A comparative study on the contents of vitamins in the natural and the cultured prawn

A systematically comparative study on the contents of vitamins in the natural and the cultured prawn, Penaeus chinensis, was made by using High-efficiency Liquid Phase Chromatography in 1989. The results show that the vitamin C (Vc) content in the natural prawn was 8. 19% higher than that of the cultured prawn.As the natural prawn's body length increasing, the Vc content in cephalothorax increased continuously, but after August 10, the Vc content in the cultured prawn fell down rapidly. No significant differences in vitamin B1, B2,B6, nicotinic acid (NAc), nicotinamide (NAm) and folio acid (FAc) were found between the natural and the cultured prawn. Therefore, Vc probably is one of major factors limiting the growth and development of Chinese prawn.

Investigation of the Acceptability of Cultured Meat in University Students

Background: Over the past 20 years, cultured meat has drawn a lot of public attention as a potential solution to issues with animal husbandry, including inadequate use of natural sources, improper animal welfare practices, and possible risks to public health and safety. The novel method of producing meat through culture reduces the need for animals to produce muscle fiber, thereby obviating the necessity for animal slaughter. Apart from its ethical advantages, cultured meat presents a possible way to fulfill the expanding need for food among growing populations. The purpose of this research was to find out whether Turkish students would be willing to pay for and accept cultured meat. Technique: Method: 371 university students who willingly consented to fill out a questionnaire and provide demographic data make up the research sample. Questions from previous studies on the acceptability of cultured meat were compiled to create the survey. The research’s data collection took place in March and April of 2022. The research was completed in June 2022 after the data had been processed and analyzed. Results: The results showed that the majority of participants were female and had omnivorous eating habits. Based on the results of the Bonferroni correction test, students with a higher intention to purchase and consume cultured meat were those who received economics and business education. Students with two years of university education had a higher overall survey score than those with four years of education (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it is discovered that there is a negative correlation between the participants’ ages and their Factor 2 (using cultured meat as an alternative to industrial meat) and Factor 3 (consuming and purchasing it) section points (r = -109, p = 0.036) (r = -0.121, p = 0.019). In conclusion, university students generally have a negative outlook on health-related issues, such as eating cultured meat as an alternative.

Current status and challenges for cell-cultured milk technology: a systematic review

Cellular agriculture is an innovative technology for manufacturing sustainable agricultural products as an alternative to traditional agriculture.While most cellular agriculture is predominantly centered on the production of cultured meat,there is a growing demand for an understanding of the production techniques involved in dairy products within cellular agriculture.This review focuses on the current status of cellular agriculture in the dairy sector and technical challenges for cell-cultured milk production.Cellular agriculture technology in the dairy sector has been classified into fermentation-based and animal cell culture-based cellular agriculture.Currently,various companies synthesize milk components through precision fermentation technology.Nevertheless,several startup companies are pursuing animal cell-based technology,driven by public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms in precision fermentation technology.Hence,this review offers an up-to-date exploration of animal cell-based cellular agriculture to produce milk components,specifically emphasizing the structural,functional,and productive aspects of mammary epithelial cells,providing new information for industry and academia.

Effect of Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Powder on the Chemical and Rheological Properties of Stirred Cultured Camel Milk and Yoghurt

Research shows that producing fermented camel milk is hard because of the milk’s inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large casein micelle size, leading to a weak network of casein formation. In an effort to address this issue, researchers turned to corn starch as a thickening agent, discovering that a concentration of 2.0% effectively improved the viscosity and significantly reduced syneresis in stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. This study explores alternatives to corn starch, focusing on butternut squash seeds as a promising substitute due to their hydrocolloid composition. By incorporating butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) seed powder (BSSP) as a thickening agent, this study aimed at enhancing the chemical and rheological properties of stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. Fermented camel milk was prepared using 4 litres of camel milk, 2% starter cultures (thermophilic culture for yoghurt and mesophilic aromatic culture for stirred cultured camel milk) and BSSP 0.0% (negative control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% corn starch mixed with 0.4% gelatin was used as a standard for comparison. Results showed that increasing the BSSP level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the moisture content while increasing the total solid content of stirred fermented camel milk products. There was an increase in ash content with an increase in BSSP levels. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the pH, with an increase in BSSP levels in stirred fermented camel milk samples. Increasing the concentration of BSSP from 0.4% to 2.0% resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in viscosity and a reduction in syneresis of stirred camel milk yoghurt and stirred cultured camel milk samples. This study demonstrated that BSSP effectively enhances the viscosity, reduces syneresis and increases acidity in stirred fermented camel milk products during storage.

