Finite Element Analysis Study of Box Culvert Jacking-Out Construction under Existing Railway Line

To shorten the existing box culvert demolition construction period and ensure the normal operation of the railway, the jacking-out construction method was adopted. The ABAQUS finite element software was used to establish a three-dimensional model of the box culvert and soil body of the relying project, and three excavation thickness (0m, 1 m, 2 m) were used as the main variation parameters for numerical analysis and research, and the change law of the box culvert itself and soil body stress during the culvert jacking out process was obtained. The results show that the jacking force-displacement curves of the three working conditions can be divided into two stages, and the jacking force reaches the maximum value at the moment when the static friction turns into sliding friction at the end of the first stage. The stress distribution at the bottom slab of the box culvert in the jacking process is approximately normal, and the stress decreases with the increase of the roadbed excavation thickness. The increase of the roadbed excavation thickness can reduce the soil pressure on the side of the box culvert and effectively reduce the deformation of the roadbed in the jacking-out process. The deformation of the roadbed during the jacking process can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the roadbed excavation.

Utility Impact below Bridge or Culvert Soffit on Open Channel Flow

The background to this research was a flooding incident that occurred in Bridgend, Co. Donegal, Ireland in August 2017. While several properties were flooded, a flooding case study of a single dwelling house adjacent to the Bridgend River at Riverdale, Bunamayne, Co. Donegal, Ireland is used herein. For this study the flooded site shall be referred to as the “Hegarty property”. A structure in the form of a stone arched culvert is located directly adjacent to the two-storey detached dwelling house on the Hegarty Property. While the culvert is referred to locally as a bridge, within this research the word culvert will be used in connection with the structure. The culvert has a concrete surrounded utility (watermain) crossing at a gradient below the culvert soffit on the upstream face of the structure. The utility obstructed flow through the culvert and contributed to the flooding event. Given the implication of climate change and the increased probability of more extreme flooding events, it was decided to explore the case study to ascertain the factors that contribute to flooding events when utilities are positioned at culvert or bridge structures. This work was completed to assist undergraduate students, researchers, and local authorities in a relatively unknown area of flood causation.

Design and Construction Technology of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Slab Culverts

Compared with traditional cast-in-situ concrete slab culverts,prefabricated reinforced concrete slab culverts can be produced more quickly and has strong quality controllability,strong earthquake resistance,and repeatability.They will be the primary production method of slab culverts in the future.This article offers a comprehensive review of the design and construction technology associated with prefabricated reinforced concrete slab culverts.The objective is to provide a valuable reference for related enterprises,enhance the quality of design and construction in precast pile configuration,and,in turn,contribute to the advancement of construction projects within our country.

Study on dynamic response of embedded long span corrugated steel culverts using scaled model shaking table tests and numerical analyses

A series of scaled-model shaking table tests and its simulation analyses using dynamic finite element method were performed to clarify the dynamic behaviors and the seismic stability of embedded corrugated steel culverts due to strong earth-quakes like the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The dynamic strains of the embedded culvert models and the seismic soil pressure acting on the models due to sinusoidal and random strong motions were investigated. This study verified that the cor-rugated culvert model was subjected to dynamic horizontal forces (lateral seismic soil pressure) from the surrounding ground, which caused the large bending strains on the structure; and that the structures do not exceed the allowable plastic deformation and do not collapse completely during strong earthquake like Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The results obtained are useful for design and construction of embedded long span corrugated steel culverts in seismic regions.

The effects of water flow and temperature on thermal regime around a culvert built on permafrost

Temperature and water flow through a culvert beneath the Alaska Highway near Beaver Creek,Yukon,were measured at hourly intervals between June and October 2013.These data were used to simulate the effect of the culvert on the thermal regime of the road embankment and subjacent permafrost.A 2-D thermal model of the embankment and permafrost was developed with TEMP/W and calibrated using field observations.Empirical relations were obtained between water temperatures at the entrance to the culvert,flow into the culvert,and water temperatures inside the structure.Water temperatures at the entrance and inside the culvert had a linear relation,while water temperatures inside the culvert and water flow were associated by a logarithmic relation.A multiple linear regression was used to summarize these relations.From this relationship,changes in the flow rate and water temperatures at the entrance of the culvert were simulated to obtain predicted water temperatures in the culvert.The temperatures in the culvert were used in the thermal model to determine their effects on the ground thermal regime near the culvert.Variation of ±10% in water flow rate had no impact on the thermal regime underneath the culvert.Variation of water temperature at the entrance of the culvert had a noticeable influence on the thermal regime.A final simulation was conducted without insulation beneath the culvert.The thaw depth was 30 cm with insulation,and 120 cm without insulation,illustrating the importance of insulation to the ground thermal regime.

