Study on the Mechanical Properties of Irregular Curved Steel Box Girder for City Viaduct

This paper deeply analyses the influence of different local tectonic on stress performance of spatial curved steel box Girder Bridge, using the finite element analysis software to establish space finite element model of this bridge, calculation and analysis were made on the bridge of the strength, stiffness. It has certain reference value for guiding engineering design, have a good foundation for the mechanical properties and stability of linear and nonlinear further study of curved steel box girder.

ISOCHRONOUS STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF LOW ALLOY STEEL CROSS-WELD-SPECIMEN AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

In this work, a parametric approach is presented and utilized to determine the creep properties of weldments; then the model of creep strain for cross weld specimen is given. On the basis of the experimental results, attempt has been made to establish equations of the isochronous stress-strain for weld joint that can predict the function of loading and service time in use of the creep data of base metal and weld metal.

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.

Measurement and analysis of polarization curves of mild steel in sodium carbonate/bicarbonate solution under erosion-corrosion conditions

The polarization curves of mild steel in de-aerated 0.5 mol NaHCO 3+0.5 mol Na 2CO 3 solution with and without erodent particles of 300 g/L of 100 μm alumina have been measured using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) apparatus over the range of rotation speeds from 0 to 4 000 r/min. The results show that the mild steel in the de-aerated slurry exhibits classical active/passive polarization behavior. The speed of cylinder rotation has a great effect in the presence of particles on the active dissolution current density. The erosion-corrosion process is severely erosion-dominated for the mild steel. However, the poor corrosion resistance of the mild steel in such turbulent slurries is also significant, especially at lower than 4 m/s.

Free Vibration Analysis of RC Box-Girder Bridges Using FEM

The free vibration analysis of simply supported box-girder bridges is carried out using the finite element method.The fundamental frequency is determined in straight,skew,curved and skew-curved box-girder bridges.It is important to analyse the combined effect of skewness and curvature because skew-curved box-girder bridge behaviour cannot be predicted by simply adding the individual effects of skewness and curvature.At first,an existing model is considered to validate the present approach.A convergence study is carried out to decide the mesh size in the finite element method.An exhaustive parametric study is conducted to determine the fundamental frequency of box-girder bridges with varying skew angle,curve angle,span,span-depth ratio and cell number.The skew angle is varied from 0°to 60°,curve angle is varied from 0°to 60°,span is changed from 25 to 50 m,span-depth ratio is varied from 10 to 16,and single cell&double cell are used in the present study.A total of 420 bridge models are used for parametric study in the investigation.Mode shapes of the skew-curved bridge are also presented.The fundamental frequency of the skew-curved box-girder bridge is found to be more than the straight bridge,so,the skew-curved box-girder bridge is preferable.The present study may be useful in the design of box-girder bridges.

Investigation into the stress-strain curves of deformation-induced ferrite transformation in a low carbon steel

A series of tests of deformation-induced ferrite transformation （DIP-T） in a low carbon steel were carried out by the Gleeble-3500 hot simulation machine at a temperature range of Ae3-Ar3. The overall stress-strain curves during DIFT can be divided into three typical types： ＂double-humped＂,＂ single-humped＂ and ＂transitional＂. The peaks exhibited in the curve are involved with deformation-induced transformation which happened in grains or at the grain boundaries. According to the stress-time curve and strain-time curve, strain capacity dramatically postponed the strain-induced transformation, which leads to the start of the transformation right ahead of the finish of deformation and the majority of the ferrite transformation process mainly happened after the deformation. Deformation-induced transformation is a metadynamic transformation process with dynamic nucleation.

Research on the oxidation kinetics curve of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV steel hot-dipped Al

In this paper, 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV steel that is aerial engine blade materials was hot dipped Al-6%Si-4%RE in order to improve its application temperature. According to GB/T13303-91 standard, samples with coating and without coating were oxidated at 700℃ from 5 h to 600 h. Two oxidation kinetics curves were drawn in terms of data of tests. The results showed that oxidation resistance of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV steel hot-dipped Al-6%Si-4%RE is better than one without coating. From SEM and EMPA, the surface of coating formed dense and uninterrupted α-Al2O3, which is the bars of oxidation resistance. In addition, according to one crossing point of the two curves, it was suggested that hot dipped aluminum steel should be annealed before used.

Development of a new irradiation-embrittlement prediction model for reactor pressure-vessel steels

Predicting the transition-temperature shift(TTS)induced by neutron irradiation in reactor pressure-vessel(RPV)steels is important for the evaluation and extension of nuclear power-plant lifetimes.Current prediction models may fail to properly describe the embrittlement trend curves of Chinese domestic RPV steels with relatively low Cu content.Based on the screened surveillance data of Chinese domestic and similar international RPV steels,we have developed a new fluencedependent model for predicting the irradiation-embrittlement trend.The fast neutron fluence(E>1 MeV)exhibited the highest correlation coefficient with the measured TTS data;thus,it is a crucial parameter in the prediction model.The chemical composition has little relevance to the TTS residual calculated by the fluence-dependent model.The results show that the newly developed model with a simple power-law functional form of the neutron fluence is suitable for predicting the irradiation-embrittlement trend of Chinese domestic RPVs,regardless of the effect of the chemical composition.

