Study on the Introduction and Screening of Cut Roses in the Tropical Coastal Area of China

[Objective] This study aimed to select suitable cultivars of cut roses with prominent comprehensive performance which is suitable for the commercial promotion in the tropical region of South Hainan Province,including Sanya and the low-altitude area.[Method] Introduction experiment and production test were designed to observe the agronomic and economic traits of cultivars in a rose resources nursery established in Sanya.[Result] Through observation in the resources garden,18 varieties were chosen to conduct the introduction experiment,of which 8 varieties were selected to accomplish the production test.The results of the production test showed that ＇Vendela＇,＇Golden Emblem＇,＇Samantha＇ and ＇Tineke＇ showed the best adaptability;the cut flower quality of ＇Carola＇,＇Black Magic＇ and ＇Golden Emblem＇ belonged to the first grade;the yield of ＇Movie Star＇,＇Golden Emblem＇ and ＇Black Magic＇ was more than one million per hm2;except ＇Golden Emblem＇,the vase life of the other seven cultivars was more than 10 days;＇Carola＇,＇My Choice＇ and ＇Perfume White＇ had better disease-and insect-resistance;＇Carola＇,＇Vendela＇,＇Rouge Meilland＇,＇Tineke＇,＇Golden Emblem＇,＇Samantha＇,＇Perfume White＇,＇Saiun＇,＇Asagumo＇ and ＇Double Delight＇ were more resistant to blackspot,while ＇Black Magic＇,＇Versilla＇,＇Alec＇s Red＇ and ＇Movie Star＇ were less resistant to blackspot.[Conclusion] Cultivars of cut roses were able to grow and develop normally in the tropical coastal area of Hainan Province,including South Hainan and Sanya,where it was appropriate for the production of cut roses.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of thrips and blackspot.＇Black Magic＇,＇Carola＇,＇Vendela＇,＇Rouge Meilland＇,＇Golden Emblem＇,＇Tineke＇,＇Movie Star＇ and ＇Samantha＇ showed best comprehensive performance,which were thus worthy of large-scale popularization in Hainan Province.

Nutrients Deficiency and Excess Phenomena of Cut Rose and Their Physiological Significances

On the basis of a brief introduction of essential major dements and trace dements for cut rose, the physiological effect and deficiency and excess phenomena of major elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur and trace dements including zinc, molybdenum, boron, iron, manganese, copper were mainly described; the main factors influencing nutrients absorption of cut rose were summarized, in order to provide a reference for the reasonable fertilization of cut rese.

Physiological Dynamics and Transcriptomic Analysis of Cut Roses‘Carola’Treated with KNO_(3)

The consumption of cut roses(Rosa hybrida)has always ranked first in the world.However,it is vulnerable to rapid petal and leaf wilting due to leaf stomatal water loss,which seriously affects its ornamental quality and economic value.Stomatal movement,a key in plant physiological processes,is influenced by potassium and nitrate.Advancing comprehension of its physiological and molecular mechanism holds promise for preserving the freshness of cut roses.This study observed the impacts of different concentrations of KNO_(3) vase treatments on stomatal opening and water loss in cut rose‘Carola’leaves,as well as their transcriptional responses to KNO_(3).Water loss rates were influenced by KNO_(3) concentrations,with the 25 and 75 mmol/L treatments exhibiting the highest water loss rates.The stomatal aperture reached its widest value when treated with 75 mmol/L KNO_(3).Transcriptional sequencing analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of which 5456 were up-regulated,and 6607 were down-regulated associated with photosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism,metabolic pathways,plant-pathogen interaction,plant hormone signal transduction,and related pathways.246 DEGs were selected related to response to KNO_(3) treatment,of which gene ontology(GO)enrichment were nitrate and terpenoid metabolism,ion transport,and response to stimuli.Further heatmap analysis revealed that several genes related to nitrate transport a metabolism,K+transport,vacuoles,and aquaporin were in close association with the response to KNO_(3) treatment.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)revealed that hub genes,including LAX2,TSJT1,and SCPL34 were identified in turquoise,black,and darkgreen module.Transcription factors such as NAC021,CDF3,ERF053,ETR2,and ARF6 exhibited regulatory roles in the response to KNO_(3) treatment under light conditions.These findings provide valuable insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of cut rose leaves to KNO_(3) treatment.

