Study of corrosion behavior of labeling medium on Fe-36%Ni cold-rolled strip used in LNG carriers in high-temperature and high-humidity environment

To fulfill the high-quality surface requirements of the Fe-36% Ni cold-rolled strip used in liquid natural gas carriers,corrosion tests were conducted on alloy surfaces using ink media with different composition in hightemperature and high-humidity conditions.The results show that the Cl^-content in ink is the main cause of surface corrosion of Fe-36%Ni alloy at 95%RH and 50℃ Cl^- penetrates the passivation film,causing pitting on the surface.This corrosive material primarily comprises elements Fe and O.After 120 h of high temperature and high humidity,pitting had occurred on the surface,which was characterized by irregularly distributed areas of bright red filamentous corrosion.With time,the corrosion gradually deepened and expanded to nearby areas.However,when the ink medium contained no Cl^-,no corrosion was found on the alloy surface.As such,during the production of Fe-36%Ni material and its application in LNG shipbuilding,care must be taken in the selection of the marker or medium that will come into contact with the strip surface to ensure that it contains no corrosive ions like Cl^-.

Effects of Extreme Air Temperature and Humidity on the Insecticidal Expression Level of Bt Cotton

The higher survival rates of Helicoverpa amigera larvae were usually observed after adverse climate which was related to extreme temperature （T） and relative humidity （RH） stresses in transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton. The unstable resistance of Bt cotton to bollworms has been correlated with the reduced expression of CrylAc δ-endotoxin. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of combined temperature and relative humidity stresses on the leaf CrylAc insecticidal protein expression during critical developmental stages. The study was undertaken on two transgenic cotton cultivars that share same parental background, Sikang 1 （a conventional cultivar） and Sikang 3 （a hybrid cultivar）, during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons at the Yangzhou University Farm, Yangzhou, China. The study was arranged with two factors that consisted of temperature （two levels） and relative humidity （three levels）. The six T/RH treatments were 37℃/95%, 37℃/70%, 37℃/50%, 18℃/95%, 18℃/70%, and 18℃/50%. In 2007, the six treatments were imposed to the plants at peak flowering stage for 24 h; in 2008, the six treatments were applied to the plants at peak square, peak flowering, and peak boll stages for 48 h. The results of the study indicated that the leaf insecticidal protein expression in CrylAc was significantly affected by extreme temperature only at peak flowering stage, and by both extreme temperature and relative humidity during boll filling stage. The greatest reductions were observed when the stresses were applied at peak boll stage. In 2008, after 48 h stress treatment, the leaf Bt endotoxin expression reduced by 25.9-36.7 and 23.6-40.5% at peak boll stage, but only by 14.9-26.5 and 12.8-24.0% at peak flowering stage for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3, respectively. The greatest reduction was found under the low temperature combined with low relative humidity condition for both years. It is believed that the temperature and relative humidity stresses may be attributed to the reduced efficacy of Bt cotton in growing conditions in China, where extreme temperatures often increase up to 35-40℃ and/or decrease down to 15-20℃, and relative humidity may reach to 85-95% and/or reduce to 40-55% during the cotton growing season.

Impact of Relative Humidity of Supply Gas on Temperature Distributions in Single Cell of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell When Operated at High Temperature

For improving the performance of stationary PEFC （polymer electrolyte fuel cell） system, the cell operating temperature up to 90℃ will be preferred in Japan during the period from 2020 to 2030. To understand the operation of the PEFC system under relatively high temperature conditions, detail heat and mass transfer analysis is required. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of relative humidity of supply gas on temperature distribution on the backside of separator in single ceil of PEFC using Nation membrane at higher temperature e.g. 90℃. The in-plane temperature distribution when power was being generated was measured using thermograph with various relative humidity of supply gases. It was found that the in-plane temperature distribution at the anode was more even than that at the cathode irrespective of the relative humidity of supply gas at the anode and the cathode. The temperature elevated along gas flow through the gas channel at the cathode irrespective of relative humidity of supply gas at the anode and the cathode. The in-plane temperature distribution at the cathode was narrower with the increase in Tini irrespective of relative humidity of supply gas at the cathode, while it was not observed when changing the relative humidity of supply gas at the anode. When the relative humidity of supply gas at cathode decreased, the in-plane temperature distribution at the anode was wider compared to decreasing the relative humidity of supply gas at the anode. The study concluded that the impact of relative humidity of supply gas at both anode and cathode had little impact on the in-plane temperature distribution at the cathode.