基于Master Curve方法的16MnR钢韧脆转变区断裂韧性研究

在韧脆转变温度区对16MnR进行了拉伸性能,夏比V形缺口冲击性能和断裂韧性测试,基于Master Curve方法得到了16MnR钢在韧脆转变区断裂韧性随温度变化曲线,并比较了断裂韧性韧脆转变曲线的参考温度和夏比冲击试验特征温度间的关系。

基于Master Curve方法的A508-Ⅲ钢断裂韧性研究

进行了国产A508-Ⅲ钢在韧脆转变区的拉伸实验和夏比冲击实验,获得了A508-III钢在此区域的力学性能和夏比冲击功随温度的变化曲线。以夏比冲击功为28 J或41 J所对应的特征温度关联预估MasterCurve方法的试验温度,分别采用多温度试验法和单温度试验法获得12.7 mm厚三点弯曲试样[SE(B)试样]的Master Curve曲线,并对其参考温度T0进行有效性判定。结果表明,采用单温度及多温度法获得的T0基本一致,国产A508-Ⅲ钢断裂韧性参考温度约为-63℃。

基于Master Curve方法的X80管线钢韧脆转变区断裂韧性研究

X80钢是我国常用的天然气长输管道用钢,获得其在低温下的断裂韧性以及韧脆转变温度区,对于评价其在低温下的安全性至关重要。针对X80管线钢,测试了其低温拉伸性能、夏比V型缺口冲击吸收能量及断裂韧性;并且在此基础上,研究得到了其主曲线的参考温度T0,进一步预测得到了X80管线钢在整个韧脆转变区的断裂韧性分布。试验结果表明,X80管线钢在低温下具有良好的断裂韧性,其主曲线的参考温度为-91℃,在-141^-41℃的温度区间内,其断裂韧性5%下边界很好地描述了断裂韧性数据在韧脆转变区的分散性。

Effects of Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 38MnB5 steel

The effects of the microalloying element niobium(Nb) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot stamped steel 38 Mn B5 were investigated. The impact of Nb addition on the microstructure was studied through scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of the steel containing Nb were finer than those of the steel without Nb. Moreover, Nb mainly presented as a second-phase particle in 38MnB5 steel, and the particles included Nb carbonitrides. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the hot rolled and hot stamped steels were also measured, and they demonstrated that the appropriate addition of Nb was beneficial to the mechanical properties of 38 MnB5. Under the same conditions, the tensile strength of 38 MnB5 Nb was higher than that of 38 MnB5, which increased from 2011 to 2179 MPa. The yield strength also increased from 1316 to 1476 MPa, and the elongation increased from 5.92% to 6.64%. Overall, Nb had a positive effect on the performance of the hot stamped steel.

Structure change of 430 stainless steel in the heating process

The microstructure analysis was employed for the ferrific stainless steel （SUS430） with the carbon content from 0.029wt% to 0.100wt% under the simulated heating process condition. The higher carbon sample （430H） contains the duplex phase microstructure at the temperature of 1150℃; on the other hand, the lower carbon content sample （430L） does not touch two phase area even at the temperature of 1450℃ and has the single phase ferritic microstructure. The carbon content need be well controlled for the 430 ferritic stainless steel since it can significantly affect the heating process curve, and the heating process may not be done in the two phase area due to the uncontrolled carbon content. With the low carbon content and the proper soaking time, the grain size is not sensitive to the heating process temperature and the soaking time. In the present heat treatment experiments, the soaking time is about 10 min, and the processing parameters can be chosen according to the requirement of the gross energy, the efficiency and the continual forming. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.

A comparative study on corrosion kinetic parameter estimation methods for the early stage corrosion of Q345B steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution

Corrosion kinetic parameters play an important role in researchers' ability to understand and predict corrosion behavior. The corrosion kinetic parameters of structural steel Q345B specimens immersed in 3.5wt% NaCl solution for 1–2 h were determined using linear polarization resistance(LPR), Tafel-curve multiparameter fitting, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM) methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were investigated and discussed through comparative investigation. Meanwhile, the average corrosion rate was examined using traditional coupon tests. The results showed that the corrosion current density values estimated by EFM at a base frequency of 0.001 Hz and those obtained by Tafel-curve four-parameter fitting(TC4) are similar and consistent with the results of coupon tests. Because of their slight perturbation of the corrosion system, EIS and EFM/TC4 in collaborative application are the recommended techniques for determining the kinetics and the corresponding parameters for the homogeneous corrosion of the naked metal. In our study of the electrochemical kinetics, we obtained much more abundant and accurate electrochemical kinetic parameters through the combined use of different electrochemical methods.