Centrifugal model test and numerical simulation of vertical earth pressure on soft foundation box culvert

To obtain the vertical earth pressure on a soft foundation box culvert and investigate the interaction of the soil-culvert-foundation system, both a centrifugal model test and a numerical simulation were conducted and the comparisons with the current methods to determine the load on a culvert were completed. The results of the model test and numerical analysis are in satisfactory agreement, which shows that the direction of the shear stress between the culvert and the adjacent embankment depends on the differential settlement between them. A vertical earth pressure concentration appears on the culvert with a rigid piles foundation because of a downward shear stress. The ratio of the load on a soft foundation culvert and the overburden pressure above the culvert raises first and then decreases as the backfill height increases. In order to reduce the load on a culvert, it is suggested to limit the stiffness difference of the foundations under the culvert and embankment and to use a light backfill over the culvert.

Frost heave analysis of ballasted track above box culvert and its influence on train vibration

The uneven frost heave of frost-susceptible subgrade soil causes track irregularity,which highly enhances train vibration and affects the comfort and safety of railway transportation.This paper presents a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)analysis for the freezing behavior of railway located above a box culvert.The vertical acceleration of the vehicle,an indicator of riding comfort,is predicted through a vehicle dynamic model.The results reveal that the existence of a box culvert changes the subgrade thermal pattern,leading to a deeper frost penetration depth.The frost heave amount above the box culvert is larger than the adjacent section,resulting in uneven track structure upheave and track irregularity.This frostinduced track irregularity highly affects train vibration.

The Collapse of Culverts-Arch in Several Cities around the World, Technical Arguments for Their Maintenance and a Legal Proposal for Prohibiting Their Construction in Mexico

Construction underground pipes and underground culvertsarch (UCA) in order to transport the flow natural rivers and city’s sewage at the same time, is a practice that should be prohibited by the Mexico National Water Law (NWL). When UCA collapse, it causes severe damage to surrounding infrastructure, public and private property, and puts citizens’ lives at risk. This work presents some examples of UCA collapse incidents in several cities around the world, emphasizes how important preventive maintenance of these structures is, highlights the need to classify risk areas, and stresses the need to formulate norms and civil defense plans as article 83 of the NWL suggests. We also propose an addition to Fraction I, article 100 of the National Water Law, to protect the animal and plant life of its banks and safety of their natural runoff.

Relative Depth Effects on Corrugated Culvert Roughness

Fish passage is important to the overall health of an ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to be able to accurately predict flow conditions within a stream crossing for high and low flow periods. This paper evaluates the effect of relative water depth on the hydraulic roughness of culverts at low discharge. A 21 m long, 0.8 m diameter corrugated steel pipe with 0.068 × 0.013 m annular corrugations was used. For relative depths below 0.5, Manning’s n was found to increase with decreasing relative depth. An equation was developed to predict relative depths below 0.5 within a corrugated steel pipe based on the corrugation height, slope and culvert diameter. While Manning’s equation does perform reasonably well, the percent difference from the measured to predicted water levels warrants the use of an additional prediction method at low flows.

Origin of Erosion and Hydraulic Problems of the San Roque Underground Arched Culvert Channel and Its Relationship with the Maximum Flow Rate and the Maximum Permissible Velocity

This work presents the hydrologic estimations of the hydraulic underground arched culvert channel (UACC) in Sabinal Basin, Chiapas, México and the hydrological problems associated with it, such as the erosion phenomenon and abrasion cavity formation in it. On the other hand, the maximum flows that the UACC could transport were analyzed, concluding that it no longer has the hydraulic capacity to transport the flow rate associated to return periods equal to or greater than five years and that maximum permissible velocity UACC’s bottom is 3 m/s.

Seismic Performance Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts under Near and Far Fault Seismic Ground Motion Records

Studying the critical response characteristics of reinforced concrete box culverts with diverse geometrical configurations under seismic excitations is a necessary step to develop a reasonable design method. In this work, numerical analysis and assessment of reinforced concrete box culverts for seismic loading in addition to standard static loading from dead and live loads is conducted, aiming to highlight the critical difference in the seismic performances between two and three cell box culverts under near and far-fault ground motion. The results show how and where the seismic loading alters the responses of seismic loading of the models including the effect on safety and failure. The geometrical configurations of the culvert combined with the loading scenarios also significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of the seismic responses. The findings of this work shed light on the critical role of the geometrical configurations and shaking event in the seismic responses of reinforced concrete box culverts and this procedure can be applied as seismic assessment method to any culvert shape, size, and material.