Effects of high temperature and high relative humidity drying on moisture distribution,starch microstructure and cooking characteristics of extruded whole buckwheat noodles

Drying is a key step in starch noodle production.The effects of high temperature(60,70,80°C)and high relative humidity(65%,75%,85%)drying(HTHD)on the moisture distribution,starch microstructure and cooking characteristics of extruded whole buckwheat noodles were investigated.Compared to the conventional hot-air drying(CHAD)at 40°C,the increase in drying temperature(60–80°C)and the decrease in relative humidity(85%–65%)significantly improved drying efficiency of the extruded noodles.By adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity,the rate of moisture migration in noodles and phase transition of starch could be appropriately controlled.The optimum drying parameters(T70H75,70°C drying temperature and 75%relative humidity)showed smooth and dense network structure,resulting in the lowest cooking loss(6.61%),broken rate(0%),highest hardness(1695.17 g)and springiness(0.92).However,the total flavonoid content(TFC)and the total phenolic content(TPC)reduced by 6.81%–28.50%and 7.19%–53.23%in contrast to CHAD,and the color of buckwheat noodles became darker through HTHD.These findings showed the potential of HTHD for increasing drying efficiency and improving buckwheat noodle quality.The appropriate drying parameters could maintain a balanced relationship between moisture migration in noodles and phase transition of starch,which resulted in better cooking quality for extruded whole buckwheat noodles.Such a study is valuable for regulating the process conditions of buckwheat-based foods and promoting its commercial utilization.

Effect of curing humidity on performance of cemented paste backfill

Cemented paste backfill(CPB),a mixture of tailings,binder,and water,is widely and extensively used for the recovery of mineral resources,the prevention of ground subsidence,and the management of mine waste.When installed,the CPB is subjected to complex environmental conditions such as water content,temperature,and power,which have a significant impact on its efficiency.Thus,this study conducts a series of laboratory programs,including investigation of moisture,temperature,stress–strain relation,and microstructure to show the effect of curing humidity on the CPB behaviors.The results obtained indicate that ambient humidity can have a dramatic effect on CPB in terms of its macro performance of internal relative humidity,temperature and strength,as well as the micro expression.Typical examples of these effects on CPB include an increase in curing humidity,which favors binder hydration,and then an increase in hydration materials,temperature and peak stress in the CPB.The results obtained will lead to a better understanding of CPB’s responses to various environmental conditions.

Effect of CO_(2) Curing on the Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate with Different Attached Mortar Contents

The effects of carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) curing conditions (temperature,relative humidity and CO_(2) curing time) on the physical properties of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with varying attached mortar (AM) contents were studied.Before and after CO_(2) curing,the physical properties in terms of the apparent density,water absorption and crushing value of RCA were tested and the quality of RCA was determined.Besides,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of RCA.Results show that the physical properties variation of RCA with higher AM content are more significant,and the quality of RCA with lower AM content is easier to be upgraded during CO_(2) curing.The physical properties of RCA with 40.8% AM content are earlier stable than that with no less than 44.5% AM content during CO_(2) curing.The optimal temperature and relative humidity are 50 ℃ and 55% for CO_(2) curing,respectively.CO_(2) curing is incapable of upgrading the quality of RCA with AM no less than 50.6%.The quality of RCA with 44.5% AM content can be upgraded only under the optimum CO_(2) curing conditions.Under relative humidity higher than 40% and the CO_(2) curing time more than 12 h,CO_(2) curing upgrades the quality of RCA with 40.8% AM content.

Effect of Curing Treatments on Seven Key Farmers’ Yams (<i>Dioscorea</i>spp.) in Ghana

