Effects of alternating current imposition and alkaline earth elements on modification of primary Mg_2Si crystals in hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy

The effects of alternating current imposition and/or alkaline earth elements on modification of the primary Mg2Si crystals in the hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy were investigated.An alternating current of 60 A with frequency of 1 kHz was applied into the hypereutectic Mg-Si melt which was alloyed with alkaline earth elements or not in the fixed temperature range from 700 to 630℃. The results show that the primary Mg2Si crystals could be refined by imposing alternating current or adding alkaline elements. Compared with the samples treated by adding 0.4%Ca or 0.4%Sr,higher modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current.No further modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current combined with 0.4%Ca or 0.4%Sr addition.

Finite Element Method Based on Equivalent Magnetic Energy Method for Computation of 2D Nonlinear Eddy Current Field

In this paper, the finite element method using vector potential in applications to 2D nonlinear eddy current field is discussed. The authors use the equivalent magnetic energy method to deal with magnetization curve of ferromagnetic material,and present the formulation of 2D nonlinear eddy current field.With this method the authors analyze the eddy current field in an induction ladle furnace and the force distribution in the charge (molten metal),and plot the corresponding curves.

DIRECT SOLUTION BY 2-D AND 3-D FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ON FORWARD PROBLEM OF LOW FREQUENCY CURRENT FIELDS IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA

The paper adopts finite element method to analyze the forward problem of low-frequency current fields in inhomogeneous media. Firstly, the direct solution of 2-D and 3-D scalar potential is given. Secondly, the technique of covering finite elements for problems with movement has been presented; namely, when the place of testing point moved, the meshing data will be produced automatically to avoid re-meshing and distortion of the mesh. Thirdly the free and prescribed potential method is used to make the finite element coefficient matrices. Then this paper provides the result of a validity test obtained by simulating the laterolog-3 logging, compared with the numerical model-matching method. Finally, the MLL response is calculated.

An Introductory Note on Finite Element Problems Based on the Eddy Current Testing Approach

The paper addresses the first eddy current benchmark problem proposed by the World Federation of Nondestructive Evaluation Centers (WFNDEC). The problem simulates the eddy current response to the presence of an axisymmetric circumferential defect in an Inconel-600 tube. All simulations employ the axisymmetric code of the electromagnetic field simulator Finite Element Method Magnetics. For three different frequencies of excitation, it is explained how the displacement of the detecting coil inside the tube leads to a variation in the impedance of the eddy current coil. Variations of the resistive and inductive components of the impedance with distance from the defect region are used to build the impedance trajectory for each frequency of analysis.

Novel Minimum Passive Element Realization of All-Pass Network Using A Modified Current Conveyor

1. IntroductionA large number of networks for realizing first and second order transfer functions using a currentconveyor have been reported in the literature. Especially, the networks that can offer highinput impedance attract attention, for high input impedance has the advantage that the networksmay be used in cascade without requiring impedance matching device. In the Higashimura and

Penalty-Finite Element Analysis of the Eddy Current Loss in a Fully-Stabilized Multifilamentary Superconducting Wire

The paper is mainly concerned with the penalty incurred in finite element analysis of the eddy-current loss problem in a fully established multi-filamentary superconducting wire. A finite element model with 4-node quadrilateral isoparametric elements is formulated for the present problem. Unlike the conventional vector potential scheme in use for electromagnetic field problem, the present work features a direct computational approach to eddy current loss. Simplicity and remarkable enhancement in computational accuracy can be obtained with the proposed method.

基于多频涡流技术的燃料棒包壳管氧化膜厚度测量方法

核燃料棒包壳管表面的氧化膜会影响其导热性能,使燃料棒的温度上升,加快燃料包壳的腐蚀速度,给反应堆带来潜在安全风险。故有必要对氧化膜厚度进行精确测量。为此,构建了燃料棒包壳管的三维有限元仿真模型,对燃料包壳多频检测进行了分析,总结了激励频率、包壳管电导率和金属涂层厚度对氧化膜测量结果的影响规律;提出了融合多频测量数据,抑制干扰因素影响,精确计算氧化膜厚度的方法,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,该方法的氧化膜厚度计算误差小于1μm,可用于燃料包壳管氧化膜厚度的量化表征。

MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS INCLUDING CURRENT AND SILT SEDIMENTA-TION (Ⅰ)-THE CONTINUOUS-TIME CASE

An initial-boundary value problem for shallow equation system consisting of water dynamics equations,silt transport equation, the equation of bottom topography change,and of some boundary and initial conditions is studied, the existence of its generalized solution and semidiscrete mixed finite element(MFE) solution was discussed, and the error estimates of the semidiscrete MFE solution was derived.The error estimates are optimal.