Different Fresh-keeping Effects of Sugar, Aspirin and Vc on Cut Rose Flowers

[Objectives] This study was conducted to develop environmentally-friendly effective vase solutions for cut rose flowers convenient for ordinary household use. [Methods] The vase life, flowering stage, flower diameter variation, petal water content, and soluble protein and malondialdehyde contents were determined on cut rose flowers regularly during the vase period, to study the fresh-keeping effects of the vase solutions prepared from such three components as sugar, aspirin and Vc according to L9(33) orthogonal table design on cut rose flowers during the vase period. [Results] 20 g/L white granulated sugar+460 mg/L aspirin+50 mg/L Vc was the best combination in this study. [Conclusions] This study provides a reference for the research on the fresh-keeping vase solutions of household cut rose flowers.

On the Economic Benefits of Cut Roses Planting in Sanya

The study aims to promote the off-season cut roses industry in Hainan Province to the whole island and even whole China. Based on the production data in latest three years,the theory of time value was introduced to analyze the economic benefits of cut roses planting in South Hainan. According to the research findings,the cut roses create a NPV of $22 000 /667m2 with a net NPV rate of 34. 24%,an internal rate of return of 76. 36%,and a dynamic payback of 1. 05,bringing the farmers a revenue of $7 200 /667m2 per capita per year. Since the largescale planting of cut roses needs a high investment,it is suggested that the government should increase its support for the cut rose industry.

Exogenous ethylene influences flower opening of cut roses (Rosa hybrida) by regulating the genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis enzymes

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differential responses of flower opening to ethylene in two cut rose cultivars, ‘Samantha’, whose opening process is promoted, and ‘Kardinal’, whose opening process is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene production and 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities were determined first. After ethylene treatment, ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in petals increased and peaked at the earlier stage (stage 3) in ‘Samantha’, and they were much more dramatically enhanced and peaked at the later stage (stage 4) in ‘Kardinal’ than control during vasing. cDNA fragments of three Rh-ACSs and one Rh- ACO genes were cloned and designated as Rh-ACS1, Rh-ACS2, Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 respectively. Northern blotting analysis revealed that, among three genes of ACS, ethylene-in- duced expression patterns of Rh-ACS3 gene corresponded to ACS activity and ethylene production in both cultivars. A more dramatic accumulation of Rh-ACS3 mRNA was induced by ethylene in ‘Kardinal’ than that of ‘Samantha’. As an ethylene action inhibitor, STS at concentration of 0.2 mmol/L generally inhib-ited the expression of Rh-ACSs and Rh-ACO in both cultivars, although it induced the expression of Rh-ACS3 transiently in ‘Kardinal’. Our results suggests that ‘Kardinal’ is more sensitive to ethylene than ‘Samantha’; and the changes of Rh-ACS3 expression caused by ethylene might be related to the acceleration of flower opening in ‘Samantha’ and the inhibition in ‘Kardinal’. Additional results indicated that three Rh-ACSs genes were differentially associated with flower opening and senescence as well as wounding.

WATER CUTTING OF CHINESE ROSE-BETTY PRIOR

The rooting law of modem Chinese rose variety -Betty prior at different conditions was studied dwhg 1995-96. The suhable temperaure for initiating healing organization which is a prempuisite for rooting was aboot 21℃. The experimedl result showed the percent root was not di odly related to healing organtheion, bul related to the cnding' diamde. The coding diamoter should be 4-5 mm in order to keep a higher rooting tate in water cnding Percat root of water cutting haddired relations with temperature . The most suitable temperatur for Chinese rose rooting was in rangeof 20 ~ 25℃.

切花月季保鲜技术最新研究进展

目的本文综述切花月季的贮藏与瓶插保鲜技术的应用与进展以及未来发展方向,以期为后续研究提供理论基础。方法分析切花月季的市场需求,概述物理和化学保鲜技术,包括控温贮藏、调湿贮藏、化学保鲜剂等。结果合适的物理和化学保鲜技术能有效延长切花月季的贮藏和瓶插期。但单一技术效果有限,存在成本、处理时间等问题。结论综合应用多种保鲜技术及探索新型保鲜剂是切花月季保鲜研究的未来发展方向。