Curing of freshly harvested yams (Dioscorea spp.) is a process for wounded yams during harvest to heal. In this work the effectiveness of straw, polypropylene and jute sack on curing of seven key farmers’ yam varieties over a duration of 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. Seven key farmers’ yam varieties identified as Pona, Lariboko, Dente, Mutwumudoo, Serwah belonging to D. rotundata, Matches and Akaba belonging to D. alata were studied under different curing treatments. The percentage weight loss of yam tubers varied among the treatments over curing period. Curing under jute sack showed all yam varieties had weight losses less than 2.0%, within 7 days of curing. Five different varieties had weight loss less than 2.0% except Dente under the straw treatment. Mutwumudoo variety showed the highest water loss (8.4%) for polypropylene sheet and 6.9% for Lariboko in the control treatment. During 7 days curing the control and polypropylene treatment did not support yam curing. After 14 days of curing of tubers, similar tends were observed as in 7 days curing. After 14 days of curing under jute sack, percentage weight loss of the tubers ranges from 2.0% - 3.7%. In the straw treatment, the percentage weight loss ranges between 1.0% - 4.7% in all other varieties except Dente (D. rotundata) (8.2%). Polypropylene sheet treatment showed the highest percentage weight loss in Mutwumudoo variety (18.4%). A similar trend was observed for the yam tubers cured for 21days as percentage weight loss of tubers under jute sacks was 2.5 – 9.8%. Curing temperature and humidity ranged between 27&degC - 40&degC and 87% - 100% rh for yam tubers under the three different treatments of polypropylene, jute and straw. However, the control treatment recorded lower humidity of 60% - 80% rh. Curing material, duration, climatic conditions and yam varieties influenced curing and Serwah variety, which is a D. rotundata is the best bet yam variety to cure under jute sack for 7, 14 and 21 days of curing.

Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distributions in Single Cell of PEFC by Heat Transfer Model Considering Vapor Transfer

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell(PEFC)is required to be operated at temperature at 100℃ for fuel cell vehicle applications during the period from 2020 to 2025 in Japan.It is expected that micro porous layer(MPL)and thinner polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)would enhance the power generation performance of PEFC at this temperature.The key objective of this study is to analyse the impact of MPL and thickness of PEM on the temperature distributions of interface between the PEM and catalyst layer at the cathode(i.e.,the reaction surface)in a single PEFC.A 1D multi-plate heat transfer model,considering vapor transfer,which is based on temperature data of separator measured using thermograph in power generation process.It is developed to evaluate temperature at the reaction surface.This study is investigated the effect of flow rate and relative humidity of supply gases on temperature distribution on reaction surface.The study reveals that the impact of flow rate of supply gas on temperature distribution on reaction surface is smaller with and without MPL.It is observed that the even temperature distribution on reaction surface as well as higher power generation performance can be obtained with MPL irrespective of thickness of PEM and relative humidity conditions.

燃氢燃机高温高湿透平耦合传热和冷却特性

分析了燃氢燃机透平在导热/对流/辐射耦合作用下的流动传热和冷却特性,发展了能够计算高H_(2)O与CO_(2)分压比的灰气体加权和(WSGG)模型。结果表明:燃氢燃机工质中水蒸气含量增大导致金属壁面温度升高;加入辐射的影响后,H_(2)O和CO_(2)含量对传热的影响呈相反的结果,这主要是由于CO_(2)的对流传热能力强于H_(2)O,而H_(2)O的辐射能力强于CO_(2);在对流、导热、辐射3种传热方式都存在的燃氢透平冷却耦合系统中,气膜冷却的速度场几乎不受影响,而温度场则深受耦合及辐射的影响,所定义的耦合条件下气膜冷却效率能够表征燃氢条件下气膜的冷却性能,因此在燃氢燃机透平冷却的设计中,燃氢导致的热负荷恶化需纳入设计变量中。

某锂矿低温熟化—水浸提锂和提纯高纯石英新工艺

皖南低品位热液蚀变型锂矿Li_(2)O含量0.21%,属于新类型锂矿资源,主要矿物成分有长石、石英、白云母、绿泥石,锂主要以晶格形式赋存于锂绿泥石中。新工艺采用-1 mm原矿筛分,+0.425 mm粒级进入磨矿,制备-0.425+0.074 mm合格粒级。脱泥后合格粒级产品经磁选得云母精矿,非磁性物浮选得到长石精矿和石英精矿,长石精矿和云母精矿分别进行提锂,石英精矿进行酸处理提纯得高纯石英。将原矿筛出的-0.074 mm细泥、再磨产生的-0.074 mm细泥、合格粒级搅拌擦洗产生的-0.074 mm细泥,合并为总泥进行后续提锂。试验结果表明:总泥、云母、长石分别采用低温熟化—水浸工艺提锂,累计得Li_(2)O浸出率88.78%,酸浸后石英精矿含SiO_(2)99.942%,Fe 4.38 mg/kg,达到高纯石英低端产品要求,提锂后的长石和云母浸渣产率54.48%,可用于建筑材料。浸出前后样品的XRD和SEM分析表明,硫酸低温熟化破坏了锂绿泥石晶格结构,H+代替锂绿泥石中Li+,将锂释放出来。新工艺降低了磨矿成本,锂浸出率高,兼顾云母、石英、长石的回收,减少了尾矿排放,提高了低品位热液蚀变型锂矿的综合利用水平。

