Preliminary Study on the Regional Cultural Characteristics in the Design of Xiweiyuan Park in Xianyang City

[Objective] To explore and analyze the theories and practical approaches to construct garden sites with regional cultural characteristics. [Method] Taking the landscape design of Xiweiyuan Park in Xianyang City as an example,how to express the regional characteristics in the modern garden designs was discussed from the perspective of design principle,layout of planning and landscape analysis. [Conclusion] Garden sites are bathing in certain regional cultures,which could demonstrate overall atmosphere through the spatial structure reflected by concrete material elements such as buildings,architectural oddments,plants and their combinations,thus the essence of garden characteristics is its territoriality. To regain the sense neglected by modernism,the danger of assimilation brought by globalization to the regional culture should be avoided; to solve the problems of losing distinctive characteristics and convergence of landscape design in the garden design,it should be started from natural environment,and then a garden site recognized by both culture and sensibility of people should be created for both mental and physical rest of people.

Characteristics and Commonness:Regional Cultural Development and Inheritance of Chinese Excellent Culture

Different regional cultures in modern China have their own characteristics while sharing some commonness,due to regional traits as well as common routes for development.Shanxi merchants’culture,as a typical representative of Chinese regional culture,reflects Chinese spirits,such as hard work,innovation and honesty and so on from the history of its development,change and cultural connotation,which reveals its macro commonness and micro characteristics.The essence of Shanxi merchants’culture can promote China’s economic development as the excellence of Chinese culture.

Environmental Design in the Context of Chinese Regional Culture

Environmental design plays a critical role in shaping human habitats.In the context of increasing homogenization of environmental aesthetics,the pervasive influence of the information age,and challenges in industry growth,the question arises:where does environmental design stand?This article delves into the development of the environmental design industry in view of China’s diverse regional cultural contexts.It analyzes the concepts and interconnections between China’s regional cultures and environmental design,identifies current issues,and proposes strategies for integrating China’s regional cultures into environmental design practices.This exploration provides valuable insights into the evolution of environmental design within the framework of China’s distinct regional cultural characteristics in the contemporary era.

Analysis on Development Trend of the D omestic Interior Design Pattern based on the Regional Characteristics and Cultural Integration

Interior is the main space of human activities, which is an important part of human life and design activities, and is the link between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Interior design originates from life, and needs to solve the problem of the material world and spiritual world. People improve the living environment and life quality through interior designs. The style of design depends on the geographical features and various cultures, which refi ects the artistic features and personality. The development history of modern architecture and interior design shows that the style of interior design is an important part of the whole architectural style, which reffects the design features of the whole building. Therefore, interior design and outdoor design should be in harmony. The orientation and characteristics of interior design determine the necessity of the style reforms. The future development trend of interior development may have the following characteristics humanism, green design, nationalization, intelligence and regionalization.

On Characteristics and Cultures of the Hakka's Enclosed Houses in South Jiangxi Province

General situation and distribution of round houses of the Hakka in south Jiangxi were introduced, such architectural styles as enclosed house with a square yard (kouzi wei, in the shape of 口), enclosed house with a yard of three transverse and one longitudinal constructions (guozi wei, in the shape of 国), and enclosed house with a round house in its yard (tao wei) were taken to analyze features of the Hakka's enclosed houses. It was highlighted that the Hakka's enclosed houses in south Jiangxi has diversified architectural styles and outstanding defensive and living functions. Construction art and religious culture shown by the enclosed houses were interpreted, and the branch of Han people with unique dialects, cultures, folk customs and emotional attitudes was proposed as a miniature of the culture in south Jiangxi. Moreover, it was stressed that more attention of the public and more efforts for the protection should be given to the Hakka's cultures in south Jiangxi, carriers of the locals' history over the past thousands of years.

