Carry out an Independent Policy and Advance with the Times

The topic of "China’s foreign policy under new circumstances" for discussion raised by Experts Forum of Contemporary International Relations is very important, because situation determines tasks, tasks produce policies and foreign policy is the continuation of domestic policy.

“Culture time”板块教学中跨文化意识培养的策略

在新课程改革的大环境中,文化意识成为英语学科核心素养的重要组成部分。语言是文化的载体,语言与文化是相互依赖、相互影响、相互制约的。学习语言的过程也是学习文化的过程。文章主要结合译林版英语五、六年级教材中的Culture time板块的教学案例,探讨如何在英语课堂教学实践中丰富文化素材、发掘其中的文化元素和领略中西方文化异同,以帮助学生有效学习文化知识,拓宽文化视野,培养文化意识。

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Starter Cultures on the Soaking Time and Quality of “Ofada” Rice

Freshly harvested paddy rice was randomly obtained from three different farms in “Ofada” town, Ogun State, Nigeria and processed according to the traditional parboiling method. The rice was inoculated singly with cultures of Lactobacillus amylophilus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae which were isolated from the soak-water. In order to assess the effect of starter cultures on the soaking time of the rice, the pH and titratable acidity were determined at 12 h interval. The chemical composition and the sensory quality of the rice were also determined at the end of the soaking period while uninoculated rice served as control. The chemical composition of the rice as well as the pH and TTA of the soak-water were significantly (p < 0.05) different from the control while the processing time was shortened to 48 h. The rice inoculated with Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces cerevisae had the highest protein content and best sensory attributes.

Advances in Tissue Culture of Rubber( Hevea brasiliensis L. )

Natural rubber, which is produced as a secondary plant metabolite, has been well recognized as an important raw industrial material due to its unique properties that can not be substituted by any alternative synthetic materials. Although more than 2000 plant species have been shown to possess the ability to synthe- size natural rubber, Hevea brasiliensis L. is yet the only one qualified as a commercial source for natural rubber production, which not only has important economic value, but ＂also leads to significant ecological and social benefits to maintain ecological forest microclimate and ease current ecological issues caused by dwindling natural forests. With the growing demand for natural rubber, providing a large number of high-quality rubber planting materials has become a major issue to be solved. In this paper, advances on tissue culture of H. brasiliensis were summarized, which laid the foundation for breeding high-quality rubber planting materials.

Effect of Different Reproductive Stages and Culture Times on Domestic Cat <i>in Vitro </i>Oocyte Maturation

The domestic cat has been used as a model to carry out comparative research in assisted reproduction, to be applied in wild cats. The efficiency in domestic cat IVM concerning the reproductive status and/or cultivation times has previously been investigated;however, the studies were carried out separately. The objective of this research was to evaluate the maturation of oocytes of domestic cats of different reproductive stages using two different in vitro culture times. The ovaries were obtained by Ooforo-Salpingo-Hysterectomy of cats that were of the following groups: 1) prepubertal, 2) follicular, 3) pregnant or 4) in anestrus. Maturation was carried out with TCM199 medium supplemented with BSA for 24 h and 48 h. On average, 29 ± 25, 20 ± 15, 17 ± 9 and 17 ± 13 oocytes/cat were recovered from the prepubertal follicular, pregnant, and anestrus stages, respectively, but did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). Also, meiotic maturation did not show a significant difference between the different reproductive stages at 24 h and 48 h, respectively (P > 0.05). However, in the prepubertal and follicular stages, greater oocyte maturation numbers were observed at 48 h compared to 24 h (P < 0.05). In contrast, the aforementioned result was not observed in the pregnant and anestrus stages (P > 0.05), indicating that the in vitro culture duration is an important factor during in vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes.

Genre and culture teaching in Advanced English

This paper presents the basic principles of the interactive approach in reading, which is further adopted in Advanced English teaching. From the analysis, the paper concludes that it is necessary for teachers to instill a sense of culture and genre in Advanced English teaching.

Analysis on the Value Composition and Epochal Connotation of Sports Culture

Along with our country society＇ s unceasing development, our country national＇ s living standard obtains the enhancement gradually. But inherited and brings honor to the sports culture also to become our country to develop the sports enterprise the most important, the sports culture impels also strengthened our country＇ s promotion of cultural and ethical progress, improved national＇ s physical quality and the thought idea, to carried forward the sports spirit and the enhancement nationality sentiment has the vital role. Moreover, the sports culture inheritance and the development also promoted our country＇ s sports enterprise development. This article discusses our country sports culture value with emphasis the construction and the time connotation.