高温高湿隧道工人劳动强度和劳动时间研究

当隧道穿越高温热泉断层破碎带时,施工人员将面临高温高湿环境,而钻爆法隧道施工工序复杂,劳动强度大,高湿环境对隧道人员的影响巨大。为保障隧道施工人员的安全健康,本文基于能量代谢率变化规律得到高温高湿环境隧道施工人员劳动强度修正等级和人体预测热应激修正模型,给出了高温高湿环境下隧道施工人员安全连续劳动时间建议,并在高温隧道进行了现场测试。结果表明:当温度大于30℃,湿度大于70%时,温度每增加4℃,或相对湿度每上升10%,隧道施工人员劳动强度等级约增加一级;当温度超过38℃,相对湿度大于90%或温度超过40℃,相对湿度大于70%时,所施工人员均应停止作业,现场测试结果表明人体热应激修正模型误差小于5%。

基于神经网络的南方夏季蛋鸡舍环境与产蛋性能关系模型研究

为了解决南方地区夏季高温高湿蛋鸡舍环境质量难以精准评价与调控的问题,试验构建了基于神经网络的南方夏季蛋鸡舍环境与产蛋性能关系模型,将采集的蛋鸡舍多环境因子数据作为输入,将依据产蛋率划分的环境质量等级作为输出,对反向传播(BP)神经网络、径向基(RBF)神经网络和广义回归(GRNN)神经网络三种神经网络进行训练验证,得到蛋鸡舍环境质量初步评价结果,然后将归一化后神经网络组的输出作为改进D-S证据理论基本概率分配的输入,利用改进的D-S证据理论方法,融合计算得到蛋鸡舍环境质量的综合评价结果。结果表明:在神经网络初级融合评价有冲突的情况下,改进的D-S证据理论法对蛋鸡舍环境状态为差的支持率为0.796 4,而传统D-S证据理论方法、Murphy方法和邓勇方法对蛋鸡舍环境状态为差的支持率分别为0.698 7,0.687 8,0.694 0。说明试验构建的综合评价模型对蛋鸡舍环境的融合评价精度和准确率更高,可以有效解决融合决策失误问题,可用于南方夏季高温高湿蛋鸡舍环境的精准调控。

高温蒸汽养护复掺混凝土力学性能时变特性与模型研究

为研究高温蒸汽养护下粉煤灰-矿粉机制砂混凝土(简称复掺混凝土)力学性能时变特性与模型,本文结合某高速公路高温蒸汽养护复掺混凝土预制梁项目,设计了蒸汽-标准养护、蒸汽-自然养护和标准养护三种养护方式,测试了不同阶段复掺混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量,探究了抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量的关系。结果表明:合适的蒸汽养护方式能促进复掺混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量更快增长,其中对抗压强度形成作用最显著,后期的力学性能不倒缩;蒸汽养护恒温阶段复掺混凝土的力学性能具有最大的增长率,其次是升温阶段,降温阶段力学性能增长率最小;蒸汽-标准养护方式下复掺混凝土的抗压强度时变模型可取对数或对数与幂函数复合函数,劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量时变模型可取幂函数。

常温养护超高性能混凝土弯拉性能及轴拉本构模型

根据水化反应方程和紧密堆积理论确定了常温养护下超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的基础配合比,基于此考虑水胶比和钢纤维掺量设计了8组UHPC抗弯试件。通过四点弯曲试验,分析了试件的受弯破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、弯拉特征参数和弯曲韧性等;基于试验结果采用倒推方法得到了UHPC轴拉应力-应变曲线,采用回归分析提出了考虑纤维特征的轴拉本构模型,并经过材料和构件两个层次的验证。结果表明:掺加钢纤维可抑制主裂缝的发展,从而明显改善UHPC的抗弯韧性,钢纤维掺量为2.0%的UHPC弯曲韧性指数达到116.9 J;随着水胶比增大,试件抗折强度和峰值挠度均呈下降趋势;增大钢纤维掺量明显提升了试件弯曲性能,掺入2.0%钢纤维的UHPC与未掺纤维相比,其初裂挠度和抗折强度分别提升157.14%和148.63%;当纤维含量为1.5%~2.0%时,试件具有良好的弯拉性能;水胶比对曲线平台段趋势影响不大,纤维掺量大于1.0%时曲线具有较明显的应变硬化特征,可保证UHPC良好的抗拉性能,其应变硬化特征随着纤维掺量增大而变得更明显;所提模型对UHPC受拉应力-应变关系具有较好的预测性。

