Fault tolerant control of electric pitch control system based on single current detection

In view of the current sensors failure in electric pitch system,a variable universe fuzzy fault tolerant control method of electric pitch control system based on single current detection is proposed.When there is single or two-current sensor fault occurs,based on the proposed method the missing current information can be reconstructed by using direct current（DC）bus current sensor and the three-phase current can be updated in time within any two adjacent sampling periods,so as to ensure stability of the closed-loop system.And then the switchover and fault tolerant control of fault current sensor would be accomplished by fault diagnosis method based on adaptive threshold judgment.For the reconstructed signal error caused by the modulation method and the main control target of electric pitch system,a variable universe fuzzy control method is used in the speed loop,which can improve the anti-disturbance ability to load variation,and the robustness of fault tolerance system.The results show that the fault tolerant control method makes the variable pitch control system still has ideal control characteristics in case of sensor failure although part of the system performance is lost,thus the correctness of the proposed method is verified.

Current Polarity Detection and Current Compensation Strategy for PAC Based Three-Phase ZVS PWM Converter

A novel software implementation for current polarity detection and current compensation is presented. For a three-phase zero-voltage soft-switching （ZVS） PWM converter based on phase and amplitude control （PAC）, when saw-tooth carriers with alternate positive and negative slopes are adopted, the positive or negative slopes are chosen according to the phase current polarity. Since polarity reversal causes current distortion, current at the instant of reversal should be compensated for. Based on the characteristic of unity power factor converter in rectification and regeneration modes, a software implementation for current polarity detection is proposed. Distortion of current zero-crossing caused by using saw-tooth carriers with alternate positive and negative slopes is analyzed, and the relevant compensation method is proposed. Experimental study with a 1.5 kW device shows that phase current has a small harmonic content and power factor is high both in rectification and regeneration modes.

Real-Time Method for Detecting Harmonic and Reactive Currents of Single-Phase Circuits

According to the characteristics of single-phase circuits and demand of using active filter for real-time detecting harmonic and reactive currents, a detecting method based on Fryze＇s power definition is proposed. The results of theoretical analysis and simula- tion show that the proposed method is effective in realtime detecting of instantaneous harmonic and reactive currents in single-phase circuits. When only detecting the total reactive currents, this method does not need a phase-locked loop circuit, and it also can be used in some special applications to provide different compensations on the ground of different requirements of electric network. Compared with the other methods based on the theory of instantaneous reactive power, this method is simple and easy to realize.

Virtual Synchronous Generator Based Current Synchronous Detection Scheme for a Virtual Inertia Emulation in SmartGrids

Renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic wind turbines, and wave power converters, use power converters to connect to the grid which causes a loss in rotational inertia. The attempt to meet the increasing energy demand means that the interest for the integration of renewable energy sources in the existing power system is growing, but such integration poses challenges to the operating stability. Power converters play a major role in the evolution of power system towards SmartGrids, by regulating as virtual synchronous generators. The concept of virtual synchronous generators requires an energy storage system with power converters to emulate virtual inertia similar to the dynamics of traditional synchronous generators. In this paper, a dynamic droop control for the estimation of fundamental reference sources is implemented in the control loop of the converter, including active and reactive power components acting as a mechanical input to the virtual synchronous generator and the virtual excitation controller. An inertia coefficient and a droop coefficient are implemented in the control loop. The proposed controller uses a current synchronous detection scheme to emulate a virtual inertia from the virtual synchronous generators. In this study, a wave energy converter as the power source is used and a power management of virtual synchronous generators to control the frequency deviation and the terminal voltage is implemented. The dynamic control scheme based on a current synchronous detection scheme is presented in detail with a power management control. Finally, we carried out numerical simulations and verified the scheme through the experimental results in a microgrid structure.

Residual current compensation for single-phase grounding fault in coal mine power network

The way of neutral point to earth via full compensation arc suppression coil can solve the problem of residual current compensation in coal mine power network effectively. Based on the analysis on the grounding current detection results of Xieqiao coal mine, the conclusion that harmonic component of grounding current is dominated by higher harmonics with complex harmonic sources in coal mine power network system was obtained. The influences of harmonic source type and fault point position on harmonic voltage and harmonic current were analyzed theoretically. The influences of earthed fault feeder detection result and the estimation errors of parameters to earth on residual current compensation were analyzed. A new thought of residual current prediction and the selections of model method and control method were proposed on this basis. The simulation results prove that harmonic amplitudes of zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current are determined by harmonic source type as well as fault point position in coal mine power network, and also prove that zero sequence voltage detection can avoid the unstable problem of coal mine power network system caused by undercompensation of capacitive current. Finally, the experimental device of full compensation arc suppression coil is introduced.