基于聚合型代数多重网格法的三维直流电法自适应有限元正演

在各向异性、起伏地形、真实地质模型电法模拟中,经自适应有限元离散后形成的大型稀疏线性系统存在内存消耗高、求解效率低等缺陷。为此,提出了聚合型代数多重网格(AGMG)法与自适应有限元法的联合算法,在提高正演精度的同时提升计算效率,实现复杂模型三维直流电法大规模正演模拟。对于三维直流电法满足的二阶椭圆边值问题,采用非结构化四面体网格的有限元法离散,并通过自适应策略进行局部加密,再利用AGMG法求解离散形成的大规模稀疏线性方程组。最后,通过复杂地电模型和实际地质模型验证了联合算法的有效性。在千万级自由度的求解中,联合算法比传统迭代法快了20多倍,比代数多重网格法快了近10倍,随着模型复杂度的提高,联合算法的效率优势更加明显。

MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS INCLUDING CURRENT AND SILT SEDIMENTATION (Ⅱ)——THE DISCRETE-TIME CASE ALONG CHARACTERISTICS

The mixed finite element(MFE) methods for a shallow water equation system consisting of water dynamics equations,silt transport equation,and the equation of bottom topography change were derived.A fully discrete MFE scheme for the discrete_time along characteristics is presented and error estimates are established.The existence and convergence of MFE solution of the discrete current velocity,elevation of the bottom topography,thickness of fluid column,and mass rate of sediment is demonstrated.

轮缘推进永磁电机-护套-介质系统建模与仿真

为了降低轮缘推进器永磁电机的涡流损耗,研究护套材料与厚度对永磁电机涡流损耗的影响,基于有限元电磁分析软件ANSYS Electronics Desktop,建立电机-护套-介质系统模型,并通过仿真结果与数值计算结论的对比验证模型准确性;计算永磁电机定转子护套、永磁体涡流密度分布,分析护套材料与厚度对涡流损耗的影响规律。结果表明:护套材料电导率较高时护套中的涡流密度远大于永磁体中的,电导率较低时两者大小相近;采用电导率较低的护套材料时电机产生的涡流损耗远小于采用电导率较高的护套材料;护套材料对护套单位体积涡流损耗影响较大,对永磁体影响较小;定转子护套的厚度比与产生的涡流损耗呈正相关;随着护套厚度比增大,采用电导率较低的护套对永磁体及护套单位体积涡流损耗影响较小,而电导率较高的护套因为屏蔽作用能够通过降低永磁体的涡流密度来降低永磁体涡流损耗;气隙介质在空气、淡水、海水中的变化对电机的磁通密度分布没有显著影响。研究成果可为轮缘推进器永磁电机护套设计提供参考。

电磁冲击处理对M50轴承钢显微组织与强韧性的影响

建立了电-磁-热多场耦合的电磁冲击仿真模型,利用该模型预测了电磁冲击过程中试样表面的温度变化过程,分析了电磁冲击处理对材料强韧性的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对材料内部微观结构和断口形貌进行了表征和分析。结果表明:该模型成功预测了电磁冲击过程中试样表面的温度变化过程,且预测值与测量值吻合良好;合适的电磁冲击处理工艺(EST2)可以使材料具有较好的综合力学性能且有效提高材料性能的一致性,在保持平均抗拉强度基本不变的前提下,试样的断后伸长率提高了17.2%,冲击韧性提高了5.5%,屈服强度和抗拉强度一致性分别提高了52.8%和59.9%,冲击韧性一致性提高了42.6%。

面向电流信息与模态分析的工业机器人关节振动求解研究

在工业机器人健康监测中,针对需采用振动传感器对机器人各关节逐一检测而引起测试成本剧增问题,提出一种基于电流信息与模态分析的关节振动求解方法,该方法可由关节电流经模态转换直接获取关节振动信息。首先,将关节电流信息引入,建立基于关节电流的工业机器人振动模型。然后,由有限元法进行模态分析获取机器人前6阶振型,便于后续模态试验优化测点布置。接着,在力锤激励试验中,基于优化后的测点,测取工业机器人系统质量、刚度等模态参数。之后,将驱动力矩与模态参数带入该模型进行龙格库塔数值求解,得到机器人各关节振动响应。最后,在指定关节转角运行的关节单动与联动实测振动数据验证了本文提出算法的正确性。

电气化铁路牵引回流对钢轨磁化的影响研究

针对钢轨产生异常剩磁的现象,建立机车牵引回路三维有限元模型,对钢轨磁化原因进行仿真分析。研究结果表明:机车正常运行时,接触线在钢轨处产生的磁场及钢轨之间互相耦合产生的磁场均小于0.05 mT,远小于实地测量的钢轨剩磁10 mT,影响可以忽略不计;机车牵引电流幅值突变时,钢轨表面产生的磁场可达0.66~0.68 T,该磁场大小经等效计算接近自动过分相区地面磁钢的最小磁场大小1.1 T,从而可能导致机车主断路器异常跳变。

