An NMOS output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator with dynamic-strength event-driven charge pump

In this paper,an NMOS output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator(OCL-LDO)featuring dual-loop regulation has been proposed,achieving fast transient response with low power consumption.An event-driven charge pump(CP)loop with the dynamic strength control(DSC),is proposed in this paper,which overcomes trade-offs inherent in conventional structures.The presented design addresses and resolves the large signal stability issue,which has been previously overlooked in the event-driven charge pump structure.This breakthrough allows for the full exploitation of the charge-pump structure's poten-tial,particularly in enhancing transient recovery.Moreover,a dynamic error amplifier is utilized to attain precise regulation of the steady-state output voltage,leading to favorable static characteristics.A prototype chip has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology.The measurement results show that the proposed OCL-LDO achieves a 410 nA low quiescent current(IQ)and can recover within 30 ns under 200 mA/10 ns loading change.

The Arc Regulation Characteristics of the High-Current Ion Source for the EAST Neutral Beam Injector

The arc regulation method is applied to the high-current ion source for high-power hydrogen ion beam extraction for the first time. The characteristics of the arc and beam, including the probe ion saturation current, the arc power and the beam current, are studied with feedback control. The results show that the arc regulation method can be successfully applied to ion beam extraction. This lays a sound foundation for the testing of a new ion source and the operation of a conditioned ion source for neutral beam injector devices.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator functional evaluations in a G542X+/-IVS8Tn:T7/9 patient with acute recurrent pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute recurrent pancreatitis(ARP)is characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis in an otherwise normal gland.When no cause of ARP is identifiable,the diagnosis of"idiopathic"ARP is given.Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene increase the risk of ARP by 3-to 4-times compared to the general population,while cystic fibrosis(CF)patients present with a 40-to 80-times higher risk of developing pancreatitis.CASE SUMMARY In non-classical CF or CFTR-related disorders,CFTR functional tests can help to ensure a proper diagnosis.We applied an individualized combination of standardized and new CFTR functional bioassays for a patient referred to the Verona CF Center for evaluation after several episodes of acute pancreatitis.The CFTR genotype was G542X+/-with IVS8Tn:T7/9 polymorphism.The sweat(Cl-)values were borderline.Intestinal current measurements were performed according to the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Standardized Operating Procedure.Recent nasal surgery for deviated septum did not allow for nasal potential difference measurements.Lung function and sputum cultures were normal;azoospermia was excluded.Pancreas divisum was excluded by imaging but hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe was detected.Innovative tests applied in this case include sweat rate measurement by image analysis,CFTR function in monocytes evaluated using a membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent probe,and the intestinal organoids forskolin-induced swelling assay.CONCLUSION Combination of innovative CFTR functional assays might support a controversial diagnosis when CFTR-related disorders and/or non-classical CF are suspected.

An Ultra-Low Quiescent Current CMOS Low-Dropout Regulator with Small Output Voltage Variations

An ultra-low quiescent current low-dropout regulator with small output voltage variations and improved load regulation is presented in this paper. It makes use of dynamically-biased shunt feedback as the buffer stage and the LDO regulator can be stable for all load conditions. The proposed structure also employs a momentarily current-boosting circuit to reduce the output voltage to the normal value when output is switched from full load to no load. The whole circuit is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology with a quiescent current of 550 nA. The maximum output voltage variation is less than 20 mV when used with 1 μF external capacitor.

The self-regulation process and its mechanism of channels' bed changes in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary in China