Study on the Detection Methods of DC Series Arc Fault

It is difficult to detect and extinguish direct current(DC)arc in power electronics systems,and the arc could easily lead to a fire and cause great damage to surrounding equipment.A DC arc generation simulation unit is established,in which DC series arcs are generated by dragging the moving electrode away from the fixed one with the help of the stepper motor.In addition,a ferrite rod antenna is used to receive the electromagnetic radiation signals induced by the arcs.Based on experiments using the unit,the general characteristics of DC arc,including the pulse characteristics of arc current and source output in corresponding time window,and the frequency-domain characteristics of arc current,are studied.With discussion on three detection methods,it is concluded that the variation of current and voltage of arc,the spectrum of the arc current during the discontinuous intervals and the radiating electromagnetic signal are all features that can be adopted for detecting DC series arc.Therefore,a synthetic judgment method is suggested for further study.

非接触式柔性自偏置磁电电流传感器设计与应用

针对电网中现有电流传感器存在的易磁芯饱和、体积大、响应带宽窄、制备成本较高等问题,设计了一种柔性自偏置磁电电流传感器。首先,测试了磁电电流传感器在零偏置状态下的磁电性能,磁电电压系数可达17.65 V/(cm·Oe),表明传感器在零偏置状态下具有优异的磁电响应性能;然后,通过搭建的电流测试平台对传感器电流检测能力进行了验证,结果表明,传感器在谐振及工频频率时都具有良好的电流监测能力,且在工频电流50 Hz时灵敏度为33.07 mV/A,具有优异的灵敏度和线性度;最后,设计的磁电电流传感器在电力电缆护层环流监测业务上进行了试点应用,运行良好,表明非接触式柔性自偏置磁电电流传感器在电网非接触电流检测领域具有很大的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。

Impact of Ion Current on Total Electric Field Measurement Under HVDC Transmission Line

The total electric field(TEF) at ground level induced by high-voltage direct current(HVDC) overhead transmission lines is one of the important indexes for evaluating the lines' electromagnetic environment.Based on analyzing the existing TEF sensors and the measurement principle of ion-current density,the influence from ions on TEF measurements is quantitively studied.The results show that the ions generated by the corona from a HVDC transmission line in operation cause errors in the measurement of TEF.This error is determined through analyzing the component of total measuring current on the filed mill's sensing electrode: if no appropriate approach taken,the maximum measurement error reaches up to 4.3%.Furthermore,a method that can eliminate such error,and hence improve the accuracy of TEF sensors is designed.

长输油气管道内检测技术

管道内检测技术是长输油气管道内检测最有效的方法之一,是长输油气管道缺陷检测、评估与完整性评价的重要手段。随着我国能源行业的高速发展,管道成为能源输送的最有效载体,这对管道内检测技术提出了新的挑战,应运而生多种新的检测方法与解决方案。梳理了长输油气管道内检测技术的发展过程,阐述了长输油气管道内检测技术的国内外研究现状,针对长输油气管道内检测现存在的问题,对新技术、新方法的原理、应用情况进行归纳总结,并提出管道内检测行业的未来展望。

基于多频技术的涡轮叶片涡流检测边缘效应抑制

涡轮叶片是航空发动机的重要组成部件,对其进行质量检测有着重要意义。在对涡轮叶片进行涡流检测的过程中,当使用单一频率的涡流探头扫查叶片边缘时,检测线圈易受到边缘效应的信号干扰,叶片边缘的缺陷信号有可能淹没在干扰信号中,因此必须消除边缘效应对信号的干扰才能保证检测的质量。为此,提出一种通过多频涡流技术对涡轮叶片检测中边缘效应的干扰信号进行抑制的方法,并进行验证试验。试验结果表明,多频涡流检测技术能够有效抑制边缘效应的干扰,可提高涡轮叶片检测准确率,降低漏检率。