温室无土栽培切花月季生长发育预测模型及其验证

【目的】建立一个可以预测温室无土栽培切花月季生长发育时期及收获期的模型,为切花月季生产过程中的环境因子调控提供理论支持。【方法】以生长周期差异明显的3个主栽切花月季品种‘洛神’‘欢乐颂’和‘粉红雪山’为试验材料,无土栽培种植于曲靖市马龙区的塑料温室大棚中,于2021—2022年收集5期的生长发育数据和同期的光照辐射及温度数据。通过分析切花月季的生长周期特征,构建基于生理辐热积(Physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,PTEP)的切花月季生长发育时期预测模型,并使用独立数据对构建的生长模型进行验证。【结果】切花月季在修剪到萌芽、萌芽到现蕾以及现蕾到收获这3个生长发育阶段所需的生理辐热积分别为22.08、29.41和38.89 MJ/m^(2);本研究所构建的切花月季生长发育时期预测模型基于生理辐热积,在切花月季的各个生长发育阶段,模型的模拟预测值与实测值表现出良好的一致性。1∶1线性回归标准误差(RMSE)分别为0.7、6.5和9.4 d,显示出模型预测的准确性。【结论】通过考虑光照辐射与温度的综合影响,构建的模型能够预测切花月季在不同生长发育阶段的时间点,以及切花产品的收获期。基于该模型,种植者可以更精准地调节温室内的光照与温度,从而在一定程度上调控切花月季产品的生产周期。研究结果将为温室无土栽培切花月季的生产提供科学依据,同时也将为种植者制定切实可行的生产和技术支持。

蘸水处理对月季切花保鲜效果的影响

为分析蘸水处理对月季切花的保鲜效果,以‘卡罗拉’月季切花为试材,分别进行蘸水处理和不蘸水处理,于4℃下贮藏,并测定其腐烂指数、萎蔫指数、花朵直径、失重率、呼吸强度、丙二醛(MDA)含量。冷藏试验结果表明,蘸水处理能够降低鲜切花在冷藏过程中膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量和鲜切花呼吸代谢的速率,从而延缓衰老,延长鲜切花的贮藏时间。瓶插试验结果表明,蘸水处理在冷藏15 d后瓶插期间最大花径达6.90 cm,大于不蘸水处理组的6.09 cm,蘸水处理可有效延缓鲜切花腐烂指数、萎蔫指数和失重率的上升,抑制月季切花贮藏和瓶插期间品质的下降。综上,蘸水处理对月季切花具有较好的保鲜效果。本研究结果可为延长‘卡罗拉’月季切花的瓶插寿命及保鲜剂研究提供理论依据。

基于主成分分析和聚类分析的切花月季弯梗特性综合评价

【目的】对切花月季弯梗表型性状进行分析和筛选,并综合评价不同品种的弯梗特性,为矫正不同类型月季弯梗及促进切花月季优质高效生产提供参考依据。【方法】以温室栽培的10个切花月季品种为研究对象,统计不同品种的弯梗率;测定弯梗植株的花朵宽度、花朵高度、萼片下落距离等12个表型性状,统计各指标的变异系数(CV);采用主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析等方法综合评价10个切花月季品种的弯梗特性。【结果】切花月季品种高盛的弯梗率最高,达16.19%,白荔枝弯梗率最小,仅3.44%。气场和苏醒的弯梗萼片下落后变化类型分别为3和2种,其余品种为1种;品种间花朵鲜重等10个表型性状变异系数大于10.00%,各品种弯梗方向无特定方位。已测的12个表型性状中有5对指标间呈极显著相关(P<0.01),5对指标间呈显著相关(P<0.05)。PCA结果表明,茎粗、最大花瓣厚度、花朵鲜重、花瓣数、花朵宽、花盘到第1台叶距离、下落萼片鲜重和花梗高等8个性状载荷量较大,是弯梗特性评价的关键指标。通过隶属函数法对综合评价值(D)排序为高盛>浪漫沙滩>艾莎>夏日恋情>洛神>粉荔枝>苏醒>气场>朱丽叶>白荔枝。聚类分析结果显示供试切花月季品种可分为三大类群,高盛、浪漫沙滩和艾莎具有突出的弯梗特性,D均大于0.650。【结论】10个切花月季品种弯梗植株表型性状变异较大,气场和苏醒弯梗萼片表型变化较多;筛选出茎粗、最大花瓣厚度、花朵鲜重、花瓣数、花朵宽、花盘到第1台叶距离、下落萼片鲜重和花梗高等8个关键指标用于月季弯梗特性评价;获得高盛、浪漫沙滩和艾莎3个弯梗特性较强的切花月季品种,可作为研究切花月季弯梗特性的材料。