Effects of Estradiol on Cashmere Goat Primary Hair Follicles Cultured in vitro

[Objective] The aim of this study was to preliminarily explore the effects of estradiol on morphology and growth of cashmere goat primary hair follicles. [Method] Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were cultured in serum-free Williams E media supplemented with different doses of 17 β-E2 (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 nmol/L), and their growth rates and morphological changes were observed. [Result] The growth rate of 0.1 nmol/L 17 β-E2 group was quite comparable with that of the control group(0 nmol/L), but the 17 β-E2 with concentrations of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol/L displayed different degrees of inhibition on the growth of hair follicles. Different morphological changes of hair follicles could also be discovered in different concentration treatments. [Conclusion] The study laid a certain foundation for exploring the regulation mechanism of estrogen on growth of cashmere goat hair follicles.

中华民族现代文明:理论内涵、时代要求与世界意义

建设中华民族现代文明谱写了全面推进强国建设、民族复兴的新篇章,“新”就新在它既是一个新概念、一种新问题,也代表着一种新思维,彰显了习近平总书记对文化建设的深入思考。中华民族现代文明作为中国式现代化的文明成果,是党的百年文化建设的宏阔升华,它厚植于中华文明与马克思主义融通结合的沃土,体现了对全人类共同价值的时代追寻。习近平文化思想为建设中华民族现代文明提供根本的理论指引、思想指引、精神指引和使命指引。建设中华民族现代文明,是对时代问题的积极回应,必须坚定文化自信、深化文明互鉴、推进文化传播,推动中华文明焕发时代荣光。

Propagation of Abies beshanzuensis by Water Cultured Medium

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influences of phytohormones (ABT and IAA) and nutrient solution on rooting of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water cultured medium. [Method] The Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu were treated by water (CK), 10 mg/L ABT+ water, 10 mg/L IAA+ water, 10 mg/L ABT+ hoagland solution, 10 mg/L IAA+ hoagland solution, then the rooting process was observed and the formation rate of callus, rooting rate, number of rooting, and root length were investigated and analyzed. [Result] ABT and IAA had obvious influences on callus induction, rooting rate and the number of root of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water culture, so they were suitable to be used in water propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu. The treatments of phytohormones had no regular influences on the longest root length and average root length. The nutrient solutions would not generate obvious influence on propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu at firstly stage, but they generated influence on root growth after rooting. [Conclusion] The research provided new ideas for propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu, which could make it out of endangerment situation quickly.

Modulation of the Nogo signaling pathway to overcome amyloid-β-mediated neurite inhibition in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurites

Neuronal cell death and the loss of connectivity are two of the primary pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease.The accumulation of amyloid-βpeptides,a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease,is believed to induce neuritic abnormalities,including reduced growth,extension,and abnormal growth cone morphology,all of which contribute to decreased connectivity.However,the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms governing this response remain unknown.In this study,we used an innovative approach to demonstrate the effect of amyloid-βon neurite dynamics in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultu re systems,in order to provide more physiologically relevant culture geometry.We utilized various methodologies,including the addition of exogenous amyloid-βpeptides to the culture medium,growth substrate coating,and the utilization of human-induced pluripotent stem cell technology,to investigate the effect of endogenous amyloid-βsecretion on neurite outgrowth,thus paving the way for potential future applications in personalized medicine.Additionally,we also explore the involvement of the Nogo signaling cascade in amyloid-β-induced neurite inhibition.We demonstrate that inhibition of downstream ROCK and RhoA components of the Nogo signaling pathway,achieved through modulation with Y-27632(a ROCK inhibitor)and Ibuprofen(a Rho A inhibitor),respectively,can restore and even enhance neuronal connectivity in the presence of amyloid-β.In summary,this study not only presents a novel culture approach that offers insights into the biological process of neurite growth and inhibition,but also proposes a specific mechanism for reduced neural connectivity in the presence of amyloid-βpeptides,along with potential intervention points to restore neurite growth.Thereby,we aim to establish a culture system that has the potential to serve as an assay for measuring preclinical,predictive outcomes of drugs and their ability to promote neurite outgrowth,both generally and in a patient-specific manner.

Postnatal development of rat retina:a continuous observation and comparison between the organotypic retinal explant model and in vivo development

The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.