The Impact of Employees＇ National/Regional Culture on the Adaptation to Organizational Culture

In respect of all forms of enterprises, whether it is a private or public institution, labor cohesion and productivity is one of the most emphasized issues. Culture, on the other hand, can be characterized as one of the inextricable and hardly ever alterable features of human kind. Whether the profession cohesion and accordingly productivity of those employed within a culture discrepant from their culture of origin both due to the effect of globalization and domestic conditions are culturally affected is a question of importance, which must be answered with regard to state, institution, and employee. The occupational obligation to work in various regions, encountered in public employees at a national scale, particularly in the fields of education and health, and identified with legislative regulations, has become a reason of preference due to economic justifications for private sector employees. Hofstede （1990）, who divides culture, in general, into two, national and organizational, has presented five parameters for the elucidation of cultures. These are ＂power distance＂, ＂individualism vs. collectivism＂, ＂masculinity vs. femininity＂, ＂uncertainty avoidance＂, and ＂long and short term orientation＂. By means of power distance, the conception by an organization or social structure of power distribution of its members is queried. In other words, the difficulty or simplicity in people establishing communication with more influential individuals of the society is evaluated. Individualism vs. collectivism is with regard to whether individuals consider themselves as a distinct individual or a member of a group. Masculinity vs. femininity is the parameter, explanatory of the mentality, rather than a form of gender discrimination. Masculine cultures attach more importance to competition, force, and achievement whereas feminine societies place emphasis on emotions and life quality. Uncertainty avoidance is associated with the attitude of societies towards uncertainties. While some may not pay attention to uncertainties, for others, situations without clear boundaries may be registered as a threat. Long and short term orientation is related to long or short term planned by＇ people and accordingly bearing expectations and in other respects, displays the past, present, and future oriented thinking tendency. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to identify the positive or negative impact of the culture of origin of university staff, to be designated in Istanbul/Turkey, on the organizational culture. By means of the results of the aforementioned study, the comparison of cohesion is in terms of ability to communicate and accordingly productivity, within the frame of Hofstede＇s cultural dimensions, between those employed within their culture （of origin） and those employed in different cultures. In pursuant of the results obtained from this study, an opinion can be formed for the regulations to be issued on the matter on national scale. At institutional scale, contributions can be made in the assessment of employee productivity from the aforesaid perspective and in terms of the employee, awareness can be raised on the impact of working within the body of different cultures.

On The Northeast Regional Culture in Xiao Hong’s Novels

As the literary pride from the black land of northeast China,Xiao hong’s works show the unique regional culture of northeast China.With her meticulous brush strokes,she showed us the distinct geographical environment of the four seasons in north China,the strong local flavor and people’s sentiment,as well as the servility and ferocity of the people in the northeast.Xiao hong’s criticism of callous and ignorant servile characters and his praise of the consciousness of resistance and the indomitable life form,prompts us to think about the“national character”of northeast China and makes us feel the tragedy of society,the philosophy of life and the spirit of poets.

Coordinated development of Yunnan's frontier culture and economy under the regional economic integration pattern

This paper constructs the index system by means of quantitative analysis. We choose the coordination degree of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2015. The regional cultural and economic development in Yunnan's frontier are analyzed so that we can provide the reference for the sustainable development of Yunnan's frontier and realize the coordinated development of culture in Yunnan's frontier and economic system in order. The results show that the culture and economy in Yunnan's frontier are coupled with formation of the coordinated development of culture and economy; economic development is the main reason to promote the coordinated development of culture and economy in Yunnan's frontier, and it contributes to the main force of improving the coordinated development of evolution types; the coordinated development degree of the overall level is low and still in the China's backward level.

Creation of "Regional Characteristic" in Planning and Design of Farmers' Residential Area at the South of Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

After analysis of location feature of the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River and its construction of urban and rural integration,the paper pointed out harmonious combination between natural and artificial factors had been neglected in planning and design of farmers' residential area at the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River,"regional characteristic" losing,residential area in the form of "city community" and buildings in European style.In view of these problems,relevant planning and design thoughts and methods had been proposed as to how to create "regional characteristic" from the perspective of planning,architecture and landscape design.It discussed with emphasis the importance of construction base type and combination of environment with residential area construction;inspirations and design methods obtained from traditional architectures;and the content of landscape overall planning and specific design.It was hoped to enlighten designers to shoulder social and historical responsibility,make exploration unremittingly,and construct beautiful homelands for people.

Characteristic and Functions of Architectural Cultures in Traditional Villages of Ningbo

Further promotion of urbanization has resulted in the broken integrity of architectural environment and cultural system of traditional villages, and some traditional villages with historical architectural styles have been on the verge of extinction. Against the background of building "beautiful Zhejiang and good life", Ningbo City has to optimize the livable environment continuously, integrate natural, humanistic, green, characteristic and comfortable elements into the beautiful countryside construction, thus it is urgent to explore the cultural characteristics and functions of architectural environment in traditional villages. Cultural characteristics and functions of architectural environment in traditional villages of Ningbo should be more systematic, legalized, and scientific. This paper reviewed concepts and cultural connotations of traditional villages, and integrated cultural characteristics and functions of regional architectural environment in traditional villages of Ningbo, and provided references for theoretic researches on the formation of characteristic regional architectural cultures in traditional villages of Ningbo.