不同生根试剂对微型盆栽月季扦插生根的影响

微型盆栽月季具有重要的观赏价值。目前在国内栽培生产中,微型盆栽月季种苗工厂化生产程度低、质量良莠不齐,严重影响了其成品花的商品价值。研究微型盆栽月季的扦插繁育技术以提高微型盆栽月季种苗的质量在微型盆栽月季栽培生产中具有重要的实践意义。为分析不同生根试剂对4个微型盆栽月季品种扦插生根的影响,设置不同水平的中蔬根保201、吲哚-3-丁酸(indole-3-butyric acid,IBA)、萘乙酸(1-naphthlcetic acid,NAA)、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,2,4-D)溶液以及部分试剂组合为生根试剂处理,并以清水(CK1)和公司常用试剂处理(CK2,由紫玉花卉产业有限公司提供的生根粉剂)为对照,利用主成分分析法对各品种扦插苗根系性状指标进行综合评价,以筛选扦插繁殖的最佳生根试剂。结果表明,在单一生根试剂处理中,CK2处理在所有品种均表现较优,能有效促进根系生长;另外,IBA和中蔬根保201溶液对扦插苗根系的生长发育也具有很好的促进作用,且它们的组合处理对所有供试品种的扦插苗根系生长发育也均有很好的促进效果,优于CK2。其中,0.67 mL·L^(-1)的中蔬根保201溶液与1500 mg·L^(-1)的IBA溶液的混合液处理所有品种扦插苗的根系生长情况都非常优异。

不同采收期“卡罗拉”月季切花贮藏效果比较

目的为了延长月季切花“卡罗拉”的贮藏期,选取合适的采收期进行贮藏至关重要。方法分别以提前4 d采收(1级)、提前2~3 d采收(2级)、提前1 d采收(3级)、当天采收(4级)的月季切花“卡罗拉”为试材,于4℃下贮藏20 d,定期观察贮藏及瓶插期间鲜切花品质的变化。结果与其他采收期月季切花相比,2级月季切花乙烯生成速率偏低,贮藏15 d前,2级月季切花在一定程度上呼吸强度较低,丙二醛含量整体呈现较低趋势。在贮藏20 d瓶插8 d时,2级月季切花花朵直径偏大,可维持花朵较高的开放程度,花朵萎蔫指数、腐烂指数、质量损失率仅为40.66%、82.22%、11%,均低于其他采收期的月季切花;色差中L*值较高,b*值较低,表明2级月季切花颜色较为鲜亮,有效延缓了黄化现象。结论经过1d物流运输及20 d左右的贮藏条件下存放时,提前2~3 d采收(2级)的月季切花可维持较好的品质及观赏价值。

不同贮藏温度对‘卡罗拉’月季切花保鲜效果的影响

为明确‘卡罗拉’月季切花适宜的贮藏温度,研究比较了在0、4、8℃贮藏下切花的花青素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、丙二醛含量和相对电导率的变化,并测定了切花最大花茎、腐烂指数、瓶插寿命等感官指标,分析不同温度条件下切花保鲜效果的差异。结果表明:相较于0℃和8℃,4℃贮藏能够在一定程度上抑制过高温度导致的切花失水现象及过低温度导致的冷害现象,降低腐烂指数,延缓花青素、可溶性蛋白、总酚和总黄酮含量的减小;贮藏20 d时,0、4、8℃贮藏的切花呼吸强度分别为587.66、508.42、575.49 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1),0℃和8℃是4℃的1.15倍和1.13倍;同时4℃能较好地抑制丙二醛含量和相对电导率的上升。利用SPSS对测定指标进行评分,评分结果表明,不同贮藏温度对‘卡罗拉’月季切花综合保鲜效果排序为4℃>0℃>8℃,4℃贮藏的切花品质最佳。综上,‘卡罗拉’月季切花的适宜贮藏温度为4℃,此温度下贮藏的切花外观、营养和生理品质最佳,切花贮藏寿命更长。

基于改进YOLOv8s的玫瑰鲜切花分级方法

[目的/意义]针对当前玫瑰鲜切花分级仍依赖人工进行简单分级,造成效率低、准确率低等问题,提出一种新的模型Flower-YOLOv8s来实现玫瑰鲜切花的分级检测。[方法]以单一背景下单支玫瑰花的花头作为检测目标,将鲜切花分为A、B、C、D四个等级,对YOLOv8s(You Only Look Once version 8 small)模型进行了优化改进。首先,构建了一个全新的玫瑰鲜切花分级检测数据集。其次,在YOLOv8s的骨干网络分别添加CBAM(Con⁃volutional Block Attention Module)和SAM(Spatial Attion Module)两个注意力机制模块进行对比实验;选择SAM模块并对其进一步优化,针对模型轻量化需求,再结合深度可分离卷积模块一起添加到C2f结构中,形成Flower-YOLOv8s模型。[结果和讨论]从实验结果来看YOLOv8s添加SAM的模型具有更高的检测精度,mAP@0.5达到86.4%。Flower-YOLOv8s相较于基线模型精确率提高了2.1%,达到97.4%,平均精度均值(mAP)提高了0.7%,同时降低了模型参数和计算量,分别降低2.26 M和4.45 MB;最后使用相同的数据集和预处理方法与Fast-RCNN、Faster-RCNN、SSD、YOLOv3、YOLOv5s和YOLOv8s进行对比实验,证明所提出的实验方法综合强于其他经典YOLO模型。[结论]提出的基于改进YOLOv8s的玫瑰鲜切花分级方法研究能有效提升玫瑰鲜切花分级检测的精准度,为玫瑰鲜切花分级检测技术提供一定的参考价值。

