Effects of counter-current driven by electron cyclotron waves on neoclassical tearing mode suppression

Through theoretical analysis,we construct a physical model that includes the influence of counter-external driven current opposite to the plasma current direction in the neoclassical tearing mode(NTM).The equation is used with this model to obtain the modified Rutherford equation with co-current and counter-current contributions.Consistent with the reported experimental results,numerical simulations have shown that the localized counter external current can only partially suppress NTM when it is far from the resonant magnetic surface.Under some circumstances,the Ohkawa mechanism dominated current drive(OKCD)by electron cyclotron waves can concurrently create both co-current and counter-current.In this instance,the minimal electron cyclotron wave power that suppresses a particular NTM was calculated by the Rutherford equation.The result is marginally less than when taking co-current alone into consideration.As a result,to suppress NTM using OKCD,one only needs to align the co-current with a greater OKCD peak well with the resonant magnetic surface.The effect of its lower counter-current does not need to be considered because the location of the counter-current deviates greatly from the resonant magnetic surface.

基于EMD-PSO-BP模型的短期潮流流速预测

针对潮流流速的随机性和波动性,本研究基于经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法,改进了反向传播(Back propagation,BP)神经网络的短期潮流流速预测模型。该模型首先对原始流速序列进行EMD分解,得到多个本征模函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)和残差。然后,利用PSO改进BP神经网络,对分解所得的IMF和残差分别进行预测。最后,将各个预测结果相结合,得出流速的最终预测结果,从而提高潮流流速的预测精度。本文以江苏省潮流流速为例,分别建立BP、PSO-BP、EMD-BP以及EMD-PSO-BP四类预测模型,以对潮流流速进行预测和对比分析。结果表明,相较于其他模型,EMD-PSO-BP预测模型在潮流流速的预测方面具有更高的精度,为潮流能开发提供重要的数据支撑。

CURRENT MODE CIRCUIT SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS WITH MATH-EMATICA

A practical method of current mode circuit symbolic analysis using Mathematica is proposed. With the powerful symbolic manipulation capacity of Mathematica, current mode circuit symbolic analysis can be significantly simplified. The active devices are modelled by nullors. The examples of current mode filters using CCIIs are presented.

An Improved High Resolution Current-Mode Sorter

An improved high-resolution current-mode sorter is presented.Its structure complexity is O(N),which is crucial to the expansion of its size,and its dynamic range is large.Only one clock signal and one reset signal are needed.No biasing signal is required.The operation point is constructed according to the input current,so it is self-adaptive,which is very important for an all-purpose component.In average value circuit,subtraction circuit,Winner-Take-All(WTA) circuit and control circuit,it has good performance even at a large input current.This sorter has high precision,high resolution and low power,as has been proved via HSPICE simulation.It can be implemented in the standard digital CMOS technology and widely used in many fields,so it is of great value in applications.

地铁杂散电流干扰变压器多场传播模-态分析

针对城市地铁杂散电流干扰临近电网接地变压器出现的偏磁异常,基于电磁-机械-声耦合原理,提出变压器多场干扰传播时域模-态数学模型。仿真不同场景下变压器多元时空信息,建立多元干扰传播特征信息库。分析典型场景中杂散电流对磁通、电磁力、振动及噪声等传播特征的影响,归纳物理特征信息的耦合关联规律,对比杂散电流时变分量与直流分量的干扰差异。结果表明,杂散电流时变分量对变压器的干扰与直流分量情况类似,但时变分量导致多场参数变化具有更加复杂的时序波动性。搭建动模实验平台,测量不同干扰下变压器的电流、振动及噪声数据,并与仿真结果对比,验证该文模型与结论的正确性和有效性。基于多元特征信息库构建多元模-态空间,划分四类干扰传播域,并形成干扰判据,为城市电网变压器抵御轨道交通杂散电流干扰的安全态势感知与异常辨识提供依据。

基于新扩展移相双有源全桥变换器降压-升压模式下电流应力优化

为降低双有源全桥变换器在降压-升压模式下的电流应力,提出一种基于新扩展移相调制的电流应力优化控制策略.首先,将变压器两端输出高电平电压之间移相量定义为外移相角,再对比分析降压-升压模式下内移相角在变压器不同侧时变换器的工作特性,根据移相角之间的关系划分为3种工作模态,得到电流应力表达式和功率模型.然后,对比分析得到优化工作模式,利用拉格朗日乘数法算法获取电流应力最优的相移组合.最后,搭建实验平台在降压-升压模式下对变换器进行验证,实验结果表明电流应力优化控制策略显著降低变换器在降压-升压模式下的电流应力.

