为解决日趋严重的工业控制系统(industrial control system,ICS)信息安全问题,提出一种针对工业控制网络的非参数累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)入侵检测方法.利用ICS输入决定输出的特性,建立ICS的数学模型预测系统的输出,一旦控制系统...为解决日趋严重的工业控制系统(industrial control system,ICS)信息安全问题,提出一种针对工业控制网络的非参数累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)入侵检测方法.利用ICS输入决定输出的特性,建立ICS的数学模型预测系统的输出,一旦控制系统的传感器遭受攻击,实际输出信号将发生改变.在每个时刻,计算工业控制模型的预测输出与传感器测量信号的差值,形成基于时间的统计序列,采用非参数CUSUM算法,实现在线检测入侵并报警.仿真检测实验证明,该方法具有良好的实时性和低误报率.选择适当的非参数CUSUM算法参数τ和β,该入侵检测方法不但能在攻击对控制系统造成实质伤害前检测出攻击,还对监测ICS中的误操作有一定帮助.展开更多
AIM： To use the cumulative sum analysis score（CUSUM） to construct objectively the learning curve of phacoemulsification competency.METHODS： Three second-year residents and an experienced consultant were monitored ...AIM： To use the cumulative sum analysis score（CUSUM） to construct objectively the learning curve of phacoemulsification competency.METHODS： Three second-year residents and an experienced consultant were monitored for a series of 70 phacoemulsification cases each and had their series analysed by CUSUM regarding posterior capsule rupture（PCR） and best-corrected visual acuity. The acceptable rate for PCR was 〈5%（lower limit h） and the unacceptable rate was 〉10%（upper limit h）. The acceptable rate for bestcorrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 was 〈10%（lower limit h） and the unacceptable rate was 〉20%（upper limit h）. The area between lower limit h and upper limit h is called the decision interval. RESULTS： There was no statistically significant difference in the mean age, sex or cataract grades between groups. The first trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 22 nd case. His best-corrected visual acuity CUSUM was in the decision interval from his third case and stayed there until the end, never reaching competency. The second trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 39^ th case. He could reach best-corrected visual acuity CUSUM competency at his 22 ^nd case. The third trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 41 st case. He reached bestcorrected visual acuity CUSUM competency at his 14 ^th case.CONCLUSION： The learning curve of competency in phacoemulsification is constructed by CUSUM and in average took 38 cases for each trainee to achieve it.展开更多
文摘为解决日趋严重的工业控制系统(industrial control system,ICS)信息安全问题,提出一种针对工业控制网络的非参数累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)入侵检测方法.利用ICS输入决定输出的特性,建立ICS的数学模型预测系统的输出,一旦控制系统的传感器遭受攻击,实际输出信号将发生改变.在每个时刻,计算工业控制模型的预测输出与传感器测量信号的差值,形成基于时间的统计序列,采用非参数CUSUM算法,实现在线检测入侵并报警.仿真检测实验证明,该方法具有良好的实时性和低误报率.选择适当的非参数CUSUM算法参数τ和β,该入侵检测方法不但能在攻击对控制系统造成实质伤害前检测出攻击,还对监测ICS中的误操作有一定帮助.
文摘AIM： To use the cumulative sum analysis score（CUSUM） to construct objectively the learning curve of phacoemulsification competency.METHODS： Three second-year residents and an experienced consultant were monitored for a series of 70 phacoemulsification cases each and had their series analysed by CUSUM regarding posterior capsule rupture（PCR） and best-corrected visual acuity. The acceptable rate for PCR was 〈5%（lower limit h） and the unacceptable rate was 〉10%（upper limit h）. The acceptable rate for bestcorrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 was 〈10%（lower limit h） and the unacceptable rate was 〉20%（upper limit h）. The area between lower limit h and upper limit h is called the decision interval. RESULTS： There was no statistically significant difference in the mean age, sex or cataract grades between groups. The first trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 22 nd case. His best-corrected visual acuity CUSUM was in the decision interval from his third case and stayed there until the end, never reaching competency. The second trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 39^ th case. He could reach best-corrected visual acuity CUSUM competency at his 22 ^nd case. The third trainee achieved PCR CUSUM competency at his 41 st case. He reached bestcorrected visual acuity CUSUM competency at his 14 ^th case.CONCLUSION： The learning curve of competency in phacoemulsification is constructed by CUSUM and in average took 38 cases for each trainee to achieve it.