Research on 3D visualization design system of hydraulic culvert

The conventional 2D design method of culverts separated from 3D model cannot directly visualize the process of creating and renewal process. This paper explores graphics application framework of Open GL based on MFC, developing the 3D visualization system of hydraulic culvert. This system effectively integrats with building design, structural design and parametric design and image processing technology. The results can be shown by 3D visualization design.

A CAD Process for Box Culvert Structure Design

CAD process for structure design of box culvert is introduced. It follows the traditional way of culvert design. All working conditions of culvert are taken into account. It can generate load diagram, bending moment diagram and bending moment envelope diagram for a single-hole, double-hole or triple-hole box culvert .That is to say, the whole CAD process for the box culvert structure design is realized with the self-developed system. It has been used to accomplish several projects in China and the results are satisfactory.

外业测量影响涵洞功能性要点分析

从外业测量工作广度和深度方面对涵洞位置、涵底标高、洞身布置、洞口建筑、地质钻探等涵洞设计的功能性影响进行分析,以及在外业测量中如何根据现场条件对涵洞进行针对性设计。

闸底长廊道顶缝出水输水系统研究

通过闸底长廊道顶缝输水系统和闸底长廊道侧向短支孔输水系统的对比试验,研究闸底长廊道顶缝出水输水系统的特点,说明闸底长廊道顶缝输水系统具有减小输水系统的阻力系数、缩短输水时间、改善闸室停泊条件、减少闸室悬移质的淤积、简化输水系统的施工难度等优势,并预测了其应用前景,供设计和科研单位参考。

软基底板外伸式涵洞衬砌结构的有限元分析

本文采用填筑土体应力应变非线性双曲线模型 ,提出模拟涵洞施工分层填筑加载过程及填筑土体与衬砌结构联合作用的有限元分析方法 ,得出软基底板外伸式大型涵洞衬砌结构内力及衬砌周边填筑土体压力、开挖基面上边荷载的分布规律 .计算成果已为实际工程设计采用 .

三峡船闸底扩与顶扩体型水力特性综合研究

三峡船闸阀门段廊道体型一直是船闸单项技术设计的焦点。针对底扩与顶扩两种廊道体型，通过多项模型试验，从水力特性、空化及振动特性等方面论证了三峡船闸采用底扩廊道体型的优越性。

板桃隧道出口特大溶洞施工技术研究

板桃隧道是渝怀铁路10大控制工程之一，出口特大溶洞段主要穿越O1m页岩夹砂岩、O2＋3，灰岩、S1L页岩夹砂岩地层。在处理板桃隧道特大溶洞期间，由于爆破扰动造成溶洞内未开挖段大量的塌方，随着溶洞的处理，溶洞顶板的标高发生了很大的变化，该段采用桩基托梁。在线路出口端通过设置施工迂回导坑，保证施工顺利进行；在处理岩溶水方面以疏排为主，采取设置排水竖井、隧底跨线涵洞、引水洞、排水沟及泄水洞等措施，并对整个特大溶洞的施工进行了总结分析，以期为类似工程的设计、施工提供借鉴价值。

船闸单侧闸墙廊道输水系统布置及试验研究

针对草街二线船闸的特殊地形条件,提出了单侧闸墙主廊道闸底横支廊道输水的布置型式。由于该输水系统型式新颖,加之草街二线船闸水头高达26.7 m,有必要通过局部物理模型试验(1∶40)和船闸整体物理模型试验(1∶25),对各横支廊道进口流量分配、输水水力特性、突扩体廊道压力及闸室船舶停泊条件等进行全面系统的研究。试验确定了输水系统各部位的布置型式及尺寸,解决了各横支廊道水流分布不均匀的问题,证实所提出的输水系统布置的合理性,研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。

球墨铸铁在头屯河水库放水涵洞底板抗冲磨加固中的应用

头屯河水库放水涵洞作为水库泄流排沙的主要通道,运行多年,工作闸室和明流段底板磨损非常严重。因此,在其抗冲磨加固实践中采用了一级配C40F200W8钢筋混凝土表面铺装球墨铸铁块作为保护层的技术。实践证明,该技术对放水涵洞底板的抗冲磨起到了一定的作用,球墨铸铁块优异的抗冲磨性能也得到了充分体现,为类似水工建筑物的抗冲磨加固提供一定的参考。