The series voltage source converter(SVSC)is widely used in the power electronic equipment,such as series active power filter,dynamic voltage restorer,unified power flow controller and so on.However,while the SVSC is m...The series voltage source converter(SVSC)is widely used in the power electronic equipment,such as series active power filter,dynamic voltage restorer,unified power flow controller and so on.However,while the SVSC is more vulnerable to the impact of fault current,its applications are increasing,bringing huge challenges to the safe operation of the grid.In recent years,the topology and control strategy of the series voltage source converter with fault current limiting(SVSC-FCL)are a research hotspot.In this paper,it suggests classifying SVSC-FCL based SVSC into two groups:the control scheme optimization group and the existing topology improvement group.The research challenges and perspectives of the SVSC-FCL are introduced in detail.This paper aims to illustrate current research progress on SVSC-FCL and enrich the available pool of the multi-functional power electronic equipment.展开更多
As a new generation of direct current(DC)transmission technology,voltage sourced converter(VSC)based high voltage direct current(HVDC)has been widely developed and applied all over the world.China has also carried out...As a new generation of direct current(DC)transmission technology,voltage sourced converter(VSC)based high voltage direct current(HVDC)has been widely developed and applied all over the world.China has also carried out a deep technical research and engineering application in this area,and at present,it has been stepped into a fast growing period.This paper gives a general review over China’s VSC based HVDC in terms of engineering technology,application and future development.It comprehensively analyzes the technical difficulties and future development orientation on the aspects of the main configurations of VSC based HVDC system,topological structures of converters,control and protection technologies,flexible DC cables,converter valve tests,etc.It introduces the applicable fields and current status of China’s VSC based HVDC projects,and analyzes the application trends of VSC based HVDC projects both in China and all over the world according to the development characteristics and demands of future power grids.展开更多
针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示...针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示了其暂态响应机制与传统同步机系统的差异,分析了控制塑造下GFM-VSC系统的暂态稳定机理;然后,针对大扰动下易于触发的限幅环节,分析了系统无法自主退出限幅而失稳的机制,并提出了附带电流分配系数的改进限幅策略,有效增强了系统暂态稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析与改进方法的正确性。展开更多
针对目前柔性直流(voltage source converter-based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)电网的线路保护中存在的问题,提出一种基于双端初始电流行波(Initial current traveling wave,ICTW)时频矩阵相似度的柔性直流输电线路保护原理。首先,对柔...针对目前柔性直流(voltage source converter-based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)电网的线路保护中存在的问题,提出一种基于双端初始电流行波(Initial current traveling wave,ICTW)时频矩阵相似度的柔性直流输电线路保护原理。首先,对柔性直流电网在线路区内外故障下两端保护所在处ICTW的故障特性进行分析,总结出在特定时间窗内,区内故障下两端ICTW的频域相似度远高于区外故障。在此基础上,利用S变换对双端ICTW进行时频分析,建立时频矩阵,并对其做奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)。然后根据特征矩阵构造双端ICTW的相似度计算公式,以该相似度的大小判别线路区内外故障。另外,根据线路两端ICTW的高低频能量比识别雷击干扰。最后,各种故障情况下的仿真结果表明,该保护原理不依赖线路边界元件,可以保护不同长度线路的全长,具有更高的耐过渡电阻和抗噪声能力,并且能够满足柔性直流电网主保护的速动性要求。展开更多
当电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)联接弱交流电网输送功率接近交流电网静态稳定极限时,经典矢量控制方法无法保证换流器稳定运行。文中分析VSC联接于弱交...当电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)联接弱交流电网输送功率接近交流电网静态稳定极限时,经典矢量控制方法无法保证换流器稳定运行。文中分析VSC联接于弱交流电网时的潮流特性,研究经典矢量控制外环在弱交流电网条件下的特性,通过基于小信号模型的极点分析研究导致换流器无法稳定运行的原因,基于VSC联接于弱交流电网时的失稳机理提出一种改进矢量控制方法,在矢量控制外环增加前馈支路,增加暂态无功响应速度,提高弱交流电网条件下VSC在输送功率接近交流电网静态稳定极限时的稳定性。最后,基于小信号建模的极点分析和时域仿真结果验证改进矢量控制方法的有效性。展开更多