敏感环境下地下水池基坑围护施工技术

杨树浦水厂深度处理改造工程具有地质条件复杂、场地工况敏感、施工组织及环境保护要求高等特点。结合周边建筑物密集,且离运营中的文保工业建筑最近距离仅为15 m的特点,从支撑选型、回填及降水、土方开挖等方面介绍了敏感环境下地下水池处理改造基坑围护施工技术,有效地保障了重大工程的高效、安全实施,为今后类似环境下地下结构建造涉及到的基坑施工提供了借鉴和参考。

调整细胞培养条件提高间充质干细胞外泌体治疗骨关节炎的潜能

背景:间充质干细胞外泌体有望发展成为治疗骨关节炎的无细胞疗法,而通过调整细胞培养条件,可以进一步提高其治疗活性和临床转化潜能。目的:综述分析细胞培养条件对外泌体活性的影响,分析其临床转化潜力。方法:查阅国内外有关骨关节炎/软骨损伤修复与间充质干细胞来源外泌体的文献。检索词分别为“外泌体,间充质干细胞,骨关节炎,软骨修复”和“exosomes,extracellular vesicles,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoarthritis,cartilage repair”,检索数据库分别为PubMed和中国知网数据库,检索时限为2010-2023年,最后纳入100篇文献进行总结和分析。结果与结论:(1)在间充质干细胞的培养过程中,提供有利于软骨细胞生长的物理环境,或添加软骨保护小分子、成软骨诱导因子和炎症因子等刺激细胞,可以进一步提高间充质干细胞外泌体在维持软骨细胞表型、促进软骨再生和免疫抑制等方面的调控活性;因此,其他具有相似特征的物理或化学因素,也有可能提升间充质干细胞外泌体治疗骨关节炎的疗效。(2)低氧诱导、脉冲电磁场刺激、生物反应器及软骨保护分子(如人甲状旁腺素1-34)刺激等细胞培养方案具有安全、可规模化生产等优点,可用于制备临床用途的、疗效好的间充质干细胞外泌体。(3)间充质干细胞外泌体有望实现骨关节炎的修正治疗,通过调整细胞培养方案提升治疗活性,可进一步提高其临床转化的可行性。

血管化类器官的构建策略

背景:有效促进类器官内部血管发生是目前类器官培养中的焦点问题,作为一种新近发展的生物培养技术,血管化的类器官在研究活体组织的发育、疾病形成的机制、组织替代疗法以及药物筛选等方面,都有很大的研究和应用价值。目的:对近年来类器官血管化的方法或策略进行归纳总结,分析类器官血管化形成机制以及构建策略,以期为更加深入地研究类器官的发生机制和为临床转化提供可靠的思路。方法:检索PubMed及中国知网数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“organoids,Vascularization,Vascular,Vascular development,vessel”,中文检索词为“血管发生,血管生成,类器官,干细胞,血管化,预血管化”,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①类器官血管化形成机制涉及3个关键因素,即种子细胞、细胞因子与细胞外基质。种子细胞为血管化类器官提供了关键的细胞来源,细胞因子为类器官内部的血管发生起了重要的信号引导作用,细胞外基质为血管细胞提供了外在的生长环境,促进类器官血管化的发生。②血管化类器官的构建策略包括细胞自我重组、微血管碎片渗入、宿主体内移植以及微流控芯片等。体外诱导多能干细胞向血管内皮祖细胞分化能顺利与邻近组织整合并具有血管生成的潜力,故可利用多能干细胞的自我重组功能构建血管化类器官。微血管碎片保留了其细胞复杂性、天然结构和表型可塑性,更利于模拟天然微血管从而促进类器官的血管化。宿主体内移植是目前类器官实现完整血液灌流的最佳方法,而微流控芯片则为实现类器官体外血液供应提供了解决方案。③类器官的多种构建策略如多类干细胞共分化、信号分子的精准调控、微血管渗入和活体宿主移植等,一定程度上在类器官中引入血管成分,使得类器官在功能和成熟度上更接近相应组织。然而缺乏血流灌注仍然是一个难题,迄今为止,仅宿主体内移植才能在类器官中实现有效的血流灌注,因此类器官在血管化方面仍面临许多挑战。

Detection of prawn white spot baculovirusby polymerase chain reaction

INTRODUCTIONAprawnbaculovirushasbeenresponsibleformostoftheseriousshrimpdiseaseinChinasince1992.Studiesonthepathology,Pathogenesisandmorphologyofthevirusshowedthatitwasanon-occlUSiontheybaculoviruswhichcouldinfectPenaeusjaponicus,P.nzonham,P.chinests...