高温高湿环境下军事训练致新兵横纹肌溶解及相关脏器损伤的研究

目的通过比较不同训练环境对新兵实验室检测指标及心电图的影响,探讨新兵在高温高湿环境下出现横纹肌溶解和相关脏器损伤的可能性。方法选择两地新兵500名,均为男性,年龄(21.36±2.59)岁,按新兵所在环境分为常规环境组(北京某部,n=250)和高温高湿环境组(海南某部,n=250)。进行相同科目训练后4周,采集新兵的一般情况、训练前后血液及尿液学指标、心电图检查相关指标,并进行统计学分析。结果高温高湿环境组炎症反应、心肌损伤、肌肉损伤、肝损伤、肾损伤的发生率分别为45.76%、3.39%、12.71%、25.42%、12.71%,较常规环境组显著增加(P<0.05)。高温高湿环境组新兵窦性心动过缓、房性早搏、非特异ST-T变化、左室高电压、短PR间期的发生率分别为6.78%、5.93%、8.47%、6.78%、2.54%,显著高于常规环境组(P<0.05)。结论高温高湿环境下新兵军事训练后更易出现炎性反应、心肌损伤、肌肉损伤、肝损伤、肾损伤以及心电异常。

箱式烘烤烟叶化学成分变化与温湿度耦合分析

为研究箱式烘烤过程中烤烟质量形成和温湿度场的时空耦合关系,采用传感器实时监测烤房不同位点的温湿度,构建温、湿度场云图,分析主要化学成分变化,并基于层次分析法对烤后烟叶质量进行综合评价,揭示箱式烘烤过程中温、湿度场与箱体内烤烟质量形成的关系。结果表明,箱体内不同层面的温度分布呈现下层温度最高,中层次之,上层最低。随着烘烤进程的推进,箱体内部各层面高温区的分布模式呈现从四周向中心聚集的趋势;箱体内不同层面湿空气由箱体中层向箱体上层移动,从定色前期至干筋期,在箱体内上层面逐渐形成相对高湿环境,箱体内同一层面湿空气的分布遵循中心高四周低的规律。箱式烘烤过程中,箱体下层较中、上层温度高且湿度偏低,淀粉降解量大,烘烤结束时烟叶淀粉含量降为3.88%;总糖和还原糖含量显著低于其他层面;蛋白质降解速率快;总氮含量总体变化平缓;香气物质积累量大,为1 308μg/g。箱式烘烤箱体内不同层面烟叶烤后质量评价结果显示,下层烤烟综合评分为0.817,中层烤烟为0.765,上层烤烟为0.721,箱体下层的烤后烟叶质量最优。以上结果表明,位于箱体下层烟叶环境温度高、相对湿度低,其淀粉降解量大,香气物质及总糖和还原糖转化积累量高,烤后烟品质优。

高温高湿条件环己烷泄漏率法可行性研究

核设施通常采用碘吸附器净化放射性气态碘,环己烷泄漏率法可用于测试碘吸附器的泄漏率,但是高温、高湿的气流条件会造成环己烷气体在活性炭中过早解吸,可能导致无法辨别机械泄漏与解吸穿透,使得泄漏率试验失效。本试验采用环己烷气体动态解吸法测定了在气流温度为75℃、80℃、85℃,气流相对湿度为85%、90%、95%条件下,环己烷气体在与碘吸附器炭层等厚的活性炭试验床中的解吸穿透时间。结果表明,随着气流温度与湿度的上升,环己烷气体在活性炭床中的停留时段缩短,在最高试验温度(85℃)及试验气体相对湿度(95%)条件下,环己烷气体从活性炭床中的解吸穿透时间远大于工程实践中机械泄漏的判定时间。通过开展机械泄漏模拟试验,在试验炭床上分别设置多孔径泄漏点,测试了高温、高湿试验对应的气流条件下活性炭床的泄漏率。结果表明,高温高湿条件下,环己烷泄漏率法测试机械泄漏的灵敏度高,响应性好,具备用于碘吸附器的泄漏率测试的可行性。

Low-temperature combined with high-humidity thawing improves the water-holding capacity and biochemical properties of Portunus trituberculatus protein