PROMOTING AND ADVANCING THE VERVE OF THE SNOW LAND CULTURE

Tibetan culture reflects the unique geographical scenery and social history of Tibet and carries the fruit of interaction between Tibet and civilizations of other nationalities.

英语Culture time板块教学初探

译林版小学英语教材从五年级上册开始增设Culture time板块,目的是让学生在学习文化知识的过程中实现文化理解。指向文化理解的Culture time板块教学,可以通过补充相关知识,帮助学生理解文化的多样性;通过引导探究体验,帮助学生理解文化的深刻性;通过指引对比异同,帮助学生理解文化的差异性。

译林版小学英语教材Culture time板块的教学策略探究

一、前言 语言是文化的载体，语言与文化紧密相连。《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）（以下简称《课程标准》）指出，英语教学应有利于学生理解外国文化，形成跨文化交际意识和初步的跨文化交际能力（教育部，2012）。

Frequency of Blood Cultures Performed in a Community Hospital

Background: Blood cultures (BCs) are obtained to identify etiologic organisms, demonstrate antibiotic efficacy, determine duration of treatment, and/or suggest further interventions. Published guidelines do not clearly state indications and timing for obtaining BCs. As a result, clinicians may obtain too many BCs, increasing cost and patient discomfort. Objective: To determine frequency of BCs performed at our hospital as part of a quality improvement project. Design: Retrospective review of all BCs submitted during a randomly selected month. Setting: A New York City 535-bed, university-affiliated community hospital. Measurements: Patient demographics and BC data were obtained from medical and laboratory records. Results: During the selected month, 2280 BCs were performed for 379 patients. Negative BCs were seen in 221 patients (58%) with one-half having multiple BCs performed within 48 hours of admission and prior to obtaining results of initial BCs. Repeat BCs frequently did not reveal further pathogens among patients with either negative or positive initial BCs. Conclusions: Two-thirds of BCs were obtained from less than one-half of patients without added clinical utility. Often, BCs were repeated prior to results of initial BCs or repeated in patients receiving antibiotics in spite of known low yield following antibiotic initiation. Clinical assessment and review of initial BCs prior to obtaining further BCs is necessary. Staff education regarding appropriate clinical setting for BCs and indications for repeat BCs is required to maximize utilization of resources, improve diagnostic yield, and limit patient discomfort.

小学英语Culture time板块教学策略研究

语言是文化的载体，更是文化的组成部分，语言与文化密切联系。英语新课标明确要求“加强国际理解教育，推动跨文化交流，增进学生对不同国家、不同文化的认识和理解”。因此，在新版牛津小学英语五六年级教材中，新增设了Culture time文化板块：

Tidal Flushing Time of Marine Fish Culture Zones in Hong Kong

Accurate determination of flushing time is crucial for maintaining sustainable production in fish culture zones （FCZs）, as it represents the physical self-purification capability via tidal exchange with clean water in the outer sea. However, owing to the temporal and spatial complexity of the coastal flushing process, existing methods for determining flushing time may not be generally applicable. In this paper, a systematic method for determining the flushing time in FCZs is presented, in which bathymetry, runoff, tidal range and stratification are properly accounted for. We determine the flushing time via numerical tracer experiments, using robust 3D hydrodynamic and mass transport models. For FCZs located in sheltered and land-locked tidal inlets, the system boundary can be naturally defined at the connection with the open sea. For FCZs located in open＇waters, hydrodynamic tracking is first used to assess the extent of tidal excursion and thus delimit the initial boundary between clean water and polluted water. This general method is applied to all designated marine FCZs in Hong Kong for both the dry and wet seasons, including 20 sheltered FCZs （in semi-enclosed waters of Tolo Harbour, Mirs Bay, and Port Shelter） and 6 FCZs in open waters. Our results show that flushing time is the longest in inner Port Shelter （about 40 days in dry season）, and the shortest for the FCZs in open waters （less than one week in dry season）. In addition, the flushing time in dry season is commonly longer than that in wet season： 20%~40% for most well-sheltered FCZs; 2.6-4 times for the others. Our results indicate a positive correlation between the flushing time and distance to open boundary, supporting the view that the flushing time of a FCZ is closely related to its location. This study provides a solid basis for mariculture management such as the determination of carrying capacity of FCZs.