习近平文化思想的创新性理论

习近平文化思想是对马克思主义经典作家文化理论的继承、丰富和发展,是对中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展,是中国化时代化的马克思主义文化理论的最新成果,使马克思主义文化理论达到新高度。习近平文化思想的新成果、新高度充满理论创新性。文本认为,应从关于宣传思想文化工作战略定位的新概括,关于开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界必须遵循的原理,关于理论武装工作要在“真”与“化”上下功夫,关于明确意识形态建设的新重点,关于社会主义核心价值观的新阐发,关于文化自信的深刻阐发,关于文化建设必须遵循的原则,关于中华优秀传统文化的时代价值及其赓续的深刻阐发,关于提出构建中国特色哲学社会科学系统思想,关于新闻舆论工作意义、成效的重要论述,关于旗帜鲜明开展文艺批评的新论述,关于办好思政课的系统论述,关于精神文明建设的新坐标,关于人类文明互鉴的新倡议,关于网络文化建设的系统论述等方面理解习近平文化思想的理论创新。

基于非靶向代谢组学分析甲基化对副干酪乳酪杆菌发酵剂贮藏特性的影响

副干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)Zhang是一株具有调节免疫反应、抗氧化等益生特性的优良菌株。DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传机制,在细菌的很多生理过程中发挥关键作用。为更好利用该菌株,本研究重点关注甲基化对L.paracasei Zhang发酵剂贮藏特性的影响。利用L.paracasei Zhang及其DNA甲基化突变株ΔpglX制备发酵剂并在30℃条件下贮藏90 d。结果表明:与野生型相比,甲基化突变株在贮藏90 d后活菌数极显著提高(P<0.01);利用非靶向代谢组学方法分析贮藏90 d后野生型及其甲基化突变体的代谢物差异发现,与野生型相比,突变体的差异代谢物质有269种,在负离子模式下主要富集到核苷酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、嘧啶代谢、柠檬酸循环、乙醛酸盐和二羧酸盐代谢等多条代谢通路,在正离子模式下主要富集到生物素代谢等多条代谢通路。研究结果证实DNA甲基化可以通过生成和利用碳水化合物类、脂肪酸类物质等提高L.paracasei Zhang的贮藏特性。

SD大鼠乳鼠原代皮质神经元和小胶质细胞同时提取并培养的实验方法

背景:原代皮质神经元和小胶质细胞在探索神经系统疾病细胞疗法中起着至关重要的作用,而目前获得2种细胞的方法大多较繁琐,需分别单独提取。因此找到一种便捷、快速可同时提取2种细胞的方法十分关键。目的:探索一种新型同时提取原代皮质神经元及小胶质细胞的方法。方法:取24 h内新生SD大鼠乳鼠,将大脑取出放入装有DMEM的培养皿中,去除软脑膜后备用。同一脑组织,先提取原代神经元,再将剩余脑组织用于提取小胶质细胞,整个过程在冰上操作。原代皮质神经元提取培养步骤:镊子夹取2.0-3.0 mm厚度大脑皮质组织置于培养皿,用木瓜蛋白酶消化20 min,中止消化后吹打组织呈互相粘连的组织悬液,吸上清细胞悬液,过滤、分装到15 mL离心管中,离心并重悬后将细胞接种于左旋多聚赖氨酸包被的6孔板爬片上放入细胞培养箱,每隔1 d观察神经元形态,第7天进行MAP2和β-Tubulin免疫荧光染色鉴定。小胶质细胞提取培养步骤:夹取上一步取皮质后剩余脑组织,厚度8-10 mm,置于培养皿,用胰酶消化20 min,中止消化后吹打组织呈匀浆,然后将匀浆转移到培养瓶中培养,第14天将培养瓶封口后进行恒温水平摇床振荡2 h,小胶质细胞脱落于上清中;取纯化后的小胶质细胞继续培养3 d进行Iba1免疫荧光染色鉴定。结果与结论:(1)神经元培养24 h后贴壁、胞体变大,部分神经元长出突触;培养到第3,5天时胞体进一步增大,大部分神经元已呈突触形态,部分神经元成团生长;第7天时,神经元突触延长增粗并互相连接成网。经β-Tubulin、MAP2免疫荧光染色鉴定为神经元。(2)小胶质细胞培养第1天换液后可见细胞贴壁生长;第3,5,7天时细胞密度均较小,细胞形态呈高亮椭圆或圆形,但已基本成团块状生长于其他细胞上层;第10天时小胶质细胞密度明显增大;第14天时小胶质细胞呈致密团块状生长于其他细胞上层,此时可进行分离纯化。取分离纯化后细胞再培养至第3天,经Iba1免疫荧光鉴定为小胶质细胞,且纯度大于95%。(3)结果表明,经此法提取并培养获得的原代皮质神经元和小胶质细胞纯度高、形态好、成活率高。