Recent bathymetric changes in the Changjiang Estuary under the influence of artificial regulation engineerings and basin reservoirs have been analyzed based on the maritime charts since 1997 and recent fieldworks. The results indicate a slight erosion of the channels in the upper and middle estuary, continuing deposition and seaward move of the mouth bar crest and intensifying erosion at the nearshore seabed. It is noteworthy that the morphological evolution caused by intensive human activities dominates over the changes from nature process. First, the riverbes are eroded overall in the South Branch （SB）, the South Channel （SC） and the upper and middle reaches of the North Channel （NC）. The nearshore seabed outside the river mouth is being eroded slightly, which is attributed to the declining sediment supply from the Changjiang Basin due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam upstream. The sediment above the seabed is very active and coarsened, meanwhile, sand waves are becoming more distinct. Second, a deposition occurs in the North Brach （NB）, the mouth of the NC, the mouth bars of the North Passage （NP） and the South Passage （SP） and especially the main channel of the NP, where it shows a massive siltation after the deep waterway project. The reasons for the recent changes are not only the dynamic structure in estuarine mouth bars, but also the supply of sediment resuspension in a local and offshore area. Meanwhile, the severe erosion and siltation in some reaches is related to the construction of estuarine engineerings. It is indicated that the Changjiang Estuary is gradually self-adjusted and adapting to the varying natural factors and intensive human activities. The study on the mechanism of self-regulation of the recent bathymetric changes in the Changjiang Estuary has important and practical significance.

STUDY OF HIGH-STABILITY CURRENT REGULATORS FOR CURRENT FROM 0.1A TO 8A

Improving the temperature stability and widening the constant current range are two important problems to be solved in the application of the current regulators. This paper introduces a modular approach for the design of the current regulator with a very wide current range. The test results show that their output current ranges from 0.1A to 8A, with its current temperature coefficient as low as 10-4/℃ to 10-5/℃ and limiting voltage lower than 0.4V.

Predicting Individual Phase Current in Couple Inductor Based Voltage Regulators (VRs)

Coupled inductor is one appealing technology to improve transient response and reduce output decoupling significantly in interleaved multi-phase voltage regulators (VRs). One known problem is that there is no mature solution yet to sense the individual phase current accurately in a lossless way for couple inductor based VRs design. This will impact VR some normal function in one phase mode. This paper proposes a new solution to this problem and simulation is conducted to verify effectiveness of the proposal.

A Model-Based Unmatched Disturbance Rejection Control Approach for Speed Regulation of a Converter-Driven DC Motor Using Output-Feedback

The speed regulation problem with only speed measurement is investigated in this paper for a permanent magnet direct current(DC)motor driven by a buck converter.By lumping all unknown matched/unmatched disturbances and uncertainties together,the traditional active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)approach provides an intuitive solution for the problem under consideration.However,for such a higher-order disturbed system,the increase of poles for the extended state observer(ESO)therein will lead to drastically growth of observer gains,which causes severe noise amplification.This paper aims to propose a new model-based disturbance rejection controller for the converter-driven DC motor system using output-feedback.Instead of estimating lumped disturbances directly,a new observer is constructed to estimate the desired steady state of control signal as well as errors between the real states and their desired steady-state responses.Thereafter,a controller with only speed measurement is proposed by utilizing the estimates.The performance of the proposed method is tested through experiments on dSPACE.It is further shown via numerical calculations and experimental results that the poles of the observer within the proposed control approach can be largely increased without significantly increasing magnitude of the observer gains.

超级电容技术支持下电力储能功率调节系统仿真

储能过程中,相电压、相电流的频繁变化是导致电力功率无法保持稳定状态的主要原因,为解决上述问题,针对超级电容技术支持下电力储能功率调节系统进行仿真设计。在主电路传输回路中,设置有源滤波器与并网逆变器,实现对储能功率的调节,完成电力储能功率调节系统硬件单元的仿真设计。定义超级电容模型,并将其串联在电力回路中,从而在控制电力脉冲功率的同时,实施对电功率的等效调试,完成对电力系统储能功率的全面调节。

无线电能传输系统恒流输出控制方法研究

此处提出了一种发射端控制的无线电能传输(WPT)系统输出恒流调节方法。该方法无需在接收端增加传感器和无线通信装置,即可实现对系统输出电流的调节,因此,能够减小接收端体积和重量。首先,建立WPT系统等效电路模型,考虑整流电路等效输入阻抗的电阻和电感分量,推导得到发射端电压/电流与负载电流之间的量化关系;然后,采集发射端并联电容电压有效值和输入直流电流值,并通过逆变器移相控制,实现系统恒流输出;最后,搭建WPT实验台架,实验结果表明:在变负载工况下,恒流控制精度在3%以内,动态调节时间小于200ms,从而实现了负载电流快速、精准的调节。

