Customized Design for Ergonomic Products via Additive Manufacturing Considering Joint Biomechanics

This paper presents a customized design method for ergonomic products via additive manufacturing(AM)con-sidering joint biomechanics.An ergonomic customized design model can be built based on kinesiology involving human joint biomechanics.Manifolds of the human bone can be reconstructed from X-rays,computed tomog-raphy(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and direct 3D scanning.The conceptual and detailed design of customized products were implemented on ergonomic shoes and insoles.A lightweight lattice structure with vari-able porosity was generated via structural topology optimization for an ergonomic customized design.Notably,the upper surface of the custom-made insole may adhere perfectly to the plantar surface of the patient,resulting in a lower peak plantar pressure.Finite element analysis(FEA)can be employed to simulate the static or dynamic biomechanical characteristics.The conceptual ergonomic products were forwarded to the machine and fabricated via AM,driven by visual digital twin techniques.The experiments proved that a customized design suitability method for wearable ergonomic products via 3D printing is specifically tailored to the rehabilitation needs of individual customers,while consuming the least cost,time,and materials.

Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.The use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and scaffolds.However,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and expensive.Moreover,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma patients.In this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a patient.These modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during surgery.The proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or segmentation.This algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone models.Additionally,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or images.The algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based AM process.Guidelines and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

Custom Designed Healthcare

African patients benefit from targeted high-quality made-in-China medical equipment ONE of the most vulnerable sections of the population in Africa is pregnant women.The reasons for this come down to a range of issues,the most critical being local customs,poverty,and the remoteness of many villages.

金属质个性化手术模板的全数字化快速设计及制造

为满足手术模板对快速成型、精确定位和个性化的要求,基于逆向工程结合正向建模设计和选区激光熔化快速成型技术提出了一种全数字化设计、制造金属质个性化手术模板的方法。分析了手术模板的医学需求,从成型方式以及扫描策略两方面提出缩减成型时间、减轻成型件重量以及减少热变形的方案。分别研究了致密态成型和非致密态成型两种工艺,其中非致密态成型采用高扫描速度实现,成型过程采用邻层互错、正交及分区扫描策略。利用上述方法,成功设计了一套手术模板,并分别利用致密态以及非致密态两种方式对模板成型。结果表明,模板尺寸精度达±0.5 mm;另外,与致密态成型方式相比,非致密态方式的成型时间减少了43.3%,模板重量减轻了18%。该方法成型的手术模板已成功应用于临床。

REQUIREMENT PRODUCT CONFIGURATION IN MASS CUSTOMIZATION

On the basis of researching on requirement product configuration in mass customization, the concept of product family requirement class （PFRC） and requirement-matching template are put forward. A case-based requirement product configuration （CB-RPC） model and corresponding requirement product model are established. The result of requirement product configuration is obtained by using the method of two-level similar matching. In addition, the effect of the method on requirement responding is analyzed. Finally, the model and the method given are applied in elevator industry, and have improved the enterorise＇s ability of rapid responding to customer＇s reouirements.

AUGMENTED REALITY SYSTEM FOR AIDING ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS OF MACHINERY SYSTEMS

The paper presents the application of augmented reality for aiding product design and development of machinery systems. Augmented reality technology integrates an interactive computer-generated word with an interactive real word in such a way that they appear as one environment. AR technology can enhance a user＇s perception of the real world with information that is not actually part of the scene but is relevant to the user＇s present activity. Presented in the AR system is a mode for changing views of data - especially 3D models - allowing the user to understand the prospective machinery system in a more comprehensive way, thus making the design process more efficient than the one supported by conventional present-day CAD systems. The presented prototype system contains an expert system integrated with AR system and allows the delivering of knowledge to the designer about successive steps of the design process of a mobile robot and practical solutions of realized constructional problems. An approach concerning AR enables the system user to analyze and verify solutions （represented as 3D models） relative to real scenes/objects. This approach is advantageous because the real environment around us often provides a vast amount of information that is difficult to duplicate in a computer. In some cases, the application of an AR system could be an optimal way to verify developed products.

YHFT-QDSP:High-Performance Heterogeneous Multi-Core DSP

Multi-core architectures are widely used to in time-to-market and power consumption of the chips enhance the microprocessor performance within a limited increase Toward the application of high-density data signal processing, this paper presents a novel heterogeneous multi-core architecture digital signal processor （DSP）, YHFT-QDSP, with one RISC CPU core and 4 VLIW DSP cores. By three kinds of interconnection, YHFT-QDSP provides high efficiency message communication for inner-chip RISC core and DSP cores, inner-chip and inter-chip DSP cores. A parallel programming platform is specifically developed for the heterogeneous nmlti-core architecture of YHFT-QDSP. This parallel programming environment provides a parallel support library and a friendly interface between high level application softwares and multi- core DSP. The 130 nm CMOS custom chip design results benchmarks show that the interconnection structure of in a high speed and moderate power design. The results of typical YHFT-QDSP is much better than other related structures and achieves better speedup when using the interconnection facilities in combing methods. YHFT-QDSP has been signed off and manufactured presently. The future applications of the multi-core chip could be found in 3G wireless base station, high performance radar, industrial applications, and so on.