An Adaptive EMD Technique for Induction Motor Fault Detection

Reliable induction motor (IM) fault detection techniques are very useful in industries to diagnose IM defects and improve operational performance. An adaptive empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technology is proposed in this paper for rotor bar fault detection in IMs. As the characteristic fault frequency will change with operating conditions related to load and speed, the proposed adaptive EMD technique correlates fault features over different frequency bands and intrinsic mode function (IMF) sidebands. The adaptive EMD technique uses the first IMF to detect the fault type and the second IMF as an indicator to predict the fault severity. It can overcome the problems of the sensitivity of sideband frequencies related to the speed and load oscillations. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive EMD technique is verified by experimental tests under different motor conditions.

基于恒流式热线风速仪的流速检测实训台设计

基于恒流式热线风速仪设计了可实现复杂表面的气流测量和湍流结构分析的流速检测实训台。实训台在基于单片机的硬件电路上创新设计,保证了较高的测量精度。可用于相关专业的教科研,同时也可用于学生自制热线式风速探针的校准,提高学生的动手操作能力,培养学生的学习兴趣。

基于多TMR的涡流无损顶锤裂纹检测系统设计

针对碳化钨顶锤的表面及近表面裂纹的快速精准无损检测需求,开发了一套基于多个隧道磁阻的涡流裂纹探伤检测系统。系统设计了电源供电电路、频率可调节的信号发生电路、功率放大电路、检测探头,能检测出微缺陷引起的叠加磁场的变化。有限元仿真与顶锤检测实验的对比分析表明该检测系统可以准确识别顶锤的细微裂纹损伤,实现了基于涡流原理的顶锤钨合金试块近表面微小裂纹的检测。

基于直流电位降法的缺陷区域多探针检测

油气管道在服役过程中由于制造过程、环境复杂等因素容易产生缺陷,造成管道破裂等事故,因此对管道的无损检测具有重要意义。通过直流电位降法研究裂纹缺陷对电位场的影响规律,建立了多探针缺陷检测方法。首先采用有限元法对含有缺陷的平板试样进行电位分析,缺陷区域的电位差明显高于无缺陷区域,通过多探针的检测范围对试样区域进行划分后,提出了多探针缺陷区域检测方法。检测到区域存在缺陷后,对缺陷影响因子k进行计算,无缺陷区域k值基本在0.8~1.2之间,而缺陷周围的k值都超过了2,根据k值的分布可以得到缺陷的大致位置和尺寸。并搭建了多探针检测试验平台进行试验,结果表明,缺陷附近的电势差显著高于其他区域,与有限元结果相符。缺陷区域电势差明显高于其他区域,无缺陷区域k值在0.75~1.2之间,缺陷区域k值基本大于1.5。通过k值分布对缺陷位置和尺寸进行分析,与实际尺寸相差在3~5 mm左右。

Islanding Protection and Islanding Detection in Low Voltage CIGRE Distribution Network with Distributed Generations

The Power Quality (PQ), security, reliability etc., are the prime objectives of the power system. The protection is developed in such a way that it should be selective, fast, reliable and the cost effective. The study about the islanding protection in Low Voltage (LV) CIGRE distribution and networks like this has been proposed in this paper. This is achieved by developing the protection against the short circuit faults which might appear at the Medium Voltage (MV) bus. The protection of the network with significant penetration of the Distributed Generations (DGs) is a complicated process. The DG units which are directly connected to the grid such as synchronous or induction generators contribute large short power, whereas the DG units which are connected to the grid via inverters carry small amount of the short circuit power. This creates the problems in the protection of the network. If the proper protection coordination measures have not been taken, it might cause the mal-function of the protection devices which put the portion of the power network into the security threats. The selection of the islanding protection devices in this paper is made to protect the network against bi-directional currents at the time of short circuit fault. The LV CIGRE distribution network will enter into islanding if a fault is cleared at the MV bus by the proposed islanding protection devices. It is therefore, essential to detect the islanding in the CIGRE power network. The detection of the island in this network is another major objective of this paper. The detection of the island is proposed by using the technique which is based on the voltage phase angle difference. The simulations are carried out by using DIgSILENT power factory software version 15.0.