推导了交流电网不平衡情况下电压源换相高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)电磁暂态模型,提出了适用于该场合的抑制直流电压二次波动的控制策略。通过分析αβ坐标与...推导了交流电网不平衡情况下电压源换相高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)电磁暂态模型,提出了适用于该场合的抑制直流电压二次波动的控制策略。通过分析αβ坐标与dq+和dq-坐标之间的变换关系,得出结论:在正序旋转坐标下正序分量为直流量,负序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量;而在负序旋转坐标下负序分量为直流量,正序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量。通过简化交、直流侧电路,建立考虑换相电抗器损耗的交流系统不平衡情况下VSC-HVDC系统电磁暂态数学模型。为了抑制发生不平衡故障时直流电压的二次波动给VSC阀和直流电容器产生额外应力等问题,设计基于正、负序旋转坐标系的双电流内环控制器和直流电压外环控制器。仿真结果证明所提出的数学模型正确、可靠,所提出的控制策略能够有效地抑制直流电压二次波动。展开更多
为了提高混合式直流断路器的开断能力,降低半导体器件的使用成本,提出了一种基于串联晶闸管强迫过零关断技术的具备双向开断能力的混合式直流断路器拓扑方案。在分析关断过程的基础上,推导了串联晶闸管阀与二极管阀组件反向恢复过程中...为了提高混合式直流断路器的开断能力,降低半导体器件的使用成本,提出了一种基于串联晶闸管强迫过零关断技术的具备双向开断能力的混合式直流断路器拓扑方案。在分析关断过程的基础上,推导了串联晶闸管阀与二极管阀组件反向恢复过程中均压回路的参数设计方法,然后以10 k V样机为例,开展了主支路和转移支路器件选型与参数设计,并搭建了10 k V直流断路器原理样机及其实验回路。研究结果表明:正常运行时,主支路由机械开关和少量的全控型半导体器件串联构成,其损耗较小;在开断电流时,故障电流首先转移至晶闸管阀支路,再通过放电回路注入反向电流迫使晶闸管阀过零关断,最后通过耗能支路吸收系统感性能量。原理样机实现了直流电压10 k V下短路电流峰值为8.8 k A的过零快速关断、且开断时间小于3 ms;转移支路可通过调整半导体器件的串联数量和选型大幅提升直流断路器的电压等级和故障电流耐受能力;串联二极管阀能在大电流关断暂态过程中抑制晶闸管器件的反向恢复过电压,降低晶闸管器件的损坏风险;在混合式直流断路器的换流和关断阶段,无需针对串联的晶闸管器件调整触发时间与匹配参数。综上所述,所提出的混合式直流断路器具有快速直流短路故障清除能力,可以作为未来柔性高压直流输电系统组网的工程实施方案之一。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 51707014in part by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department 17C0040+1 种基金in part by Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province 2017ZNDL005in part by Open Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology(Zhejiang University)(ICT170316).
文摘The series voltage source converter(SVSC)is widely used in the power electronic equipment,such as series active power filter,dynamic voltage restorer,unified power flow controller and so on.However,while the SVSC is more vulnerable to the impact of fault current,its applications are increasing,bringing huge challenges to the safe operation of the grid.In recent years,the topology and control strategy of the series voltage source converter with fault current limiting(SVSC-FCL)are a research hotspot.In this paper,it suggests classifying SVSC-FCL based SVSC into two groups:the control scheme optimization group and the existing topology improvement group.The research challenges and perspectives of the SVSC-FCL are introduced in detail.This paper aims to illustrate current research progress on SVSC-FCL and enrich the available pool of the multi-functional power electronic equipment.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51261130471).
文摘As a new generation of direct current(DC)transmission technology,voltage sourced converter(VSC)based high voltage direct current(HVDC)has been widely developed and applied all over the world.China has also carried out a deep technical research and engineering application in this area,and at present,it has been stepped into a fast growing period.This paper gives a general review over China’s VSC based HVDC in terms of engineering technology,application and future development.It comprehensively analyzes the technical difficulties and future development orientation on the aspects of the main configurations of VSC based HVDC system,topological structures of converters,control and protection technologies,flexible DC cables,converter valve tests,etc.It introduces the applicable fields and current status of China’s VSC based HVDC projects,and analyzes the application trends of VSC based HVDC projects both in China and all over the world according to the development characteristics and demands of future power grids.
