying water.
文摘National theme plays an important position in modern and contemporary Chinese painting, to achieve style deepen and breakthrough, which requires the painter first have a deep understanding of minority cultures, and have a perceptual experience of their lives. Relying on subjective feelings can easily made a minority careless conceptual evaluation, to say it is brave and pretty strong and can sing and dance that is not a bad idea; deep into their village, listening to folk songs, see the costumes, look for custom these are little difficult, in order to search the resulting to see a few works will make the looking luster, but so far it is still shallow grasp.
文摘"Culture" is such a broad concept which is understood and defined differently by different people and has been remaining a focus for research.Some view culture as skills,values,understandings,knowledge or ways of being achieved as members of society and it is acquired and transmitted over generations;some regard culture as meaning which is established and constructed in practice and it is the context of production of new meaning and constraint of action.In this article it will focus on two theories of culture,namely,Cultural Relativism and Cultural Structuralism,and will illustrate the general ideas,main representatives and their arguments of these two theories.
基金supported by Outstanding Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51322812)。
文摘China has an outstanding urban planning tradition, which lays down the historical foundation for a theoretical planning system with Chinese characteristics. Thus, revealing the significance of the Chinese urban planning tradition in a modern context becomes the key link. Based on the historical experience of Chinese urban planning, this paper attempts to reveal the significance of traditional Chinese urban planning in a modern context from four aspects: urban planning integrated with the natural landscape, urban humanistic and cultural space planning, urban heritage conservation and culture inheritance, and urban planning during an economically prosperous period. Traditional Chinese urban planning emphasizes the integration between city and natural landscape and is good at setting up a baseline of urban order based on the ingenuity of landscape. Moreover, Chinese urban planning focuses on the design of humanistic and cultural space structures as well as the role of urban planning in the cohesion of "the will of the people," inspiration of cultural pursuit, and historical spirit inheritance. Besides, Chinese planning tradition pays attention to the transformation of urban space through economic development and emphasizes the fundamental principle that new space should adhere to the original spatial order.