一种高PSR低静态电流LDO设计

设计了一种基于0.18μm BCD工艺的高电源抑制(PSR)低静态电流低压差线性稳压器(LDO)。详细分析了多条电源噪声传递路径对系统PSR的影响。为优化系统中低频段PSR,设计了一种双轨供电的三级误差放大器。此外还引入了预稳压单元,降低了电压基准模块对系统低频段PSR的影响。为降低系统的静态电流,设计了一种基于耗尽管的超低静态电流电压基准。仿真结果表明,该LDO在不同输出电压下静态电流仅5μA,并且在250 mA负载电流内PSR<-110 dB@1 kHz, PSR<-55 dB@1 MHz。

一种高电源抑制比低温度系数的带隙基准电路

采用两种方式提高了带隙基准电路的电源抑制比。首先,采用峰值电流源结构将三极管自身的增益引入反馈环路,从而提高了环路增益和带隙基准核心的电源抑制比。其次,运用预调制电路进一步提高了电源抑制比。此外,还提出了一种仅需源极负反馈非对称电流镜的曲率补偿电路,该电路具有跨工艺的通用性。所提出的电路采用0.18μm BCD工艺进行了验证,并应用在一款降压DC-DC变换器中。结果表明,所提出的电路在2.4 V、3.3 V和5 V供电下,低频分别具有127 dB、134 dB和136 dB的高电源抑制比,同时实现了3.74×10^(-6)/℃的低温度系数,总电流消耗仅为6.3μA~14.5μA。

两相无轴承电动机驱动拓扑及控制策略优化设计

从逆变拓扑选型、调制策略设计及调节器结构优化3个角度出发,对两相无轴承电动机驱动系统进行优化设计。详细对比分析了两相无轴承电动机的逆变拓扑形式,为保证电动机高性能运行的同时尽可能降低硬件成本,采用交错并联式逆变拓扑结构;在此基础上,提出了一种基于交错并联式拓扑的双空间矢量脉宽调制策略,并给出了详细的设计过程;为进一步提升无轴承电动机驱动系统的动/稳态性能,基于无差拍思想提出了一种混合型调节器结构优化设计方案,该方案针对无差拍的控制延迟问题,采用基于史密斯预估器的电流预测方案补偿延时影响,对于参数误差问题,对d,q轴电流分别采取适合各自特点的控制策略,并利用误差累积效应补偿参数误差造成的电流跟踪静差;最后,使用无轴承试验样机的仿真及试验验证了所提驱动系统优化设计方案的有效性。

一种具有高温保护的三段式充电控制电路

锂电池由于寿命长、容量大、质量轻等优点而应用广泛,但过充和高温都有可能对电池造成极大破坏,因此对锂电池的充电保护设计变得尤为关键。基于Cansemi 0.18μm MIXS 5 V工艺,通过多参量共同作用来调节p沟道金属氧化物半导体(PMOS)管栅极电位,以实现涓流、恒流、恒压三段式充电设计。本设计具有高温调节与保护功能,在高温充电环境下,随着温度的升高,充电电流逐渐减小。直至温度达到门限温度,充电回路彻底关闭,避免了锂电池在高温环境下依然保持大电流充电的情况。仿真以及流片测试结果表明所设计电路能实现三段式充电方式,电池能被充至4.185~4.206 V,精度达到±0.4%以内,且能够实现高温控制与保护功能。