基于R-L分数阶定义的PCCM Boost变换器建模与分析

研究了基于R-L分数阶定义的电感电流伪连续PCCM(pseudo-continuous conduction mode)Boost变换器模型,并由此导出了变换器的状态平均模型,然后推导出升压比,直流静态工作点,电感电流波纹以及输出电压波纹的表达式。结果表明,与基于Caputo分数阶定义下的变换器模型相应表达式比较,R-L分数阶定义下的直流静态工作点和升压比不仅与占空比相关,而且还与电感和电容的阶数有关,输出电压波纹的表达式不仅与分数阶电感的阶数α有关,与分数阶电容的阶数β也相关。电感和电容的阶数对状态变量的直流分量和分数阶PCCM Boost的稳态特性有很大影响。最后,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建了R-L分数阶PCCM Boost变换器数学模型和电路模型,仿真结果显示R-L分数阶PCCM Boost变换器模型的分析结果比其他PCCM Boost模型的分析结果更加稳定,误差更小。

DESIGN OF TERNARY CURRENT-MODE CMOS CIRCUITS BASED ON SWITCH-SIGNAL THEORY

By applying switch-signal theory, the interaction between MOS transmission switch-ing transistor and current signal in current-mode CMOS circuits is analyzed, and the theory oftransmission current-switches which is suitable to current-mode CMOS circuits is proposed. Thecircuits, such as ternary full-adder etc., designed by using this theory have simpler circuit struc-tures and correct logic functions. It is confirmed that this theory is efficient in guiding the logicdesign of current-mode CMOS circuits at switch level.

Five New MVL Current Mode Differential Absolute Value Circuits Based on Carbon Nano-tube Field Effect Transistors(CNTFETs)

Carbon Nano-Tube Field Effect Transistors(CNTFETs) are being widely studied as possible successors to silicon MOSFETs.Using current mode has many advantages such as performing sum operation by means of a simple wired connection.Also,direction of the current can be used to exhibit the sign of digits.It is expected that the advantages of current mode approaches will become even more important with increased speed requirements and decreased supply voltage.In this paper,we present five new circuit designs for differential absolute value in current mode logic which have been simulated by CNTFET model.The considered base current for this model is 2 μA and supply voltage is 0.9 V.In all of our designs we used N-type CNTFET current mirrors which operate as truncated difference circuits.The operation of Differential Absolute Value circuit calculates the difference between two input currents and our circuit designs are operate in 8 logic levels.

IF-ZVVCD与SMO的PMSM无位置传感器全速域复合控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)全速域无位置传感器控制中,零低速阶段的高频注入法会引起转矩脉动、噪声等问题,提出一种IF控制结合零电压矢量电流微分法(ZVVCD)实现电机零低速运行,并与改进滑模观测器法复合达到全速域无位置传感器控制目标。在零低速阶段,IF控制法启动电机并在低速切换为ZVVCD,减小转速波动,提高控制精度;在中高速阶段,利用连续光滑的Sigmoid函数及扩展卡尔曼滤波器改进滑模观测器,减少系统抖振,提高转速稳定性;在转速过渡阶段,设计斜率可调的加权切换函数实现零低速与中高速控制方法的平滑切换。实验结果表明:所提复合控制策略能够实现PMSM全速域无位置传感器控制,消除转矩脉动,转子转速与位置信息辨识准确,系统动态响应快、稳态性能好。

Universal Current-Mode Biquad Filter Using a VDTA

This paper presents a new current-mode single input multi output (SIMO) type biquad employing one voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), two grounded capacitors and a single grounded resistor. The configuration realizes all basic filter functions (i.e. Low Pass (LP), High Pass (HP), Band Pass (BP), Notch (BR) and All Pass (AP)). The natural frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) are independently tunable. The workability of proposed configuration has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

Use of Double Differential-mode Current Injection Method Equivalent to High Level Illumination for Susceptibility Testing

To achieve the electric field strength and the induced currents in equivalence in susceptibility tests with the high-level field radiation above 400 MHz,a double differential-mode(DM) current injection method based on directional couplers is proposed.Two cascaded symmetrical directional couplers compose a coupling device to inject the DM currents.When the coupling device is used,two devices are necessary to achieve the equivalence between radiation and injection,i.e.the equivalence between the injected voltages and the field strength,which is linear,regardless of the characteristics of the equipment under test(EUT).The results are verified by experiments using typical coaxial cables and nonlinear devices,where the equivalence between the nonlinear EUT responses induced by radiation and injection at both ends is achieved by using two coupling devices.At a frequency up to 1.75 GHz,the maximal experimental error is only 3.39%.The experimental results confirm the accuracy of the proposed method even both the EUTs work in the nonlinear region.The proposed method is applicable for radiated susceptibility(RS) testing of interconnected systems in the microwave frequency band.

Single-mode low threshold current multi-hole vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

A multi-hole vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser （VCSEL） operating in stable single mode with a low threshold current was produced by introducing multi-leaf scallop holes on the top distributed Bragg-refleetor of an oxidation- confined 850 nm VCSEL. The single-mode output power of 2.6 mW, threshold current of 0.6 mA, full width of half maximum lasing spectrum of less than 0.1 nm, side mode suppression ratio of 28.4 dB, and far-field divergence angle of about 10% are obtained. The effects of different hole depths on the optical characteristics are simulated and analysed, including far-field divergence, spectrum and lateral cavity mode. The single-mode performance of this multi-hole device is attributed to the large radiation loss from the inter hole spacing and the scattering loss at the bottom of the holes, particularly for higher order modes.