文摘针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示了其暂态响应机制与传统同步机系统的差异,分析了控制塑造下GFM-VSC系统的暂态稳定机理;然后,针对大扰动下易于触发的限幅环节,分析了系统无法自主退出限幅而失稳的机制,并提出了附带电流分配系数的改进限幅策略,有效增强了系统暂态稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析与改进方法的正确性。
文摘针对目前柔性直流(voltage source converter-based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)电网的线路保护中存在的问题,提出一种基于双端初始电流行波(Initial current traveling wave,ICTW)时频矩阵相似度的柔性直流输电线路保护原理。首先,对柔性直流电网在线路区内外故障下两端保护所在处ICTW的故障特性进行分析,总结出在特定时间窗内,区内故障下两端ICTW的频域相似度远高于区外故障。在此基础上,利用S变换对双端ICTW进行时频分析,建立时频矩阵,并对其做奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)。然后根据特征矩阵构造双端ICTW的相似度计算公式,以该相似度的大小判别线路区内外故障。另外,根据线路两端ICTW的高低频能量比识别雷击干扰。最后,各种故障情况下的仿真结果表明,该保护原理不依赖线路边界元件,可以保护不同长度线路的全长,具有更高的耐过渡电阻和抗噪声能力,并且能够满足柔性直流电网主保护的速动性要求。
文摘当电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)联接弱交流电网输送功率接近交流电网静态稳定极限时,经典矢量控制方法无法保证换流器稳定运行。文中分析VSC联接于弱交流电网时的潮流特性,研究经典矢量控制外环在弱交流电网条件下的特性,通过基于小信号模型的极点分析研究导致换流器无法稳定运行的原因,基于VSC联接于弱交流电网时的失稳机理提出一种改进矢量控制方法,在矢量控制外环增加前馈支路,增加暂态无功响应速度,提高弱交流电网条件下VSC在输送功率接近交流电网静态稳定极限时的稳定性。最后,基于小信号建模的极点分析和时域仿真结果验证改进矢量控制方法的有效性。
文摘推导了交流电网不平衡情况下电压源换相高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)电磁暂态模型,提出了适用于该场合的抑制直流电压二次波动的控制策略。通过分析αβ坐标与dq+和dq-坐标之间的变换关系,得出结论:在正序旋转坐标下正序分量为直流量,负序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量;而在负序旋转坐标下负序分量为直流量,正序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量。通过简化交、直流侧电路,建立考虑换相电抗器损耗的交流系统不平衡情况下VSC-HVDC系统电磁暂态数学模型。为了抑制发生不平衡故障时直流电压的二次波动给VSC阀和直流电容器产生额外应力等问题,设计基于正、负序旋转坐标系的双电流内环控制器和直流电压外环控制器。仿真结果证明所提出的数学模型正确、可靠,所提出的控制策略能够有效地抑制直流电压二次波动。
文摘为了提高混合式直流断路器的开断能力,降低半导体器件的使用成本,提出了一种基于串联晶闸管强迫过零关断技术的具备双向开断能力的混合式直流断路器拓扑方案。在分析关断过程的基础上,推导了串联晶闸管阀与二极管阀组件反向恢复过程中均压回路的参数设计方法,然后以10 k V样机为例,开展了主支路和转移支路器件选型与参数设计,并搭建了10 k V直流断路器原理样机及其实验回路。研究结果表明:正常运行时,主支路由机械开关和少量的全控型半导体器件串联构成,其损耗较小;在开断电流时,故障电流首先转移至晶闸管阀支路,再通过放电回路注入反向电流迫使晶闸管阀过零关断,最后通过耗能支路吸收系统感性能量。原理样机实现了直流电压10 k V下短路电流峰值为8.8 k A的过零快速关断、且开断时间小于3 ms;转移支路可通过调整半导体器件的串联数量和选型大幅提升直流断路器的电压等级和故障电流耐受能力;串联二极管阀能在大电流关断暂态过程中抑制晶闸管器件的反向恢复过电压,降低晶闸管器件的损坏风险;在混合式直流断路器的换流和关断阶段,无需针对串联的晶闸管器件调整触发时间与匹配参数。综上所述,所提出的混合式直流断路器具有快速直流短路故障清除能力,可以作为未来柔性高压直流输电系统组网的工程实施方案之一。