一种适用于LDO的无过冲软启动电路设计

设计了一种适用于LDO的无过冲软启动电路。其核心是采用线性升压的软启动策略来消除浪涌电流,电路结构简单、易于实现。为了解决超调现象,利用晶体管与正反馈电路设计了一种快速比较器,使得软启动电路输出电压能平滑地过渡到稳定工作状态。为了减小版图面积,利用少量的MOS管设计了斜坡产生电路和输入不平衡比较器电路。该软启动电路集成到一款低压差线性稳压器中,采用SMIC 0.18μm BCD工艺实现,电源电压为4.5 V。仿真结果表明,软启动电路有效地消除了浪涌电流,实现输出电压平稳上升无过冲,并能平滑地过渡到稳定工作状态,无超调现象产生。电路结构简单,版图面积为98μm×60μm,便于片上集成,该电路也可以应用到一般的DC-DC稳压器中。

Frequency Regulation of VSC-MTDC System with Offshore Wind Farms

Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.

复矢量电流调节器抑制高速永磁电机高次谐波

永磁电机高速运行时,定子电流高次谐波的含量和幅值快速增加,增加涡流损耗、发热和转矩脉动,研究基于电压补偿改进算法抑制定子电流高次谐波。针对高速永磁同步电机运行过程中存在的交直轴电流分量强耦合以及电机参数非线性变化的问题,设计了复矢量电流调节器来提高解耦性能和动态响应以改进传统电压补偿的电流谐波抑制算法。首先,搭建了集成高速永磁同步电机模型、高速电机弱磁控制和谐波抑制算法的联合仿真模型。在此基础上,运用软件在环仿真方法,验证了复矢量电流调节器相比于传统的电压补偿算法的重大优越性。仿真结果表明,复矢量电流调节器大大降低了定子电流的高次谐波含量、总THD和转矩脉动。以上的研究可以为高速永磁电机高次谐波的抑制和仿真分析提供重要的理论和方法论指导。

非串级结构下的双三相永磁同步电机调速控制和电流谐波抑制研究

该文针对多源时变干扰影响的双三相永磁同步电机系统,研究其基波平面内的调速控制问题和谐波平面内的谐波电流抑制问题。首先,在基波平面采用非串级控制结构,通过构造广义比例积分观测器(generalized proportional integral observer,GPIO)估计转速环的多源快变干扰;然后,针对q轴电流的过流保护问题,在传统比例微分反馈控制器的基础上利用障碍函数设计思想,结合干扰估计信息,得到基于GPIO的电流约束复合控制器;其次,在谐波平面,通过设计2个GPIO精准估计电流环的多源快变干扰,并与比例反馈控制器结合形成复合控制器来抑制2个电流环中的谐波电流。最后,给出严谨的稳定性分析,并通过对比实验验证所提方法的有效性。

基于零序无功电流柔性调控的配电网覆冰线路不停电在线融冰方法

提出采用两台级联H桥变流器(cascadedH-bridge converter,CHBC)柔性调控配电网零序无功电流,实现覆冰线路不停电在线融冰。两台CHBC分别串接在覆冰线路首端和末端的接地变压器。通过末端CHBC在绝缘允许范围内调控配电网零序电压,产生的零序对地电容电流作为融冰电流流过三相覆冰导线,实现较单相接地短路电流融冰更佳的效果。通过首端CHBC调控配电网对地电容电流,实现融冰电流大小的任意调节。所提方法无需做单相接地短路,能够精准调控融冰电流,实现三相线路同时融冰。CHBC与配电网仅存在无功交互,节省了直流稳压电源容量,且功率交互之和为零,不影响配电网正常供电电压,全网负荷无需停电。仿真和实验结果验证了所提方法及控制方案的可行性和有效性。

基于MATLAB的双闭环直流调速系统的设计与仿真

基于Matlab对双闭环直流调速系统进行了设计与实现,介绍了双闭环直流调速系统的原理及结构,通过实例对双闭环直流调速系统进行设计合适的控制策略,并使用Matlab进行仿真、建模和分析,其中转速调节器和电流调节器均采用带有限幅作用的PI调节器,然后通过实验的方法来验证所设计的双闭环直流调速系统的合理性和准确性.实验结果表明,基于Matlab的双闭环直流调速系统具有一定的抗负载扰动的能力,通过仿真实验的方法验证,所设计的双闭环直流调速系统能实现无静差调速.