A State Variable Method for the Realization of Universal Current-Mode Biquads

A state variable method of converting single-resistance-controlled- oscillators (SRCO), into universal current-mode biquad (offering realizations of all the five standard filter functions namely, low pass, band pass, high pass, notch and all pass) has been highlighted. The workability of the exemplary implementation of the derived current-mode universal biquad has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulation results based upon 0.35 μ m technology. It is expected that the proposed method can be applied to other SRCOs to generate other multifunction filter structures.

A Synthesis of Electronically Controllable Current-Mode PI, PD and PID Controllers Employing CCCDBAs

This paper presents a synthesis of current-mode PI, PD and PID controllers employing current controlled current differential buffer amplifiers (CCCDBAs). The features of these controllers are that: the output parameters can be electronically/independently controlled by adjusting corresponding bias currents in the proportional, integral, and deviation controllers;circuit description of the PID controller is simply formulated, it consists of four CCCDBAs cooperating with two grounded capacitors, and PI and PD controllers are composed of three CCCCDBAs and a grounded capacitor. Without any external resistor, the proposed circuits are very suitable to develop into integrated circuit architecture. The given results from the PSpice simulation agree well with the theoretical anticipation. The approximate power consumption in a closed loop control system consisting of the PI, PD and PID controller with low-pass filter passive plant are 4.03 mW, 4.85 mW and 5.71 mW, respectively, at ±1.5 V power supply voltages.

Electronically Controllable Fully-Uncoupled Explicit Current-Mode Quadrature Oscillator Using VDTAs and Grounded Capacitors

An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configuration employs two VDTAs along with grounded capacitors and offers the following advantageous features 1) fully and electronically independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) explicit current-mode quadrature oscillations;and 3) low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

Single MO-CCCCTA-Based Electronically Tunable Current/Trans-Impedance-Mode Biquad Universal Filter

This paper presents an electronically tunable current/trans-impedance-mode biquad universal filter employing only single multi-output current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter realizes all the standard filter func-tions i.e. low pass (LP), band pass (BP) and high pass (HP), notch and all pass (AP) filters in the current form at high impedance output through appropriate selection of the input signals, without any matching conditions. Simultaneously, it can also realize all the standard filter functions in trans-impedance form from the same circuit topology. The circuit does not require inverting-type input current signal(s) and double input current signal(s) to realize all the responses in the design. The validity of proposed filter is verified through PSPICE simulations.

An Improved Non-isolated LED Converter with Power Factor Correction and Average Current Mode Control

A new type of high power LED drivers is proposed by adopting an improved two-stages non-isolated configuration. In order to improve power factor and achieve accurate average current control under universal input voltages ranging from 100 Vrms to 240 Vrms, the power factor correction and average current mode control methods operating in continuous current conduction mode are designed and implemented. With the LUMILEDS emitter type LEDs, a laboratory prototype is built and measured. And from the measured results, it could be concluded that the proposed driver has many better performances such as high power factor, low current harmonic, accurate average current control and switch protection.

Research on the Equivalence Between Double Differential- mode Current Injection and Radiation Test Method

There are the application scope limits for single differential-mode current injection test method, so in order to carry out injection susceptibility test for two-pieces equipment interconnected with both ends of a cable simultaneously, a double differential-mode current in- jection test method (DDMCI) is proposed. The method adopted the equivalence source wave theorem and Baum-Liu-Tesche(BLT) equation as its theory foundation. The equivalent corresponding relation between injection voltage and radiation electric field intensity is derived, and the phase relation between the two injection voltage sources is confirmed. The results indicate that the amplitude and phase of the equivalent injection voltage source is closely related to the S parameter of directional coupling device, the transmission line length, and the source vector in BLT equation, but has nothing to do with the reflection coefficient between the two equipment pieces. Therefore, by choosing the right amplitude and phase of the double injection voltage sources, the DDMCI test is equivalent to the radiation test for two interconnected equipment of a system.

Voltage/Current-Mode Multifunction Filters Using One Current Feedback Amplifier and Grounded Capacitors

One configuration for realizing voltage-mode multifunction filters and another configuration for realizing current-mode multifunction filters using current feedback amplifiers (CFAs) are presented. The proposed voltage-mode circuit exhibit simultaneously lowpass and bandpass filters. The proposed current-mode circuit exhibit simultaneously lowpass, bandpass and highpass filters. The proposed circuits offer the following features: no requirements for component matching conditions;low active and passive sensitivities;employing only grounded capacitors and the ability to obtain multifunction filters from the same circuit configuration.