Regional Cultural Vocabulary of Landscape Facilities

Modern landscape design starts from the local regional cultural characteristics, historical imprints and geographical features. Through the use of regional cultural vocabulary design, people can change the image perception and cultural awareness of the city, and promote the construction of urban spiritual civilization, thus strongly demonstrating and inheriting urban and regional culture and shaping the urban temperament. In this paper, the application of cultural vocabulary of landscape facilities is illustrated by actual cases on the basis of analyzing the significance of the expression of cultural vocabulary of landscape facilities.

The Influence of Miao Nationality’s Culture in Yuan Xiang Region on the Later Poetry Creation of Qu Yuan

Miao culture is one of the minority cultures in China.It also has a certain impact on the development of Chinese literature and poetry.Chu ci is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan,an ancient poet in China.It is the first collection of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature.Qu Yuan’s poetry creation is related to his life experience.Qu Yuan was exiled to Yuan Xiang region,and he had been in contact with the Miao ancestors in Yuan Xiang area during the exile.Therefore,the Miao land culture in Yuan Xiang area has a profound influence on Qu Yuan’s later poetry creation.This paper,taking Qu Yuan’s later poetry as an example,analyzes the influence of Miao culture on Chu ci in Yuan Xiang area,introduces Qu Yuan’s life and how to contact Miao culture,and probes into the influence of Miao nationality’s religious thought,customs,language and culture,oral folk song and pan song on the later poetry creation of Qu Yuan.

The Influences of the "Eight Sights" Culture on Modern Landscape Design

The cultural details and characteristics of 'Eight sights',which were existent but ignored,were found out through the introduction of the origin and the development of 'Eight sights'.The influences of the 'Eight sights' on modern landscape design were summarized,reflecting the regional and cultural characteristics.The practical significance of re-examining the 'Eight sights' for the development of our garden landscape was pointed out.

Characteristic Innovation of City Square at Guangxi Minority Nationality Regions

After description of the concept of urban feature with Nanning and Liuzhou City as example,the paper illustrated regional characteristics of Guangxi City and highlighted its cultural atmosphere of minority nationalities.It emphasized that only when regional urban feature was further enhanced could city development be promoted,and that only when urban feature was clearly identified could city square was characteristic.As for site selection of city square,it should follow principles of people-orientation,integrity,landscape,economy,ecology and geomancy.As for construction of city square,it should pay attention to integrate urban cultural feature based on relevant principles,and both inherit local historical culture and highlight local natural characteristic.In addition,folk artistic elements could be applied in city square,and folk artistic elements of nonmaterial culture could be integrated into the theme of city square.Material artistic elements could be also extracted and concluded as a kind of aesthetic art,reflected in concrete architectural forms.Characteristic innovation of city square should respect planning,start from city actuality,be based on self characteristics,consider citizens' willingness,and draw on local resources,so as to manifest regional cultural characteristic and promote city influence and competitiveness.

Historical Contributions and Innovative Development of China's Inclusive Culture

Inclusive culture is a dynamic pattern of cultural integration and innovative development formed in the interactions between man and nature, man and society, and man and others. Chinese culture is among the sources of inclusive culture. Being inheritable, open, assimilative, innovative and self–driven, this inclusive culture significantly contributes to China's ideological evolution, ethnic integration, religious development, economic openness, literature and art prosperity, as well as political wisdom in building a community with a shared future for mankind. Inclusiveness is key to the lasting and sustainable development of traditional Chinese culture. During China's construction of a great modern socialist country, the CPC's leadership over cultural innovation and development must be strengthened; a strong cultural confidence must always be maintained; the prosperity of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics must be further enhanced; the sustainable and integrated development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics must be promoted; people's need for an enriched cultural life must be satisfied; and more efforts must be made to build a community with a shared future for mankind. Only in this way can the light of China's inclusive culture illuminate the future of globalization.