Alternatives for large-scale production of cultured beef: A review

Cultured beef is a method where stem cells from skeletal muscle of cows are cultured in vitro to gain edible muscle tissue. For large-scale production of cultured beef, the culture technique needs to become more efficient than today＇s 2-dimensional（2D） standard technique that was used to make the first cultured hamburger. Options for efficient large-scale production of stem cells are to culture cells on microcarriers, either in suspension or in a packed bed bioreactor, or to culture aggregated cells in suspension. We discuss the pros and cons of these systems as well as the possibilities to use the systems for tissue culture. Either of the production systems needs to be optimized to achieve an efficient production of cultured beef. It is anticipated that the optimization of large-scale cell culture as performed for other stem cells can be translated into successful protocols for bovine satellite cells resulting in resource and cost efficient cultured beef.

TOXIC EFFECTS OF Zn^(2+), Cu^(2+), Cd^(2+)and NH_3 ON CfflNESE PRAWN

This study deals with the toxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and NH3 on Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis). The median lethal concentrations of the toxic matters on Chinese prawn were determined. Cd2+】Cu2+】Zn2+】NH3-Nm is the toxic order of these chemicals to Chinese prawn. The toxic order of concentrated Zn2+ and Cd2+ in tissues and organs of Chinese prawn is in the order gill 】 shell + appendage】viscera 】 muscle..

Primary porcine hepatocytes with portal vein serum cultured on microcarriers or in spheroidal aggregates

AIM To develop a culture mode providingdurable biomaterials with high yields andactivities used in bioartificial liver.METHODS Hepatocytes were isolated from awhole pig liver by Seglen’s method of orthotopicperfusion with collagenase.In culture onmicrocarriers,primary porcine hepatocyteswere inoculated at a concentration of 5×10~7/mLinto the static culture systems containing 2 g/LCytodex-3,then supplemented with 100 mL/Lfetal calf serum(FCS)or 100 mL/L porcineportal vein serum(PPVS)respectively.Inspheroidal aggregate culture hepatocytes wereinoculated into 100 mL siliconized flasks at aconcentration of 5.0×10~6/mL.RESULTS In culture on microcarriershepatocytes tended to aggregate on Cytodex-3obviously after being inoculated.Typical multi-cellular aggregated spheroids could be found inthe two systems 24 h-48 h after hepatocyteswere cultured.The morphological charact-eristics and synthetic functions were maintainedfor 5 wk in FCS culture system and 8 wk in PPVSculture system.In spheroidal aggregate cultureabout 80%-90% isolated hepatocytes becameaggregated spheroids 24h after cultured insuspension and mean diameter of the spheroidswas 100μm.The relationship among thehepatocytes resembled that in the liver in vivo.Synthetic functions of albumin and urea of the spheroids were twice those of hepatocytescultured on monolayers.CONCLUSION As high-yields and high-activitymodes of culture on microcarriers or inspheroidal aggregate culture with portal veinserum are promising to provide biomaterials forbioartificial liver(BAL)efficiently.

习近平文化思想科学体系阐释论纲

习近平文化思想是逻辑自恰、相互贯通、结构完整并集时代性、系统性、原创性于一体的开放性科学体系。深刻把握和领会习近平文化思想的核心要义与主导逻辑,需要建构具有有效性的理论阐释框架。文本通过提炼五个重大学术命题,即坚持党对文化工作的全面领导和巩固党的文化领导权,坚定文化自信、建设社会主义文化强国,在不断健全文化体系中增强国家文化软实力,以“两个结合”特别是“第二个结合”引领中华文明发展,在文明互鉴中增强中华文明的传播力影响力,以此为四梁八柱构建阐释习近平文化思想科学体系的理论框架。