切花月季贮藏保鲜研究进展

切花月季是世界四大切花之一,具有很高的商业价值,因其贮藏保鲜期、货架期和瓶插寿命均较短,严重制约了月季切花产业的发展。文中针对切花月季贮藏保鲜的研究现状,分析了切花月季贮藏保鲜的影响因素,总结了切花月季贮藏保鲜的方法,并对切花月季贮藏保鲜未来发展方向进行了展望。

纳米银和 1-MCP 处理对月季切花的保鲜作用

研究了纳米银和1-MCP处理对月季切花‘卡罗拉’瓶插寿命和花径、相对鲜重(RFW)和瓶插液吸收(VSU)、相对叶绿素含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率以及抗氧化能力的调节作用。结果表明:与对照相比,纳米银和1-MCP单独处理与组合处理均能显著提高花瓣还原力,提升抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低花瓣中丙二醛(MDA)含量和叶片中相对电导率,并抑制叶绿素含量的下降。与纳米银和1-MCP单独处理相比,纳米银和1-MCP组合处理对延长月季切花瓶插寿命、增大切花花径、促进切花吸水、维持切花的质膜稳定性和提升切花的抗氧化能力更为有效。总之,纳米银和1-MCP组合处理可通过维持切花的水分平衡和质膜稳定性、提高切花的抗氧化能力、降低切花的膜脂质过氧化水平来延长月季切花的瓶插寿命。

不同氮处理对切花玫瑰生长和光合特性及产量的影响

通过进行不同施氮量对兰州新区切花玫瑰生长发育、产量及光合特性的影响试验,以明确兰州新区切花玫瑰适宜的施氮量。以切花玫瑰洛神为试验材料,设置5个施氮浓度(0、600、900、1200、1500 mg/L),研究了对切花玫瑰生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮浓度的增加,洛神玫瑰的株高和花梗长呈现上升的趋势;茎粗、叶幅、节间数、花朵横径、花朵纵径、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均呈现先升后降的趋势;胞间CO_(2)浓度呈现先降后升的趋势。相比不施氮对照,不同氮浓度处理的洛神玫瑰各指标上升和下降幅度均有所差异,表明各施氮处理对洛神玫瑰具有明显的浓度效应,且以施氮浓度为900 mg/L时效果最佳,叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素a+b(Chl a+b)分别较对照不施氮提高了53.32%、37.98%、45.74%;叶片净光合速率(P_(n))为14.17μmol/(m^(2)·s),较不施氮对照提高了73.47%;气孔导度(G_(s))为0.068 mol/(m^(2)·s),较不施氮对照提高了51.41%;蒸腾速率(T_(r))为183.60 g/(m^(2)·h),较不施氮对照提高了40.49%;叶片的胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))达到最低值,为619μmol/mol,较不施氮对照降低了12.94%;产量最高,为24枝/m^(2),较不施氮对照增产33.33%。由此可见,施氮浓度为900 mg/L时不仅可以显著提高洛神玫瑰产量,改善其品质和性状,还可以促进洛神玫瑰的光合能力,是兰州新区玻璃温室鲜切玫瑰洛神的最佳施氮量。

扦插成活率低月季品种组培快繁体系研究

以2个扦插成活率低的月季品种红双喜和金玛丽为代表,植株健壮枝条饱满而未萌发的侧芽为外植体,进行组培快繁研究。通过比较萌芽率和生根率,筛选出最适宜的启动培养基和生根培养基。结果表明,红双喜最适启动培养基是MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,萌发率为85.7%;金玛丽最适启动培养基是MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,萌发率为83.33%。红双喜的最适生根培养基是1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+0.2 mg/L NAA;金玛丽的最适生根培养基是1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L NAA。

浅谈北方月季棚内扦插繁殖及养护

从月季生长性质入手,介绍了月季扦插准备、扦插、扦插后护理的各个步骤,并对月季成形后的长期养护进行详述,以期为北方月季棚内扦插繁殖的操作提供参考。