Landscape Planning and Design of Kunming Garden on the 7^(th) Jiangsu Horticultural Exposition,China

Taking Kunming Garden on the 7th Jiangsu Horticultural Exposition for an example,its landscape design concepts were disclosed as "based on A Lengthened Couplet of Kunming Daguanlou Mansion,with idyllic scenery as the background,'worthwhile seeing' as the theme",conception and layout,theme and zoning of the garden were discussed,"three scenic spots and one center" were stressed to analyze the expression of landscape creation elements,regional cultures were highlighted in discussing the present landscape design of gardens on the horticultural exposition,so as to provide references for future landscape designs of gardens in the horticultural expo park.

Comparative analysis on microbial community associated with different gastrointestinal regions of wild northern snakehead Channa argus Cantor, 1842

Microbial communities in different gastrointestinal regions （stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut） of the northern snakehead Channa argus （Cantor, 1842） were compared by polymerase chain reaction and partial 16S rDNA sequencing. A total of 194, 140, 212, and 122 OTUs were detected in the stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. Significant differences were found in the Sobs, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indices among samples （P〈0.05）. The gastrointestinal microbial community of C. argus consisted predominantly of Proteobacteria with either Halomonas, Shewanella, Plesiomonas, or Sphingomonas. Fusobacteria, Firm!cutes, and Bacteroidetes also existed in the gastrointestinal tracts. However, significant＇differences were found in the compositions of microbial community among the four regions （P〈0.05）. Cyanobacteria and Spirochetes were significantly higher in the midgut and hindgut （P〈0.05）. Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant in the hindgut and foregut, respectively （P〈0.05）. Proteobacteria was the lowest in the hindgut （P〈0.05）. At genus level, Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas were significantly higher in the hindgut than in the other three samples （P〈0.05）. Clostridium and Prevotella were the highest in the midgut （P〈0.05）. Halomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingomonas were the highest in the foregut （P〈0.05）. Paracoccus and Vibrio were the highest in the stomach. Several genera were only detected in certain regions, as follows： stomach, Paracoccus and Hbrio; foregut, Halomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingomonas; midgut, Clostridium and Prevotella; and hindgut, Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas （P〈0.05）. At the species level, Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae was only detected in the stomach. Prevotella copri and Clostridium perfring were not detected in the foregut and midgut, respectively, whereas Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium pra were not detected in the hindgut. These findings provide valuable information on the microbial community in each gastrointestinal region of C. argus. Moreover, this study indicated that microbial community was not only related to rearing environment but also to the physico-chemical characteristics of each gastrointestinal region.

Strategies for recruiting a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes from primary care clinics in rural Appalachia: Incorporating cultural competence

Background:Recruiting research participants from primary care in rural Appalachia is a major challenge and can be influenced by cultural characteristics,making it critically important to incorporate strategies of cultural competence in the overall design of clinical research.Objectives:The purpose of this paper is to describe culturally competent strategies used for recruitment and data collection with a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes from primary care settings in Appalachia.Design:The Purnell model of cultural competence and relevant literature served as a framework for study design.Four overarching approaches informed the organization of recruitment strategies and development of the data collection plan.Procedures:The approaches included selection of research sites,establishing collaborations,sustaining collaborative relationships,and enhancing understanding of benefits of participation.Four recruitment sites were selected based on potential to enhance diversification of participants;multiple steps were included in each of the three remaining approaches to build relationships and gain participation.A study log was maintained to provide evaluation data.Results:Recruitment took 14 months and a sample of 102 subjects provided consent with 101 participants providing complete data.Demographics were representative of the region except that African American participation was higher(6.9%)compared to current north central Appalachia(3%).Over 72%of participants indicated they would be interested in participating in future studies.Conclusions:These findings emphasize the importance of employing strategies for cultural competence in study design.Use of concepts from the Purnell model led to enhanced representativeness and potential for subsequent generalizability.

Styrax, Emperor’s Cream from the Western Regions

Styrax is also called“emperor’s cream”and“consciousness-regaining spice.”The alias“emperor’s cream”shows its rarity and preciousness with a strong aroma,and another name of“consciousness-regaining spice”implies its functions of active brain and regaining consciousness,dispelling filth with aroma,and relieving pain.The name of“Styrax”displays its complex productive progress and place of origin.With thick quality,heavyweight,and fragrant smell,Styrax gets further application in beauty,skin care,clothes fumigating,and health keeping after introduced into the Central Plains(central China)from the Western Regions.The name of Styrax not only embodies the mellow appeal of spice culture in the Western Regions but also suggests the history of relationship between foreign culture and traditional Chinese medicine.Furthermore,it indicates the broad mind of“all rivers running into sea”and inclusiveness of Chinese culture.