基于5G的配电网智能故障诊断方法

配电网是电网中发生短路故障最多且智能化程度较低的地方。目前主要使用基于零序电流比幅法来进行接地故障的故障诊断,但存在非接地故障识别率低和无法快速识别等问题。采用5G通信技术,提出三序复合电流检测法并结合广义回归神经网络(GRNN,generalized regression neural network)来实现配电网故障诊断的实时传输与快速决策。测试结果表明可提升非接地故障的识别率达20%以上,解决了以往通信不可靠和故障诊断智能化不高等问题。

航空锂电池焊缝的多通道多频涡流检测

为了实现航空锂电池极耳极板激光焊缝的高效准确检测,设计制作了带有层析成像功能的多通道多频涡流检测系统.采用该系统及5通道防干扰差分结构涡流传感器对极耳极板焊缝中的局部断焊、整体漏焊、焊缝变形内凹、微小缺陷等典型缺陷进行检测,并基于趋肤效应原理,采用层析成像技术对焊瘤缺陷进行扫查成像.结果表明,研发的带有层析成像功能的多通道多频涡流检测系统可有效检测出锂电池极耳极板焊缝中的多种典型缺陷,最小可检测1 mm的缺陷,层析成像技术可实现不同深度下缺陷的形貌观测.通过对大量检测结果的对比分析,总结了缺陷种类、位置及长度的判别方法,提出了一套缺陷判别流程与评定准则,为实现锂电池极耳极板焊缝检测的工程化奠定了良好的基础.

一种窄脉冲信号峰值电压检测电路设计

SiCMOSFET器件栅极峰值电流可以表征器件结温,但是栅极峰值电流信号上升下降速度快、维持时间短,给峰值电压信号检测电路设计带来了挑战。此处提出了一种基于两级峰值采样保持电路的窄脉冲峰值电压检测电路,其具有采集精度高、保持时间长等优点。首先介绍了峰值检测原理以及两级峰值检测原理,然后给出了详细的电路参数选型,最后,利用仿真和实验对此处所提峰值电流检测电路进行了验证。结果表明,所提峰值检测电路检测误差小于1.1%,电压下垂速率为0.55μV/μs。

基于XGBoost的配电网高阻接地故障检测方法

配电网高阻接地故障具有电气量微弱、与正常运行工况相似等特点,因此难以检测。针对传统指标阈值法常由经验整定,在复杂环境下适应性较差、灵敏性不足等问题,提出一种基于极端梯度提升(extremegradient boosting, XGBoost)的配电网高阻接地故障检测方法,以避免复杂的阈值整定。首先,通过建立10 kV中压配电系统高阻接地故障的等效模型,获取高阻接地故障和正常运行工况的零序电流数据。然后,在对数据进行归一化处理的基础上,利用XGBoost直接从原始量测信息中学习其与高阻接地故障的映射关系,构建高阻接地故障检测模型,以降低因特征提取产生的误差。最后,大量仿真结果表明,所提方法对高阻接地故障检测具有较好的灵敏性和速动性,并且在噪声和数据缺失等情况下表现出较强的泛化能力。

基于电流检测的SiC MOSFET并联均流控制策略

【目的】由第一代和第二代半导体材料构成的功率器件,各方面性能都已经达到自身极限,在更为复杂的电路拓扑中难以应用。第三代新型半导体材料碳化硅(SiC)逐步成为研究焦点,相应的碳化硅器件也成为研究前沿。相比于传统硅(Si)基器件,碳化硅金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(SiC MOSFET)以其更为优异的特性在高压、高频和高功率密度领域广泛应用。受到载流能力限制,往往需要多个器件并联使用。不成熟的制作工艺和不对称的电路布局,会导致器件自身参数和外部电路参数存在差异,产生不平衡电流问题。针对该问题,本文提出一种均流控制策略。【方法】本文首先分析和总结了并联均流影响因素,确定了各个参数的影响程度。并以器件自身开通和关断特性为基础,通过理论公式推导,总结了电流变化规律。其次,设计了对应的电流检测电路,准确获取电流差异情况。最后,提出了一种调节驱动电阻的均流控制策略,通过调节多级驱动电阻,逐步调节不平衡电流。【结果】仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性,电流不平衡度显著减小。【结论】结果表明,设置合理的驱动电阻,所提出的控制策略能有效实现双管并联均流。