文化让兴趣开花——小学译林牛津英语Culture time板块教学初探

爱因斯坦说过“兴趣是最好的老师”。如何激发小学高年级学生学习英语的兴趣呢？本文通过阐述笔者在教授小学译林牛津英语Culture time板块时发现，不断渗透文化知识可以让学生保持持久的学习兴趣；同时亦能调动起学生学习英语的主观能动性。文化让兴趣开花，让交际更容易。

从文化意识到文化品格的嬗变——浅谈小学英语Culture time版块的教学策略

文化品格是英语学科核心素养的重要要素之一,要求英语学科着力培养具有文化修养和社会责任感的小学生,文化品格的提出为英语学科指明了育人方向。Culture time作为英语文化知识教学的主要版块,对于学生文化意识的培养、文化品格的塑造起着至关重要的作用。纵观小学英语Culture time版块教学现状,存在教师轻板块教学、重知识训练的教学弊端,学生语言学习、文化教学和品格培养都相剥离的现象。基于此,旨在从深度挖掘教材、创设课堂实践活动两方面探寻Culture time版块教学的策略。

基于英语Culture time板块浅谈学生文化意识的培养

文化意识是小学英语学科核心素养的重要因素之一,Culture time作为英语文化知识教学的主要板块,对学生文化意识的培养、文化品格的塑造起着至关重要的作用。本文以译林版英语五年级上册Unit 7 Chinese festivals中Culture time板块的教学为例,通过感知文化、探索文化、触摸文化,浅谈Culture time的教学策略以及学生文化意识的培养。

<i>N</i>–nitrosodiethylamine cytochrome P450 induction and cytotoxicity evaluation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes

The primary routes of potential human exposure to N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) are ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Air, diet and smoking contribute to potential human exposure at levels of a few μg of NDEA/day. Potential exposure depends on the ability of the nitrosamines to migrate from the product into the body. The first step in the metabolic degradation of NDEA by cytochrome oxidase (CYPs) enzymes is the introduction of a hydroxyl group and in human esophage and liver CYP2A3 and CYP2E1 participate on this metabolism. Measuring cytotoxicity in female rat primary hepatocytes cultures, were used to understand the CYP induction and metaboli-zation correlated with low NDEA concentrations. We observed that NDEA at different concentrations in the absence of CYPs inducers, was able to induce CYP2B1, CYP2B2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1 and CYP4A3. A positive NDEA synergistic effect on the levels of mRNA, was observed in the presence of pyrazole (300 μM) for CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 and for pregnenolone 16- carbonitrile (0.15 μM) for CYP2E1. Negative NDEA synergistic effects were observed for ethanol (0.3%) for CYP3A1, pyrazol (300 μM) for CYP2A1 and CYP2E1, and phenobarbital (1 mM) for CYP2A1. These facts are extremally important once that these metabolites can be directly related to the primary DNA lesions. We consider that studies to elucidate the biological factors that determine the shape of the dose-response curve are crucial for low-dose extrapolations of risk.

Culture time板块教学现状与对策

译林小学英语教材在高年段增设了Culture time板块,介绍与单元话题相关的文化知识,是教材修订的亮点所在。本文在南京两所普通小学开展了实证研究,调查Culture time板块的教学现状,研究发现,多数教师已经意识到文化教学的重要作用,但并不重视该板块的实际课堂教学,缺乏开展跨文化交际活动等教学策略。通过教师自身更新观念、整合资源,改变教学模式,能够给学生提供文化体验的契机,并有针对性地提升教学实效。

Spontaneous Proliferation in Organotypic Cultures of Mouse Cochleae

Cells in mammalian cochleae virtually stop proliferation and exit cellular circle before birth. Consequently, hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons destroyed by ototoxic factors cannot be replaced through proliferative regeneration. However, substantial proliferation occurs in organotypic cultures of cochleae from postnatal mice. In the present study, we studied the time course of proliferative growth in cultures of mouse cochlea explants obtained from up to 12 postnatal days. The mitotic nature of this growth was confirmed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining and expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) evaluated with real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Similar growth time course was found in the cochlear explants of different postnatal ages. The new growth reached its maximum at around 2 days in culture followed by a slow-down, and virtually stopped after 5 days of culture. The possible mechanisms and the significance of this proliferation are discussed.