This study compared the effects of conventional thawing methods(water immersion thawing(WIT,(25±1)℃),natural air thawing(AT,(25±1)℃,relative humidity(RH(65±2)per cent),refrigerator thawing(RT,4℃,RH(80±2)per cent)and low-temperature(LT)combined with high-humidity thawing LT,-1℃to 1℃(LT-1-1),2-4℃(LT2-4),5-7℃(LT5-7)and 8-10℃(LT8-10),RH>95 per cent)on the water-holding capacity,lipid oxidation and biochemical properties of Portunus trituberculatus(P.trituberculatus)myofibrillar protein.The results showed that WIT and AT significantly decreased the water-holding capacity while dramatically increasing lipid oxidation,protein oxidation and degeneration,resulting in serious P.trituberculatus quality deterioration.High humidity was beneficial for P.trituberculatus\.ha\A/\ng.The thawing time of P.trituberculatus under the conditions of LT2-4 was only 39.39 per cent of that of conventional air thawing at 4℃(RT),and the LT2-4 samples not only maintained better water-holding capacity but also had an obviously reduced degree of lipid oxidation,protein oxidation and denaturation.Thawed samples LT2-4 and LT5-7 provided better maintenance of P.trituberculatus quality than the LT-1-1 and LT8-10 samples.The best quality was exhibited after thawing at 2-4℃.The levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances,carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity observably decreased in these samples,while the total sulfhydryl contents dramatically increased compared to those of conventionally thawed samples,indicating lower lipid oxidation and protein oxidation.Moreover,the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the sample thawed at 2-4℃(2.06 μmol Pi/mg prot/h)was markedly higher than that of samples subjected to WIT and AT.The product qualities observed after thawing at-1℃to 1℃,5-7℃and 8-10℃under LT were comparable to that observed by RT.Considering its thawing efficiency and product quality,LT is a suitable method for the thawing of P.trituberculatus,and the ideal thawing conditions were LT at 2-4℃.

毛椰子果不同温湿度贮藏条件下的品质变化

该研究采用三种不同温湿度贮藏条件对毛椰子果的品质变化进行分析。结果表明在25℃/70%贮藏条件下毛椰子果贮藏8 w后椰肉品质仍可接受,部分变质(坏果率24.07%),但部分出现无椰子水、椰肉干瘪现象;在35℃/80%条件下贮藏5 w后变质果已较多(坏果率59.26%);在45℃/90%条件下贮藏4 w后全部变质(坏果率100%)。变质后椰肉内表面出现变色、变软等现象。随着贮藏温湿度和贮藏时间的增加,毛椰子果的失重率明显增加,最高达到35.98%;椰肉油脂酸价也不断升高(由0.09 mg/g升至0.30 mg/g),变质果达到0.44 mg/g;总脂肪酸、饱和与不饱和脂肪酸都降低,总脂肪酸含量由733.66 mg/g最低降至25℃/70%贮藏8 w后的496.14 mg/g,变质果降低的更严重(200.08 mg/g)。随着贮藏时间的增加,椰子水可溶性固形物含量增加(由3.70°Brix增至7.00°Brix)。变质后pH值降低(低至4.22)、浑浊度增加(高达0.74)。综上所述,不同温湿度贮藏条件使毛椰子果品质发生了较大变化,该研究为毛椰子果贮藏过程中品质控制及变质果的筛选提供了一定的理论基础。

低压静电场协同低温高湿解冻对牛肉嫩度和持水性的影响

为探究低压静电场协同低温高湿解冻对牛肉嫩度和持水性的影响,本研究以牛背最长肌为试验材料,分析了低压静电场解冻(电压2500 V,温度4℃,相对湿度50%)、低温高湿解冻(温度4℃,相对湿度98%)、低压静电场协同低温高湿解冻(电压2500 V,温度4℃,相对湿度98%)与低温解冻(温度4℃,相对湿度50%)四种解冻方式对冷冻牛肉剪切力、质构、水分分布、水分含量、持水性、感官评价的影响。结果表明:低压静电场协同低温高湿解冻的解冻时间最短(804 min),其中解冻损失(2.06%)、蒸煮损失(26.09%)与离心损失(15.00%)显著低于其余三种解冻方式(P<0.05),垂直肌纤维剪切力值(95.46 N)和平行肌纤维剪切力值(41.69 N)最低,自由水含量最低,水分迁移较少,水分含量(68.31%)最高,嫩度品质最优,该解冻方式样品的组织状态、气味、弹性及色泽均最优(总体可接受度最高);综上,低压静电场协同低温高湿解冻加快了牛肉解冻速率、减少了汁液流失,改善了牛肉持水性和嫩度,品质最佳。本研究结果将为低压静电场协同低温高湿解冻技术在冷冻牛肉解冻的产业应用提供理论依据。