EVALUATION OF THE TIME DEPENDENT FAILURE ASSESSMENT CURVES FOR 10CrMo910 AND 316 SS AT 550℃

10CrMo910 and 316 stainless steel are widely adopted in high temperature structures of power generations, chemical processing plants and petroleum refineries. In this work, a total of 10000 hour tensile creep test on 16 specimens of such two materials was conducted at 550℃. On the basis of the experimental results, the isochronous stress-strain curves and time-dependent failure assessment curves of the two materials were given. Finally, the formulae of time dependent failure assessment curve for 10CrMo910 and 316 stainless steel corresponding to long-term creep cases, which could be utilized in the high temperature defects assessment, were established. The procedure for defining the time-dependent failure assessment curves was also presented.

Fabrication and compressive performance of plain carbon steel honeycomb sandwich panels

Plain carbon steel Q215 honeycomb sandwich panels were manufactured by brazing in a vacuum furnace. Their characteristic parameters, including equivalent density, equivalent elastic modulus, and equivalent compressive strength along out-of-plane （z-direction） and in-plane （x-and y-directions）, were derived theoretically and then determined experimentally by an 810 material test system. On the basis of the experimental data, the compressive stress-strain curves were given. The results indicate that the measurements of equivalent Young＇s modulus and initial compressive strength are in good agreement with calculations, and that the maximum compressive strain near to solid can be up to 0.5-0.6 along out-of-plane, 0.6-0.7 along in-plane. The strength-to-density ratio of plain carbon steel honeycomb panels is near to those of Al alloy hexagonal-honeycomb and 304L stainless steel square-honeycomb, but the compressive peak strength is greater than that of Al alloy hexagonal-honeycomb.

High-cycle Fatigue Fracture Behavior of Ultrahigh Strength Steels

The fatigue fracture behavior of four ultrahigh strength steels with different melting processes and therefore different inclusion sizes were studied by using a rotating bar two-point bending fatigue machine in the high-cycle regime up to 107 cycles of loading. The fracture surfaces were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）. It was found that the size of inclusion has significant effect on the fatigue behavior. For AtSI 4340 steel in which the inclusion size is smaller than 5.5 μm, all the fatigue cracks except one did not initiated from inclusion but from specimen surface and conventional S-N curve exists. For 65Si2MnWE and Aermet 100 steels in which the average inclusion sizes are 12.2 and 14.9 μm, respectively, fatigue cracks initiated from inclusions at lower stress amplitudes and stepwise S-N curves were observed. The S-N curve displays a continuous decline and fatigue failures originated from large oxide inclusion for 60Si2CrVA steel in which the average inclusion size is 44.4 pro. In the case of internal inclusion-induced fractures at cycles beyond about 1×10^6 for 65Si2MnWE and 60Si2CrVA steels, inclusion was always found inside the fish-eye and a granular bright facet （GBF） was observed in the vicinity around the inclusion. The GBF sizes increase with increasing the number of cycles to failure Nf in the long-life regime. The values of stress intensity factor range at crack initiation site for the GBF are almost constant with Nf, and are almost equal to that for the surface inclusion and the internal inclusion at cycles lower than about 1×10^6. Neither fish-eye nor GBF was observed for Aermet 100 steel in the present study.

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF OCEANIC MICROBIOLOGICAL INFLUENCED CORROSION ON CARBON STEEL

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the medium of marine microorganisms was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectra, polarization curves, and so on. Experimental results showed that the corrosion potential of carbon steel moved in a negative direction in the unpurified marine microorganism solution, and the polarization style of the cathodic process did not change. The electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the impedance value of the electrode decreased in the medium with bacteria, which indicated that the existence of microorganism could accelerate the corrosion progress of carbon steel.

Mathematical Modelling of Carbonitride Precipitation during Hot Working in Nb Microalloyed Steels

Based on thermodynamics and kinetics, precipitation behavior of microalloyed steels was analyzed. Deformation greatly promotes isothermal carbonitride precipitation and makes C-curve shift leftwards. The position and shape of C-curve also depend on the content of Nb and N. C-curve shifts leftwards a little when N content increases and the nose temperature is raised with increasing Nb content. Deformation shortened precipitation start time during continuous cooling, raised precipitation start temperature, accelerated precipitation kinetics of carbonitrides. With decreasing the finishing temperature and coiling temperature, the precipitates volume fraction increases and strength increment is raised during hot rolling. The simulated results are in agreement with experiment results.

Metal magnetic memory signals from surface of low-carbon steel and low-carbon alloyed steel

In order to investigate the regularity of metal magnetic signals of ferromagnetic materials under the effect of applied load, the static tensile test of Q235 steel and 18CrNiWA steel plate specimens were conducted and metal magnetic memory signals of specimens were measured during the test process. The influencing factors of metal magnetic memory signals and the relationship between axial applied load and signals were analyzed. The fracture and microstructure of the specimens were observed. The results show that the magnetic signals corresponding to the measured points change linearly approximately with increasing axial load. The microstructure of Q235 steel is ferrite and perlite, whereas that of 18CrNiWA steel is bainite and low-carbon martensite. The fracture of these two kinds of specimens is ductile rupture; carbon content of specimen materials and dislocation glide give much contribution to the characteristics of magnetic curves.