励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应对大型同步调相机转子暂态电流特性的影响

针对大型同步调相机暂态分析时模型精度较低的问题,提出一种考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应的同步调相机暂态分析精确模型。首先,通过引入特征电抗建立同步调相机考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应的暂态分析精确模型,并基于励磁电流拟合对特征电抗进行求解。然后,通过三相短路与BC相间短路故障仿真,对比同步调相机传统模型与精确模型的转子暂态电流特性。最后,建立同步调相机机-网暂态仿真模型,分析系统送端交流母线电压波动时同步调相机精确模型的暂态运行特性。研究表明,考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应时同步调相机转子暂态电流特性的精度更高。三相短路与BC相间短路故障后3个周期内,同步调相机暂态分析精确模型励磁电流峰值平均值的精度分别提高了27.27%和61.53%。

电阻性换能元电爆特性与最大不熔断电流特性试验方法研究

针对火工品电阻性换能元作用的可靠性和安全性问题,提出了电阻性换能元电爆特性及最大不熔断电流特性的试验方法,并采用该试验方法进行了桥膜换能元及桥带换能元的相关试验。试验结果表明:桥膜换能元最小爆发电压为20 V,最小爆发电流为1.5 A;桥带换能元最小爆发电压为22 V,最小爆发电流为2.0 A。桥膜换能元的最大不熔断电流为1.6 A,经历1.7~1.9 A的5 min不熔断电流试验后,换能元电阻显著减小;而桥带换能元的最大不熔断电流为1.2 A,在相同条件下未观察到电阻减小现象。

基于多TMR的涡流无损顶锤裂纹检测系统设计

针对碳化钨顶锤的表面及近表面裂纹的快速精准无损检测需求,开发了一套基于多个隧道磁阻的涡流裂纹探伤检测系统。系统设计了电源供电电路、频率可调节的信号发生电路、功率放大电路、检测探头,能检测出微缺陷引起的叠加磁场的变化。有限元仿真与顶锤检测实验的对比分析表明该检测系统可以准确识别顶锤的细微裂纹损伤,实现了基于涡流原理的顶锤钨合金试块近表面微小裂纹的检测。

狭窄空间内矩形导体电流测量装置设计与优化

针对狭窄空间内矩形导体电流测量,提出了一种基于霍尔元件椭圆阵列的电流测量装置,通过理论计算和有限元仿真分析确定了相对最优的阵列分布,搭建实验平台并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性,以及导体偏心状态下电流测量的有效性,同时分析了导体偏心状态下的电流测量偏心误差。仿真和实验结果表明,椭圆阵列电流测量装置在行业允许的±1%误差限内,允许导线X轴偏心-4.1~4.1 mm,Y轴无限制;且与传统电流测量装置相比,重量减轻82.9%,安装占用面积减小72.4%,对狭窄空间的适用性更强,为新能源产品轻量化、小型化、持续降本提供了技术支持。

基于直流电位降法的缺陷区域多探针检测

油气管道在服役过程中由于制造过程、环境复杂等因素容易产生缺陷,造成管道破裂等事故,因此对管道的无损检测具有重要意义。通过直流电位降法研究裂纹缺陷对电位场的影响规律,建立了多探针缺陷检测方法。首先采用有限元法对含有缺陷的平板试样进行电位分析,缺陷区域的电位差明显高于无缺陷区域,通过多探针的检测范围对试样区域进行划分后,提出了多探针缺陷区域检测方法。检测到区域存在缺陷后,对缺陷影响因子k进行计算,无缺陷区域k值基本在0.8~1.2之间,而缺陷周围的k值都超过了2,根据k值的分布可以得到缺陷的大致位置和尺寸。并搭建了多探针检测试验平台进行试验,结果表明,缺陷附近的电势差显著高于其他区域,与有限元结果相符。缺陷区域电势差明显高于其他区域,无缺陷区域k值在0.75~1.2之间,缺陷区域k值基本大于1.5。通过k值分布对缺陷位置和尺寸进行分析,与实际尺寸相差在3~5 mm左右。

超磁致伸缩力传感执行器磁路优化设计与分析

以超磁致伸缩力传感执行器为研究对象,基于磁致伸缩与涡流损耗理论,应用COMSOL有限元软件进行磁场分析,系统地研究了导磁体参数对磁通密度与涡流的影响规律。为增大磁通密度、减小涡流损耗,以超磁致伸缩棒中轴线上磁通密度均匀度为评价标准,优化了导磁体参数,并将导磁体分区绝缘。静、动态磁场下与未优化时实验结果进行对比,结果表明:静磁场中优化后的磁通密度均值提升了0.0161T,均匀度提升了4.5%;动态磁场中,分区绝缘可有效减少涡流损耗,优化后的力传感器灵敏度提升了5.76%。